未來行動通訊網路之傳輸層將以IP技術為主，各種IP多媒體服務的興起將產生複雜的訊務及動態且多樣化的服務品質(Quality of Service，QoS)需求；加上行動通訊網路具高度不穩定的特性，造成即時服務(real-time service)在IP傳輸層上的效能不彰，無法有效保證一定的服務品質。為有效滿足動態且多樣化的服務品質需求，不只需針對平均頻寬、延遲、抖動和封包丟失率作控制，更需即時的服務品質回饋機制以動態與精確的控制服務品質。本論文提出一回饋型服務品質控制架構與方法，將需要服務品質保證之即時服務的效能轉換為使用者滿意度並即時回饋此滿意度，以動態協商資源並調整到所需之服務品質。如此不僅更能真實反應使用者滿意程度，更能有效提升網路資源的使用。我們選擇UMTS系統，乃因該系統是以IP傳輸介面為傳輸層，並亟需服務品質控制的系統。末了，我們以模擬實驗來驗證本論文之回饋型服務品質控制架構的效能。 / IP technology will be the core technology of transmission layer in the future mobile communication network. The rise of varied IP-based multimedia services will produce complicated traffic and diversified service quality (Quality of Service, QoS) demands. In addition, the wireless mobile communication network is highly error-prone, this will cause real-time services to have poor performance in IP transmission layer, and hard to guarantee services with a certain quality. To meet this, we not only need to control average bandwidth, delay, jitter and packet loss, but also a well-defined prompt feedback mechanism to dynamically and accurately control the service quality. This thesis proposes a feedback-based QoS control framework to convert QoS parameters of real-time services into user's satisfaction and then feedback this satisfaction immediately. The feedback information is used to dynamically negotiate demanding resource to guarantee a certain service quality. This framework can not only more closely reflect user's satisfaction, but also enhance the network resource usage more effectively. We choose UMTS as our target system is because its transmission layer is based on IP transmission interface, and it has emergent need to have better QoS control. At the end, we use Network Simulator-2 to verify the proposed framework is more effective.

The third generation of mobile communication systems introduce interactive Multicast and Unicast multimedia services at a fast data rate of up to 2 Mbps and is expected to complete the globalization of the mobile telecommunication systems. The implementation of these services on satellite systems, particularly for broadcast and multicast applications to complement terrestrial services is ideal since satellite systems are capable of providing global coverage in areas not served by terrestrial telecommunication services. However, the main bottleneck of such systems is the scarcity of radio resources for supporting multimedia applications which has resulted in the rapid growth in research efforts for deriving efficient radio resource management techniques. This issue is addressed in this thesis, where the main emphasis is to design a dynamic scheduling framework and algorithm that can improve the overall performance of the radio resource management strategy of a UMTS compatible satellite network, taking into account the unique characteristics of wireless channel conditions. This thesis will initially be focused on the design of the network and functional architecture of a UMTS -compatible satellite network. Based on this architecture, an effective scheduling framework is designed, which can provide different types of resource assigning strategies. A functional model of scheduler is defined to describe the behaviours and interactions between different functional entities. An OPNET simulation model with a complete network protocol stack is developed to validate the performance of the scheduling algorithms implemented in the satellite network. Different types of traffic are considered for the OPNET simulation, such as the Poisson Process, ONOFF Source and Self Similar Process, so that the performance of scheduling algorithm can be analyzed for different types of services. A novel scheduling algorithm is proposed to optimise the channel utilisation by considering the characteristics of the wireless channel, which are bursty and location dependent. In order to overcome the channel errors, different code rates are applied for the user under different channel conditions. The proposed scheduling algorithm is designed to give higher priority to users with higher code rate, so that the throughput of network is optimized and at the same time, maintaining the end users' service level agreements. The fairness of the proposed scheduling algorithm is validated using OPNET simulation. The simulation results show that the algorithm can fairly allocate resource to different connections not only among different service classes but also within the same service class depending on their QoS attributes.

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the use of multimedia applications. A satellite system offers great potential for multimedia applications with its ability to broadcast and multicast a large amount of data over a very large area as compared to a terrestrial system. However, the limited transmission capacity along with the dynamically varying channel conditions impedes the delivery of good quality multimedia service in a satellite system which has resulted in research efforts for deriving efficient radio resource management techniques. This issue is addressed in this thesis, where the main emphasis is to design a CAC framework which maximizes the utilization of the scarce radio resources available in the satellite and at the same time increases the performance of the system for a UMTS based satellite system supporting unicast and multicast traffic. The design of the system architecture for a UMTS based satellite system is presented. Based on this architecture, a CAC framework is designed consisting of three different functionalities: the admission control procedure, the retune procedure and the pre-emption procedure. The joint use of these functionalities is proposed to allow the performance of the system to be maintained under congestion. Different algorithms are proposed for different functionalities; an adaptive admission control algorithm, a greedy retune algorithm and three pre-emption algorithms (Greedy, SubSetSum, and Fuzzy). A MATLAB simulation model is developed to study the performance of the proposed CAC framework. A GUI is created to provide the user with the flexibility to configure the system settings before starting a simulation. The configuration settings allow the system to be analysed under different conditions. The performance of the system is measured under different simulation settings such as enabling and disabling of the two functionalities of the CAC framework; retune procedure and the pre-emption procedure. The simulation results indicate the CAC framework as a whole with all the functionalities performs better than the other simulation settings.

Este trabalho analisa a influência de mecanismos de segurança, incluindo autenticação de assinante, confidencialidade e integridade de dados, sobre o desempenho do sistema celular de terceira geração Universal Mobile Communication System (UMTS). Em função do serviço e do tamanho das chaves utilizadas foram medidos, através de simulação, o nível de potência gasto pelos equipamentos de usuário (UE) e o tempo de resposta em aplicações do tipo Web. Verificou-se que os efeitos negativos produzidos pelos mecanismos de segurança são pequenos em relação à proteção maior que é obtida nos sistemas UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) e Core Network (CN). / This work is aimed at analyzing the influence of security mechanisms, including user authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, related to system cellular performance of third generation named Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). By the service and the size of the used keys, there has been measured through simulation, the power level spent by the user equipments and the response time at web applications usage. It is seen that negative results produced by security mechanisms are small related to the greater protection that is get on UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) systems and Core Network (CN).

No description available.

Este trabalho analisa a influência de mecanismos de segurança, incluindo autenticação de assinante, confidencialidade e integridade de dados, sobre o desempenho do sistema celular de terceira geração Universal Mobile Communication System (UMTS). Em função do serviço e do tamanho das chaves utilizadas foram medidos, através de simulação, o nível de potência gasto pelos equipamentos de usuário (UE) e o tempo de resposta em aplicações do tipo Web. Verificou-se que os efeitos negativos produzidos pelos mecanismos de segurança são pequenos em relação à proteção maior que é obtida nos sistemas UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) e Core Network (CN). / This work is aimed at analyzing the influence of security mechanisms, including user authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, related to system cellular performance of third generation named Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). By the service and the size of the used keys, there has been measured through simulation, the power level spent by the user equipments and the response time at web applications usage. It is seen that negative results produced by security mechanisms are small related to the greater protection that is get on UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) systems and Core Network (CN).

L'explosion de la téléphonie cellulaire et le déferlement de normes de communication mobiles de couverture réduite (Wide, Local, Personal Area Networks, WAN, LAN et PAN), motivent de nombreuses études avec des approches très différentes. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit ce travail de thèse qui propose une architecture reconfigurable pour la numérisation du signal radio de récepteurs mobiles multistandards. De la transition progressive du GSM vers l'UMTS en Europe découle le besoin de terminaux bi-mode GSM/UMTS dans un futur proche. Pour cette raison nous avons appliqué cette étude à ces deux normes. La première phase du travail cherche à déterminer la chaîne la mieux adaptée à la réception de différentes normes. Les récepteurs à conversion directe ou homodynes sont particulièrement adaptés à cette application car ils allient forte intégration et implémentation multi-standard. Mais la flexibilité d'un tel système impose des contraintes sévères pour le traitement analogique en bande de base. En effet, la bande de réception dans son intégralité (60MHz pour l'UMTS) se retrouve en bande de base. La deuxième phase propose une architecture reconfigurable GSM/UMTS pour la bande de base analogique. Une fois l'architecture du récepteur choisie, nous avons défini les fonctions assurées par le traitement du signal en bande de base ainsi que les blocs qui la constituent. Puis nous avons déduit l'architecture qui répond le mieux au cahier des charges fixé, notamment en ce qui concerne la reconfigurabilité. Nous avons privilégié une architecture qui nous permette de réutiliser telle quelle ou de reconfigurer, le maximum de blocs afin qu'ils servent aussi bien pour le GSM que pour l'UMTS. La troisième phase présente une méthode qui permet de définir un cahier de charges à partir des spécifications techniques d'une norme, pour les différents blocs de la bande de base analogique, à savoir amplificateurs à gain variable, filtre anti-repliement et convertisseur analogique-numérique. Ceci sera fait en termes de dynamique et de linéarité pour tous les éléments de la bande de base. Pour les filtres, nous définirons en plus leurs gabarits. Cette méthode met en évidence les compromis entre les fonctions de filtrage anti-repliement, conversion analogique - numérique et amplification à gain variable. La quatrième décrit un convertisseur analogique-numérique GSM/UMTS et enfin, la conception d'un filtre anti-repliement reconfigurable GSM/UMTS. Lors de cette phase du travail notre réflexion s'est portée sur le degré de reconfigurabilité de ce bloc et sur la recherche du meilleur compromis entre flexibilité, performance et surface. Enfin, une conclusion récapitule les principaux résultats obtenus et présente les perspectives.

<p>Power control is one of the technologies used to utilize the radio resources as efficient as possible in WCDMA. The transmission power is adjusted to transmit with the lowest power level possible while the required received signal quality is maintained. Since there are large variation in channel quality over time, the power has to be adjusted to compensate for these variations. During moments of bad channel conditions a high transmission power has to be used which will to a greater extent interfere with other users in the system. </p><p>To solve this problem a concept called transmission timing was proposed. The basic idea is that the transmitter avoids data transmission during the short periods of bad channel conditions caused by fast fading. Higher bit rates can be used to compensate for this when the channel conditions are good. </p><p>In this thesis the performance of transmission timing applied to uplink data transmissions is evaluated. This is accomplished through a theoretical analysis as well as simulations of a cellular system using transmission timing. Lowered transmission power is achieved and thus lowered interference is induced. Simulations showed that the transmission power can be lowered by up to 1.6 dB compared to ordinary continuous transmission with equal average data rate. These results are however strongly dependent on the used radio environment. It is also showed that transmission timing provides increased system stability in case of rapid changes in the load situation.</p>

<p>The interest for various multimedia services accessed via the Internet has been growing immensely along with the bandwidth available. A similar development has emerged in the 3G mobile network. The focus of this master thesis is on the speech/audio part of a 3G multimedia application. The purpose has been to implement a traffic generating tool that can measure QoS (Quality of Service) in 3G networks. The application is compliant to the 3G standards, i.e. it uses AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate), SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and RTP (Real Time Transport Protocol). AMR is a speech compression algorithm with the special feature that it can compress speech into several different bitrates. SIP signalling is used so that different applications can agree on how to communicate. RTP carries the speech frames over the network, in order to provide features that are necessary for media/multimedia applications. Issues like perception of audio and QoS related parameters is also discussed, from the perspective of users and developers.</p>

<p>The Internet has mainly been interconnecting stationary computers by wired links, but an increasing number of mobile clients require wireless communication. One way to connect these clients is to use the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS. UMTS is a third generation mobile system. </p><p>A network can be seen as nodes interconnected by links. The functionality of the nodes can be described as a layered hierarchy. A reference model for this hierarchy was developed by OSI. In this model the second lowest layer is called data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for making the raw transmission appear error free to upper layers. </p><p>The focus for this thesis is the data link layer in the UMTS. Compared to the data link layer in a wired scenario it contains more control and error correction mechanisms. These mechanisms use a lot of timers and triggers, which makes it very difficult to analyze them mathematically. Therefore simulation is the preferred method. </p><p>For the simulations the network simulator version 2 was used. This is an open source discrete event simulator. It has a modularized wireless stack already implemented. This can not be used to simulate UMTS though. Some modules in this stack were replaced by a new implementation to make simulations on UMTS possible. </p><p>Tests were performed on the new implementation and the results were what could be expected. The results were also consistent with previous research in the area.</p>