No description available.

El estudio geológico llevado a cabo en la zona central del Macizo Nordpatagónico, mas precisamente en las áreas ubicadas al Norte y Oeste de la Localidad de Los Menucos, permitió reconocer tres momentos en la evolución geológica de esta región durante el Mesozoico. Un primer momento ligado al Triásico Temprano a Medio, el segundo ligado al Triásico Tardío y el tercero vinculado con el Jurásico Temprano. El desarrollo durante el Triásico Temprano a Medio se vincula con la cuenca del Grupo Los Menucos. Comprende un magmatismo de tipo transicional a post-orogénico asociado al colapso de la Orogenia Gondwánica, hace 252 Ma, desarrollado en angularidad sobre el Complejo La Esperanza. Los trabajos realizados llevan a proponer un nuevo esquema estratigráfico, sosteniendo el grado de Grupo Los Menucos constituido por tres formaciones: Formación Puesto Tscherig, Formación Puesto Vera y Formación Sierra Colorada. La primera se divide en Miembro Cerro La Laja, comprendiendo depósitos laharicos en estadios sin- e intereruptivos y sobre este el Miembro Barrancas Grandes compuesto exclusivamente por un depósito ignimbrítico de composición dacítica y datado en 252 Ma. La Formación Vera, se dispone en forma erosiva sobre la anterior y comprende dos miembros; el inferior, Miembro Aguada de la Mula corresponde a depósitos clásticos fluviales que se cubren en forma neta por depósitos de lluvia de cenizas del Miembro El Pilquín. La tercera, Formación Sierra Colorada, comprende tres depósitos ignimbriticos de alto grado y composición riolítica a dacítica, datados entre 251 y 248 Ma. El magmatismo del Triásico Tardío fue datado en 211 Ma en la zona occidental de la localidad de Los Menucos. Si bien las relaciones estratigráficas con respecto al Grupo Los Menucos no pudieron ser resueltas, si queda establecido que este magmatismo esta genéticamente desvinculado del anterior. Durante el Jurásico Temprano, en la zona Norte del área estudiada comienza el relleno del Graben del Cerro Piche. En esta depresión tectónica, limitada por fallas subparalelas con dirección E-O, se reconocieron dos etapas de relleno. Un primer relleno volcánico compuesto por lavas y domos que yacen en discordancia sobre el Grupo Los Menucos, y un segundo estadio representado por una secuencia sedimentaria de 500 m de espesor. Este segundo evento fue datado en 185 Ma y yace en discordancia sobre facies plutónicas del Complejo La Esperanza, ignimbritas del Grupo Los Menucos y también sobre las lavas del primer relleno volcánico. Los depósitos volcánicos y sedimentarios limitados a la depresión tectónica son agrupados en esta tesis bajo el nombre de Formación Cerro Piche. Los estudios de isótopos de Lu-Hf llevados a cabo en granos de circon permitieron reconocer tres eventos – EI, EII, EIII – relacionados a la evolución crustal del Macizo Nordpatagónico. El primer evento EI fue subdividido en dos ciclos menores, C1 y C2. El C1 ligado al Pérmico Tardío indica la generación de magmas derivados de una corteza antigua mesoproterozoica, vinculado al engrosamiento de la corteza. El segundo ciclo C2, asociado al Triasico Temprano a Medio, también indica que la generación de magmas estuvo ligado a un proceso de fusión cortical, pero en este caso de edad paleo- a mesoproterozoica. Esta etapa se asocia a un incipiente adelgazamiento cortical en el que la fusión estuvo asociada a proceso de delaminación o remoción convectiva. El segundo evento EII tuvo lugar en el Triásico Superior, en el que lo valores isotópicos de ƐHf cada vez menos negativos sugieren la fusión cortical pero vinculados con participación de magma mantélico. El tercer evento EIII está ligado al Jurásico, los valores de ƐHf positivos y negativos implican la participación efectiva de magmas juveniles en diferentes grados de interacción con la corteza. Tanto el C2 del E1, como EII y EIII implican un progresivo adelgazamiento de la corteza y un paulatino ascenso de magmas juveniles mantelicos. / he geological study carried out in the central part of the North Patagonian Massif, precisely in the North and West portion of Los Menucos town, led to recognize three stages in the geological evolution of this region during the Mesozoic. A first event linked to the Early to Middle Triassic, the second related to the Late Triassic, and the third linked to the Early Jurassic. The geological evolution during the Early to Middle Triassic is linked to the Los Menucos Group. It comprises a transitional to post-orogenic magmatism associated with the collapse of the Gondwana Orogeny, 252 Ma ago, and developed in angularity above the La Esperanza Complex. The stratigraphic works lead to propose a new stratigraphic scheme, supporting the Los Menucos Group, that is composed by three minor units: La Resistencia Formation, Vera Formation and Sierra Colorada Formation. The first is divided into El Molinero Member, comprising laharic deposits in syn- and intereptuion stages, and over this the Don Carlucho Member composed exclusively of an ignimbritic deposit of dacitic composition and dated in 252 Ma. The second, Vera Formation, overlies Don Carlucho Memeber in erosive relation and comprises two members; the lower, Aguada de la Mula Member, corresponds to fluvial clastic deposits that are covered by ash fall-out deposits assigned to El Pilquín Member. The third, Sierra Colorada Formation, comprises three ignimbritic deposits of high grade and rhyolitic to dacitic composition, dated between 251 and 248 Ma. Late Triassic magmatism was dated at 211 Ma in the western area of the town of Los Menucos. Although the stratigraphic relationships with respect to the Los Menucos Group could not be resolved, it is established that this magmatism is genetically disconnected from the previous. During the Early Jurassic period, started the infilling of the Graben del Cerro Piche, located on the northern area of the studied area. This tectonic depression is limited by two subparallel faults with E-O direction, and comprises two stages on it evolution. A first volcanic infilling composed of lavas and domes that lies in unconformity over the Los Menucos Group, and a second filling stage comprised of a 500 m thick sedimentary sequence. This second event was dated at 185 Ma and lies in angularity over plutonic facies of the La Esperanza Complex, ignimbrites of the Los Menucos Group and also over the lavas of the first volcanic filling. The studies of Lu-Hf isotopes carried out in circón crystals allowed to recognize three events - EI, EII, EIII - related to the crustal evolution of the North Patagonian Massif. The first EI event was subdivided into two minor cycles, C1 and C2. The C1 linked to the Late Permian indicates the generation of magmas derived from an ancient Mesoproterozoic crust, linked to the thickening of the crust. The second cycle C2, associated with the Early to Middle Triassic, also indicates that the generation of magmas was linked to a paleo- to mesoproterozoic crust. This stage is associated with an incipient crustal thinning in which the fusion was associated with delamination or convective removal. The second EII event is linked to the Upper Triassic, in which less negative isotopic ƐHf values suggest a crust derived magma but linked with a mantelic input. The third EIII event is linked to the Jurassic, the positive and negative ƐHf values imply the effective participation of juvenile magmas in different degrees of crustal contamination. Both the C2 of the E1, as EII and EIII imply a progressive thinning of the crust and a gradual rise of juvenile mantle derived magmas.

<p>This dataset includes U-Pb zircon summary excel file with datatables for all lonestones analyzed.This file also sorts data to include information of Rim and Core analyses were appropriate.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In addition, raw data for each individual sample are included that have detailed information regarding parameters during each analytical session. </p> <p><br></p> <p>All samples were analyzed at the University of Arizona Laserchron Center (NSF-EAR 1649254)</p> <p><br></p> <p>High Resolition Scanning Electron Microscopy Images are also included that were imaged at the University of Arizona Laserchron Center</p> <p><br></p>

Le gisement de Tocantinzinho est situé sur la province aurifère de Tapajós et est le plus grand gisement d'or de la province, avec 53,9 tonnes d'or estimées. Sa formation commence par un magmatisme granodioritique autour de 2005 Ma, suivi d'un magmatisme granitique. Le granite Tocantinzinho est composé de deux faciès principaux (syenogranite - 1996± 2Ma; monzogranite 1989±1 Ma), des corps d’aplite et de pegmatite, qui suggère un magmatisme enrichie en fluide et mis en place à faible profondeur. Intrusifs dans ces roches, des dykes d'andésite (1998±8Ma) ont des fragments de granite et des mélanges entre les 2 magmas suggèrent un magmatisme à la fois continu et polyphasé. Il est proposé que les premiers dykes d’andésite se sont mis en place alors que le granite n’était pas entièrement cristallisé (mingling) et les derniers lors des stades de déformation à l’état solide du granite. Utilisant la courbe de refroidissement, un âge minimum de 1975 Ma a été estimé pour l’andésite. Les taux de refroidissement des roches plutoniques varient de 3,6 à 14,7°C/Ma, avec une moyenne de 7,5°C/Ma, suggérant que les processus d'exhumation verticale sont faibles. La géométrie allongée du granite ainsi que la tectonique syn-magmatique de l'andésite corroborent la prédominance des mouvements horizontaux. L’affinité calc-alcaline fortement potassique et des anomalies en niobium définissent deux configurations possibles pour le cadre géotectonique: arc continental de type Andin ou Post-collisionnel. Compte tenue la relation génétique entre magmatisme, cisaillement décrochant et les faibles taux de refroidissement, l’environnement post-collisionnel est plus probable. Cela ensemble avec les âges nous permettent de comparer ces roches avec celles de la Suite Intrusive Creporizão (1997-1957Ma). La dacite (1992 ± 2 Ma) recoupe les autres roches, cependant, la signature géochimique comparable aux roches anorogéniques suggère qu’elle appartient à une série magmatique distinct. La zone minéralisée est limitée par deux failles majeures senestres de direction N100°-130E°. Le granite Tocantinzinho et les roches hypo-volcaniques déformées sont dans ce couloir, altérées par de fluides hydrothermaux et minéralisées pendant deux phases tectoniques distinctes. La première est caractérisée par des brèches et des microfractures remplies par muscovite (1864±5Ma) et pyrite, associées à de faibles teneur d’or (<1,5ppm) restreintes au granite. La deuxième phase a été contrôlée par le cisaillement décrochant senestre normal générant des fentes de tension et des brèches remplies par quartz, chlorite, calcite, albite, rutile, pyrite, galène, sphalérite, chalcopyrite et or. La teneur en or peut atteindre jusqu'à 70 ppm dans les veines riches en sulfures. Ces structures de remplissage syntectonique sont parallèles entre elles et orientées N30-60°E. Deux hypothèses ont été proposées pour expliquer la genèse du gisement: la première considère une relation génétique entre magmatisme et minéralisation au moins pour le premier stage de minéralisation selon un modèle porphyrique et la seconde alternative considère une réactivation des failles préexistantes par une tectonique transtensive liée au magmatisme Maloquinha (ca. 1880Ma) pour les deux stades minéralisateurs. Les deux phases dans les deux hypothèses, ont été classées comme des minéralisations de type magmato-hydrothermale qui pourraient être classées soit comme des systèmes d'or liés à l'intrusion. De nouveaux travaux sur le terrain et en laboratoire seraient nécessaires pour identifier et caractériser la nature et la source des fluides hydrothermaux, pour dater la minéralisation et mieux comprendre le rôle des roches hypo-volcaniques. Toutefois, les premiers résultats, et notamment le rôle fondamental du contrôle tectonique pour la minéralisation sont très significatifs et peuvent aider de manière conséquente à l'établissement des programmes d'exploration et d'exploitation futurs. / The Tocantinzinho deposit is located on the Tapajós Gold Province and is the largest gold deposit within Province, with 53,9 tons of gold. Its formation begins with a granodioritic magmatism around 2005Ma, followed by a granitic magmatism 10 Ma latter. The Tocantinzinho granite is composed by two main facies, syenogranite (1996±2Ma) and monzogranite (1989±1Ma), and by aplite and pegmatite bodies, suggesting a fluid-rich magmatism at shallow depth. Andesite dikes (1998±8Ma) are intrusive in both rocks. Sharp fragments of those rocks along contacts and minor mingling with granitic magma suggest a multiphase magmatism at distinct timing. The first dikes have intruded within granite when it was crystalizing, thus a minimum age of 1975Ma was estimated. Cooling rates of plutonic rocks vary from 3.6 to 14.7°C/Ma, with an average of 7.5°C/Ma, suggesting vertical exhumation processes were minor. The elongated geometry of granite along with sin-magmatic strike-slip tectonics of andesite corroborate the predominance of horizontal movements. Geochemical analysis show high-K calk-alkaline affinity and niobium anomaly indicator of two possible geotectonic settings for these rocks: Andean-type continental arc or post-collisional one. Considering the genetic relationship between magmatism, strike-slip faults, and low cooling rates, a post-collisional setting is more likely. The geochemical signature, ages and style of tectonism allow us to compare those rocks with the ones from Creporizão Intrusive Suite (1997-1957Ma). Dacite dikes (1992±2Ma) cut across all other rocks, but the temporal relationship among them remains misunderstood, due to the geochemical signature similar to the anorogenic rocks, suggesting it belongs to a distinct and latter magmatic series. Indeed, the dated zircons were probably inherited from host rocks. The mineralized area is restricted to a domain constrained by two major sinistral strike-slip N100°-130E°E faults that comprises the Tocantinzinho granite and sub-volcanic rocks, which were hydrothermally altered, brittle deformed and mineralized during two phases. The first one is characterized by breccias and microfractures infilled with muscovite (1864±5Ma) and pyrite, which contains low gold grades and are restricted to the Tocantinzinho granite. The second phase was controlled by strike-slip and normal tectonics generating tension gashes veins and pull apart breccias infilled with quartz, chlorite, calcite, albite, rutile, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and gold. The gold grade can reach up to 70 ppm in some sulfide-rich veins. These structures are parallel and mainly trends N30-60°E, showing textures and orientated minerals typical of syn-tectonic infilling. Based on petrographical features and argon ages two hypothesis were proposed for the ore genesis: the first one consider a genetic relationship between magmatism and ore fluids for first mineralization stage and the second hypothesis consider a reactivation of pre-existing faults by an extensional tectonism related to the Maloquinha Intrusive Suite magmatism (ca.1880Ma) for this phase. The second mineralization phase is considered as formed as consequence of tectonic reactivation at ca. 1880Ma, in both hypothesis. Both phases in both hypothesis were classified as magmatic-hydrothermal ore mineralization and might be classified as intrusion-related gold systems. However, new field works are important in order to identify and characterize the nature and source of hydrothermal fluids, as well as ore dating and new geochemical and geochronological data of sub-volcanic rocks are imperative to better understand the genesis and evolution of the Tocantinzinho gold deposit. Such results, strongly linked to the fact that the tectonic control seem significant, may help for future exploration and exploitation programs.

La formation de la croute continentale est une des conséquences majeures de la différenciation de la Terre. Les avancées récentes dans la compréhension de ce phénomène résultent de l’amélioration des techniques analytiques permettant la mesure in situ des compositions isotopiques en U-Pb-Hf-O de grains de zircon, minéral abondant dans les roches crustales. Cette étude reconstitue l’histoire du segment de croute affleurant dans l’est du Massif Central français (MCF), portion de la chaine Varisque d’Europe de l’Ouest, dans le but d’évaluer les limites d’utilisation des zircons pour retracer l’évolution crustale. L’origine et la signification géodynamique des principales unités lithologiques du MCF ont été étudiées en combinant les approches classiques de la pétrologie avec des données isotopiques U-Pb-Hf-O acquises sur zircon. Deux incohérences majeures existent entre nos résultats et les conclusions tirées de l’étude des zircons considérés hors de leur contexte pétrologique, approche généralement suivie pour analyser l’évolution crustale. Les âges modèles calculés à partir des données Hf suggèrent une importante croissance crustale au Mésoproterozoique dans le MCF, en contradiction avec le fait que 60% de la croute locale soit d’âge Néoproterozoïque. De plus, 5 à 10% de la croute du MCF a été formée durant l’orogènese Varisque sans que cela ne soit enregistré par le zircon. Dans les deux cas, ces incohérences résultent du caractère hybride des signatures isotopiques portées par les zircons. Celles-ci ne peuvent être correctement détectées et interprétées qu’en disposant de données pétrologiques complémentaires sur les roches contenant les grains analysés / The formation of the continental crust is a major consequence of Earth differentiation. Understanding how the crust formed and evolved through time is paramount to locate the vast mineral deposits hosted therein and address its influence on the global climate, ultimately affecting the development of terrestrial life. Recent advances on the topic of continental crust evolution benefited from improvements of analytical techniques enabling in situ measurements of U-Pb- Hf-O isotope compositions in zircon, a widespread accessory mineral of continental igneous rocks. The time constrains derived from the U-Pb chronometer coupled with the petrogenetic information retrieved from Hf-O isotope signatures are currently used to unravel the diversity and succession of magmatic events affecting the continental crust at the regional and global scales. This study reconstructs the evolutionary path followed by the crust segment today exposed in the eastern part of the French Massif Central (FMC), a portion of the Variscan belt of Western Europe, with the aim to investigate the potential flaws of the zircon record of crust evolution. In this scope, the origin and geodynamic significance of the constituent FMC lithological units are tackled by combining conventional petrological observations with zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotope data. The results obtained following this integrated approach are then confronted to the conclusions that would have been drawn solely from zircon isotopic signatures, taken out of their petrological context, as is commonly performed in studies investigating crust evolution. The oldest rocks of the FMC correspond to Ediacaran (590_550 Ma) meta-sediments deposited in back-arc basins along the northern Gondwana margin. Such basins were fed by a mixed detritus originating from the adjacent Cadomian magmatic arc and a distal Gondwana source, presumably the Sahara Metacraton. Partial melting of these meta-sediments at the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary led to voluminous S-type granitic magmatism, pinpointing a first major crust reworking event in the FMC. The origin of anatexis likely stems from the transient thickening of the hot, back-arc crust caused by the flattening of the Cadomian subduction. Subordinate melting of the depleted backarc mantle at that time is also documented. During the Lower Paleozoic, rifting of the northern Gondwana provoked coeval crust and (limited) mantle melting. Mantle-derived igneous rocks show markedly diverse trace element and isotopic signatures, consistent with a very heterogeneous mantle source pervasively modi_ed by the Cadomian subduction. Finally, the Variscan collision resulted in crustal melting as evidenced by the emplacement of S-type granites and the formation of migmatite domes, the spatial distribution of which being partly controlled by the crustal architecture inherited from pre-orogenic events. Synchronous intrusion of mafic mantle-derived magmas and their differentiates testify for Variscan post-collisional new continental crust production in the FMC. Two major inconsistencies exist between these results and the zircon record. First, zircon Hf model ages would point to substantial Mesoproterozoic crust formation in the FMC whereas more than 60% of the crust is actually Neoproterozoic in age. Second, new additions to the continental crust volume during the Variscan orogeny are not recorded even though 5 to 10% of the exposed crust formed at that time. The origin of both discrepancies inherently lies in the mixed isotopic signature carried by many zircon grains. Such equivocal information can only be detected when additional petrological constrains on the zircon host rocks are available and provide guidance in interpreting the zircon record of crust evolution

Le travail de thèse reporté dans ce manuscrit se focalise sur la reconnaissance ainsi que l'expression des processus de différenciation crustale à l'Archéen. Cet éon représente à lui tout seul 1/3 des temps géologiques, et se caractérise notamment par des lithologies diagnostiques, ainsi que des contextes géodynamiques complexes. La majorité des études sont portées sur l’investigation des phases alumineuses qui permettent de contraindre précisément les événements métamorphiques au-cours d’une géodynamique d’épaississement crustal. Toutefois, ces phases alumineuses représentent rarement plus de 10% des terrains archéens, alors qu’ils sont faits à plus de 75% de gneiss orthodérivés. L'étude qui suit est une caractérisation du complexe de gneiss gris composite de la marge Nord du craton archéen du Kaapvaal en Afrique du Sud. Les résultats produits durant cette investigation ont amené à plusieurs conclusions importantes au regard de la géodynamique archéenne. L'étude isotopique U-Pb/Lu-Hf sur zircon couplée à des analyses pétro-métamorphiques montre que la construction d’un complexe de gneiss gris composite correspond à une géodynamique prolongée dans le temps, accomplie au-travers de processus de différenciations crustales internes à la Zone accrétée, 1.e. le bloc crustal évolue en système thermodynamiquement fermé. Les complexes de gneiss gris ne sont que modérément étudiés toutefois, les informations contenues dans ces lithologies apparaissent complémentaires avec celles obtenues par les études métamorphiques sur les lithologies alumineuses. Il est donc nécessaire d'approfondir ce type d’investigations afin de mieux contraindre les modèles géodynamiques archéens / The PhD work presented in this manuscript focuses on the recognition and the manifestation of Archean crustal differentiation processes. The Archean eon which represents 1/3 of the geological record is featured by both lithologies unrecognized in younger eons and cryptic geodynamics. Most of investigations concentrate on the characterisation of aluminium-rich lithologies that allow an accurate determination of the pressure-temperature evolution underwent by crustal materials during crustal thickening geodynamics. However, aluminium-rich lithologies - mainly represented by metasediments - account for only 10% on average of Archean terranes whereas orthoderived gneisses - which also testify for crustal differentiation processes - form around 75% of these terranes. The following contribution depicts an Archean composite grey gneiss complex located at the northern edge of the Kaapvaal craton is South Africa. Results carried out during this PhD study have major consequences on Archean geodynamics. The zircon U-Pb/Lu-Hf isotope Investigation coupled with strong petro-metamorphic observations show that composite grey gneiss complexes may be built over a protracted time span, achieved through self-refinement of crustal materials, i.e. the crustal block evolved in a thermodynamically closed system. Grey gneiss compiexes are only moderately investigated even though information enclosed in these lithologies is complementary with those from aluminium-rich rocks. Therefore, deeper investigations of these geological objects must be a central scope in order to improve the knowledge of the Archean eon and appears necessary for the building of even more realistic geotectonic models

The tectonic significance and age of carbonatite intrusions in the western Foreland Belt of the Canadian Cordillera are poorly constrained. Recent 1:5,000 scale field mapping of one of these carbonatite intrusions, the Aley carbonatite (NTS 94 B/5), has demonstrated that it was emplaced as a syn-kinematic sill, coeval with a major nappe-forming tectonic event. Determining the age of the Aley carbonatite therefore provides a means of directly dating tectonism related to carbonatite magmatism. A U-Pb titanite age of 365.9 +/- 2.1 Ma was obtained from the Ospika pipe, an ultramafic diatreme spatially and genetically related to the carbonatite. We interpret the Late Devonian age of the Ospika pipe to be the minimum possible age of the carbonatite and syn-magmatic nappe-forming tectonic event. The maximum possible age of the carbonatite is constrained by the Early Devonian age of the Road River Group (ca. 410 Ma), the youngest strata intruded by carbonatite dykes and involved in the nappe forming event. Our dating results for the Aley carbonatite closely correlate with U-Pb zircon and perovskite ages obtained for the Ice River carbonatite complex in the western Foreland Belt of the southern Canadian Cordillera, and support the interpretation of carbonatite intrusions of the western Foreland Belt as genetically linked components of an alkaline-carbonatitic magmatic province. Structural, stratigraphic, and geochronological data from the Aley area indicate that deformation was similar in style to, and coeval with, structures attributable to the Antler Orogeny, and are consistent with the Antler orogen having extended the length of Cordilleran margin from the southern United States to Alaska. Deformed alkaline-carbonatite intrusions that characterize continental suture zones in Africa and Tibet may provide an analogue for the Aley carbonatite and correlative alkaline-carbonatite complexes in the western Foreland Belt. / Graduate / 0372 / mcleish@uvic.ca

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont pour but de mieux définir et quantifier lesprocessus d’érosion actuels en domaine glaciaire et proglaciaire. Le Glacier des Bossons,situé dans le massif du Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, France), est un bon exemple de systèmenaturel non anthropisé permettant d’étudier cette thématique. Il repose sur deux lithologiesprincipales (le granite du Mont-Blanc et le socle métamorphique) et cette singularitépermettra de déterminer l’origine des sédiments glaciaires. Afin de comprendre lesmécanismes d’érosion mécanique et de transport particulaires en domaine glaciaire, lessédiments ont été prélevés à la surface du glacier, sous le glacier et dans les torrents sousglaciaires.L’étude des distributions granulométriques et des provenances des sédiments a étéeffectuée par une analyse lithologique à macro-échelle (à l’oeil nu) et géochimique à microéchelle(datation U-Pb sur zircons). Elles ont permis de préciser les caractéristiques del’érosion et du transport glaciaire. (1) la charge supra-glaciaire issue de l’érosion des versantsrocheux est essentiellement composée de sédiments grossiers et ne se mélange pas ou peu à lacharge sous-glaciaire, excepté au niveau de la langue terminale ; (2) les vitesses d’érosionsous-glaciaire ne sont pas homogènes, l’érosion sous la glace tempérée (0,4-0,8mm.an-1) estau moins seize fois supérieure à celle sous la glace froide (0,025-0,05mm.an-1) ; (3) lessédiments sous-glaciaires contiennent une fraction silteuse et sableuse résultant des processusd’abrasion et de crushing qui est évacuée par les torrents sous-glaciaires. L’acquisition hauterésolutiontemporelle de données hydro-sédimentaires durant la saison de fonte entre le 5 Maiet le 17 Septembre 2010 a permis de définir le comportement saisonnier des fluxhydrologiques et sédimentaires. La majeure partie des flux détritiques est concentrée sur lasaison de fonte, et une quantification de la quantité de sédiments exportés par le torrent desBossons complétée par une mesure régulière de l’évolution de la topographie du systèmefluvio-glaciaire permet d’effectuer un bilan global de l’érosion des domaines glaciaires etproglaciaires. Au cours de l’année 2010, près de 3000 tonnes de sédiments ont été érodés dont430 tonnes se sont déposeés sur le plan des eaux. Grâce à une analyse de l’évolution desconcentrations de matières en suspension en entrée et en sortie de la plaine alluviale fluvioglaciairedu torrent des Bossons, les composantes glaciaires et non-glaciaires de l’érosion ontpu être découplées. L’érosion des moraines dénudées encadrant le plan des eaux au cours desévénements orageux est responsable au minimum de 59% du flux de sédiments transporté parle torrent des Bossons, l’érosion glaciaire (41% du flux) est donc relativement moins efficace.L’évolution à long terme des systèmes glaciaires en période de réchauffement climatiquemontrerait donc une érosion soutenue des environnements proglaciaires (versants et moraines)récemment libéré des glaces et de ce fait une intensification des flux détritiques. Le glacierdes Bossons protège le sommet du Mont-Blanc, l’érosion différentielle entre les zones sous laglace et non-glaciaires pourrait mener à un accroissement de la différence d’altitude entre lesvallées et les sommets. / The study presented in this PhD memory aim at better define and quantify the present timeerosion processes in glacial and proglacial domain. The Glacier des Bossons, situated in theMont-Blanc massif (Haute-Savoie, France), is a good example of a natural and nonanthropizedsystem which allows us to study this topic. This glacier lies on two mainlithologies (the Mont-Blanc granite and the metamorphic bedrock) and this peculiarity is usedto determine the origin of the glacial sediments. The sediments were sampled at the glaciersurface and at the glacier sole and also in the subglacial streams in order to understand themechanisms of mechanical erosion and particle transportation in glacial domain. The study ofthe granulometric distribution and the origin of the sediments were performed by a lithologicanalysis at macro-scale (naked-eye) and a geochemical analysis at micro-scale (U-Pb datingof zircons). These analyses allowed specifying the characteristics of glacial erosion andtransport. (1) the supraglacial sediments derived from the erosion of the rocky valley sides aremainly coarse and the glacial transport does not mix these clasts with those derived from thesub-glacial erosion, except in the lower tongue; (2) the sub-glacial erosion rates areinhomogeneous, erosion under the temperate glacier (0,4-0,8mm.an-1) is at least sixteen timesmore efficient than the erosion under the cold glacier (0,025-0,05mm.an-1); (3) the sub-glacialsediments contain a silty and sandy fraction, resulting from processes of abrasion andcrushing, which is evacuated by sub-glacial streams. The high-resolution temporal acquisitionof hydro-sedimentary data during the 2010 melt season, between the May 5th and theSeptember 17th, allowed defining the seasonal behavior of the hydrologic and sedimentaryfluxes. The sediment exportation occurs mainly during the melt season therefore, quantify thesediment fluxes in the Bossons stream and measure regularly the topographic evolution of thefluvio-glacial system allows to perform a sedimentary balance of the erosion of glacial andnon-glacial domains. During the year 2010, about 3000 tons of sediments were eroded with430 tons settled on the fluvio-glacial system. By analyzing the evolution of suspendedparticulate matter concentrations in the Bossons stream upstream and downstream the fluvioglacialsystem, the part of glacial erosion and non-glacial denudation in the sedimentarybalance could be proportioned. The erosion during the stormy events of the uncoveredmoraines, confining the fluvio-glacial system of the Bossons stream, furnishes at least 59% ofthe sediments exported by the Bossons stream and glacial erosion (41 % of the flux) istherefore less efficient comparatively. The long-term evolution of the glacial systems inperiod of global warming would show a sustained erosion of proglacial environments(mountain sides and moraines) recently exposed and therefore an increasing of the detritalfluxes. The Glacier des Bossons protects the summit of the Mont-Blanc, the differentialerosion between zones under the ice and non-glacial could lead to an increase of thedifference of altitude between valleys and summits.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Lagoa do Roçado Granodioritic Stock is a body with approximately 12 km2, elongated intrusive in metasediments Macururé Domain, located in central region of Sergipana Belt. The rocks that make up this stock are gray color, predominantly equigranular, occurring sometimes inequigranular. In the central part of the body occurs frequently, the presence of microgranular mafic enclaves. Petrographic studies allowed to identify that this stock is essentially composed of granodiorite with biotite, hornblende and diopside, with the accessories, titanite, allanite, pistacita, zircon, apatite and opaque minerals. Geochemical data show that its rocks are calc-alkaline high potassium microgranular mafic enclaves with showing affinity with the shoshonitic suite. The good linear correlation identified in Harker diagrams between felsic and mafic types is suggestive that the process of magma mixing is responsible for the chemical variation found . The spectra of the rocks have REE fractionation of light REE relative to heavy REE and a weak negative anomaly in Eu, indicating fractionation of plagioclase. These rocks thrown when the tectonic affinity diagrams of Pearce (1996), positioned in the post-tectonic granites field. Isotopic analyzes for zircon sample of biotite-hornblende-granodiorite (187A), were obtained by SHRIMP IIe at Geochronology Laboratory of the Universidade de São Paulo . The zircon crystals are exhibited as elongated prisms with length versus width proportions 3:1. Cathodoluminescence images reveal that these crystals show up clear or oscillatory zoning, typical of magmatic zircon. Data U/Pb zircon ages reveal a concordant age of 618 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.7). This is similar to the age old crystallization obtained by Long et al. 2005 for Coronel João Sá Massif (626 ± 2 Ma) located in the western part of the Macururé Domain, which presents petrographic and geochemical characteristics similar to the Lagoa do Roçado Granodioritic Stock. The age obtained for these rocks suggests that the Lagoa do Roçado Granodioritic Stock is positioned as the late to posttectonic in relation to the Brasiliano Orogeny. / O Stock Granodiorítico Lagoa do Roçado é um corpo com aproximadamente 12 km2, forma alongada, intrusivo nos metassedimentos do Domínio Macururé, localizado na região central da Faixa Sergipana. As rochas que compõe esse stock são de cor cinza, predominantemente equigranulares, ocorrendo por vezes inequigranulares. Na parte central do corpo, ocorre com frequência, a presença de enclaves máficos microgranulares. Os estudos petrográficos permitiram identificar que esse stock é essencialmente constituído por granodioritos com biotita, hornblenda e diopsídio, tendo como acessórios, titanita, allanita, pistacita, zircão, apatita e minerais opacos. Os dados geoquímicos revelam que suas rochas são cálcio-alcalinas de alto potássio com os enclaves máficos microgranulares exibindo afinidade com a suíte shoshonítica. A boa correlação linear identificada nos diagramas de Harker entre os tipos félsicos e máficos é sugestiva de que o processo de mistura de magmas seja o responsável pela variação química encontrada. Os espectros dos ETR das rochas apresentam fracionamento dos ETR leves em relação aos ETR pesados e uma fraca anomalia negativa em Eu, indicando fracionamento de plagioclásio. Essas rochas quando lançadas nos diagramas de afinidade tectônica de Pearce (1996), posicionam-se no campo dos granitos póstectônicos. As análises isotópicas em zircão para a amostra de biotita-hornblendagranodiorito (187A), foram obtidas por SHRIMP IIe no Laboratório de Geocronologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Os cristais de zircão exibem-se como prismas alongados, com proporções comprimento versus largura 3:1. Imagens de catodoluminescência revelam que esses cristais mostram-se límpidos ou com zonação oscilatória, característica típica de zircão magmático. Os dados U/Pb em zircão revelam uma idade concordante de 618 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0,7). Esta idade é similar à idade de cristalização obtida por Long et al. 2005, para o Maciço Coronel João Sá (626 ± 2 Ma) localizado na parte oeste do Domínio Macururé, o qual apresenta características petrográficas e geoquímicas similares às do Stock Granodiorítico Lagoa do Roçado. A idade obtida para estas rochas, sugere que o Stock Granodiorítico Lagoa do Roçado posiciona-se como tardio a pós-tectônico em relação à Orogênese Brasiliana.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Among the several techniques used for provenance studies, the geochronological analysis associated to paleocurrent survey has presented excellent results. Therefore, this study aimed to identifying the sources of the sandstone at the outcrop that gave name to the Penedo Formation, inserted in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. This outcrop is located at Penedo’s city, state of Alagoas, northeast of Brazil. The methodology consisted of a continuous bibliographical survey; field work for sample collection and paleocurrent analysis; preparation of samples for concentration of the detrital zircon crystals; chemical-isotopic determination of the crystals with the U-Pb dating, by Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS); data processing and the elaboration of this dissertation. The sedimentary record of paleocurrents indicated a contribution coming from north, while the analyzed crystals indicated ages ranging from Mesoarchean (3,098 ± 33 Ma) to Paleozoic (530 ± 12 Ma). This set of ages is related to five groups of sources: Neoproterozoic granites related to the Brasiliano cycle; Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Cabrobró Complex; rocks of the Paleoproterozoic basement coming from the Arapiraca Complex; and finally, rocks of Neo and Mesoarquean ages from rocks of the “Domo Jirau do Ponciano”, south of Alagoas state. Further work with the chemical characterization of zircon crystals of various igneous lithotypes (presented in this dissertation in the form of annex), indicated that these crystals of the Penedo Formation were largely provided from basic igneous or mantle affinity rocks, which ratifies the sources identified here by geocrology and paleocurrent analysis. / Dentre as diversas técnicas empregadas para estudos de proveniência, a análise geocronológica aliada ao levantamento de paleocorrentes tem se destacado com excelentes resultados. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar as fontes dos arenitos da seção aflorante que deu nome à Formação Penedo, inserida na Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. Este afloramento localiza-se na cidade de Penedo, estado de Alagoas, nordeste do Brasil. A metodologia de trabalho constituiu de levantamento bibliográfico contínuo; missões de campo para coleta de amostra e levantamento de paleocorrentes; preparação das amostras para concentração dos cristais de zircão detríticos; determinação química-isotópica dos cristais com a datação U-Pb, por meio de Espectrometria de Massa por Ablação a Laser (LA-ICP-MS); tratamento de dados e elaboração desta dissertação. O registro sedimentar de paleocorrentes indicaram aporte vindo de norte, enquanto os cristais analisados indicaram idades variando do Mesoarqueano (3.098 ± 33 Ma) ao Paleozóico (530 ± 12 Ma). Este conjunto de idades está relacionado a cinco grupos de fontes: granitos neoproterozóicos relacionados ao ciclo Brasiliano; rochas mesoproterozóicas do Complexo Cabrobró; rochas do embasamento paleoproterozóico provindas do Complexo Arapiraca; e por fim, rochas de idades neo e mesoarqueanas provenientes do Domo Jirau do Ponciano, sul do estado de Alagoas. Trabalho complementar sobre a caracterização química de cristais de zircões de diversos litotipos ígneos (apresentados nesta dissertação na forma de anexo), indicaram que estes cristais da Formação Penedo eram em grande parte oriundos de rochas ígneas básicas ou com afinidade mantélica, ratificando as fontes aqui indentificadas por meio de geocrologia e paleocorrente.