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Yes / This paper develops and estimates a new-Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for the analysis of fiscal policy in the UK. We find that government consumption and investment yield the highest GDP multipliers in the short-run, whereas capital income tax and public investment have dominating effect on GDP in the long-run. When nominal interest rate is at the zero lower bound, consumption taxes and public consumption and investment are found to be the most effective fiscal instruments throughout the analysed horizon, and capital and labour income taxes are established to be the least effective. The paper also shows that the effectiveness of fiscal policy decreases in a small open-economy scenario and that nominal rigidities improve effectiveness of public spending and consumption taxes, whereas decrease that of income taxes.

From 1971 UK has committed herself to the new brand name of Europeanism. Since that time Britain is continuously forced to adjust itself to the EEC regulations. The questions brought up in this thesis are about an outcome from the EU membership as well as reflection on Britain's regional policies. The work is streamed towards better understanding of main roles and activities that Britain was, is and will consign to the European Union. Moreover, there are several issues which bringing up a point of having some disadvantages from EU member. But with a time people could be concerned of more benefits that EU membership brought as an effective economic strategy is proved.

Depuis les années 1970, l’économie britannique s’est transformée grâce au développement des activités de services. Jusqu’en 2007, l’exceptionnelle croissance économique du Royaume-Uni et la résistance du pays aux chocs conjoncturels ont été attribuées au dynamisme des services britanniques. Cette thèse s’attache à démontrer, par le biais d’une analyse de l’économie nationale, internationale et régionale, les particularités et les origines de cette expansion. De cette montée en puissance du secteur des services, nous retenons, notamment, le rôle de la déréglementation, les réformes institutionnelles et la série de privatisations menées par les gouvernements de Margaret Thatcher, ainsi que la création d’un cadre macroéconomique stable depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du New Labour en 1997. Nous soulignons également la contribution de la mondialisation et des avancées technologiques qui ont permis de développer et d’échanger de nouveaux produits et services, d’amplifier les échanges entre les régions et à l’international et de renforcer la compétitivité. Force est de reconnaître, toutefois, que certaines faiblesses structurelles entravent le développement du secteur, notamment le manque d’investissement en capital humain et les performances médiocres du service public. Enfin, notre étude ne serait pas complète sans l’analyse des forces et des faiblesses du secteur financier au cours des trois décennies que couvre notre période d’étude. / Since the 1990s, the UK economy has been transformed by the development of services. Up until 2007, the exceptional economic growth in the UK and its resistance to cyclical shocks has been attributed to the dynamism of UK services. Through analysis of the national, international and regional economy, the aim of this thesis is to underline the particular features and origins of expansion of the service sector. The role of deregulation, institutional reforms and the privatisation of many state-owned industries carried out by Margaret Thatcher’s governments as well as the creation of a stable macroeconomic framework after 1997 when New Labour were ushered in, are of particular importance in explaining the rapid growth of the service sector. Globalisation and technological progress have also contributed to the development and trade of new products and services, increasing trade between regions on a national and international level and strengthening competition. However, a number of structural weaknesses inherent in the UK service economy must also be underlined, in particular weak investment in human capital and the mediocre quality of public services. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the financial sector during these three decades will be examined.