A partir du XIXe siècle, la fondation du Bon Pasteur est créée par Mère Marie-Euphrasie. La mission spécifique decet ordre est de s'occuper de la population dans la misère et tout particulièrement des femmes et des enfants, afin desoulager leur détresse, de leur apporter du soutien et de les encourager à se réinsérer dans la société. Au Royaume-Uni les institutions du Bon Pasteur prennent le nom de couvents Madeleine, se référant ainsi à la figure biblique de Marie-Madeleine pécheresse repentie qui devient une fidèle du Christ. La vocation de ces établissements Madeleine est d'accueillir les prostituées et les mères célibataires. Ils se spécialisent rapidement dans le travail de blanchisserie, tâche éminemment symbolique car ces femmes doivent avant tout se laver de leurs péchés. Sous le règne de Victoria la morale puritaine se durcit, la figure de Madeleine incarne désormais «la catin», la femme de «mauvaise vie». Trois décrets sont alors promulgués afin de freiner l'extension de la prostitution et des maladies sexuellement transmissibles. Ce n'est que dans les années 1990 que des voix s'élèvent pour dénoncer les abus et les maltraitances commis dans certaines de ces institutions, voix bientôt relayées et amplifiées par plusieurs œuvres cinématographiques, en particulier par le film de Peter Mullan The Magdalena Sisters. Ce travail vise à comprendre pourquoi de tels faits se sont produits, à étudier le rôle des médias dans le processus de dénonciation et dans quelle mesure nous pouvons considérer qu'ils contribuent à faire l'Histoire. / The Foundation of the Good Shepherd was set up by Mother Marie-Euphrasie in the XIX!h century. The specificmission of the order was to take care of the poor, and particularly of women and children, to ease their distress, givethem support and encourage them to make their way back into society. ln the UK, the Good Shepherd institutes were known as Magdalen Asylums, for the biblical figure of Mary Magdalene, a repentant sinner who became a disciple of Christ; the vocation of these Magdalen institutions was to shelter prostitutes and single mothers. They quickly came to specialise in laundry work- a symbolic task, as these women had above all to wash away their sins. During the reign of Queen Victoria, puritanism became more severe, and the figure of Mary Magdalena came to embody the "whore", the "fallen" woman. Three Acts of Parliament were passed to curb the expansion of prostitution and venereal diseases. Il was only in the late 1990s that voices were raised to denounce the abuse and ill-treatment committed in some of these institutions, voices that were soon picked up and amplified in a number of films, and in particular Peter Mullan's The Magdalena Sisters. The aim of this study is to understand why such things happened, and to study the role played by the media in the process of their exposure and to what extent they can be said to make History.

Les protéines fibreuses (kératine, élastine, collagène, fibroïne…) représentent 1/3 des protéinesconstitutives des mammifères et des oiseaux. Ce sont des protéines qui ont une fonction de protection et/oumécanique. La soie apparait comme le système le plus « simple » car elle est principalement constituée demotifs de répétition à base d’alanine et de glycine, deux petits acides aminés. Certaines soies présentent despropriétés mécaniques comparables ou supérieures à celles des fibres synthétiques et seraient susceptiblesd’être de nouveau largement utilisées dans des applications techniques (par exemple biomédicales) si lavariabilité de leurs propriétés était maîtrisée. Ce travail porte sur la structure des soies grèges ou décreuséesde Bombyx mori (ver à soie domestique), de Nephila madagascariensis (araignée sauvage, fibre sansenveloppe de séricine), de Bombyx mori génétiquement modifié (incluant un gène de Nephila) et sur unesoie recombinante 4RepCT (Escherichia coli). La soie est analysée par spectrométrie Raman (et IRTF) ettraction uni-axiale, ainsi que par le couplage de ces méthodes. L’analyse de la région des bas nombresd’onde en spectroscopie Raman a permis de caractériser des régions ordonnées de 2 à 3 μm de long etdistantes d’environ 60 μm. Il s’agit de la première mise en évidence d’une hétérogénéité de structure de lasoie. Le couplage avec la traction uni-axiale montre une sollicitation de ces régions ordonnées sousdéformation, suggérant une organisation de la soie selon le modèle de Prevorsek, c’est à dire qu’une mêmechaîne macromoléculaire appartient à la fois à des régions amorphes et à des régions ordonnées. L’étudestatistique des propriétés mécaniques de la soie de ver et d’araignée montre une grande distribution, maisune bonne stabilité dans le temps (dizaines d’années). La modification génétique ne procure pasd’amélioration des propriétés mécaniques de la fibre, seulement une légère diminution de la variabilité.Diverses stratégies sont mises en oeuvre pour tenter d’échapper à cette variabilité : production bactérienne,solubilisation de la soie et régénération sous forme de films. Le rôle de l’eau lors de la biosynthèse de lasoie, ainsi que l’effet de divers paramètres (filtration, pH, séchage…) lors de la préparation des films ont étéétudiés. Nous avons pu confirmer que la présence d’agrégats de protéines favorise l’organisation dans lesfilms et 2 types de films ont donc été préparés. Les films les plus amorphes présentent les propriétésmécaniques les plus intéressantes, même si elles n’atteignent de quelques % de celles des fibres. Lafabrication de composites à matrice de soie régénérée renforcée par des fibres de soie permet d’augmenterla résistance et la déformation à rupture. Ces premiers résultats sont encourageants pour le développementde matériaux composites fibres de soie/matrice de soie régénérée. / Fibrous proteins (keratin, elastin, collagen, fibroin ...) make up to one third of the proteins ofmammals and birds. They are structural proteins with a protective and/or mechanical function. Silk appearsto be the ‘simplest’ model because it mainly consists of two small amino acids residues (alanine andglycine). Some silks have comparable or superior mechanical properties compared to those of syntheticfibres and could be used in technical applications (e.g. biomedical) if the variability of their properties canbe controlled. This work focuses on the structure of silks from: Bombyx mori (domestic silkworm)degummed or not, Nephila madagascariensis (wild spider, no sericin coating), GM Bombyx mori (includinga gene of Nephila) a recombinant spider silk 4RepCT (Escherichia Coli). Silk is analyzed by Ramanspectroscopy (and FTIR), uni-axial tensile testing, and also by the coupling of these methods. The analysisof the low wavenumbers region in Raman spectroscopy allowed the characterization of ordered regions of 2to 3 microns separated by about 60 microns. This is the first evidence of the heterogeneous structure ofsilk. Coupling with the uni-axial tensile test shows that these ordered regions are stressed under macroscopicdeformation, suggesting silk organization according to Prevorsek’s model, i.e. that the samemacromolecular chain belongs to both amorphous and ordered regions. The statistical study of themechanical properties of silkworm and spider silks shows great dispersion, but a good stability over time(decades). Genetic modification does not improve the fibres mechanical properties but a slight decrease intheir variability. Various strategies have been investigated to control the variability: bacterial production,solubilization of silk and films regeneration. The role of water in silk biosynthesis, as well as the effect ofvarious parameters (filtration, pH, drying ...) during the preparation of the films were studied. It wasconfirmed that the presence of protein aggregates promotes the organization in film and two types of filmswere prepared. The most amorphous ones have the most interesting mechanical properties, though only afew percent of those from the starting fibres. The fabrication of regenerated silk matrix compositesreinforced by silk fibres increases the strength and strain to failure. These initial results are encouraging forthe development of silk fibres/regenerated silk matrix composite materials.

Tourette’s is currently considered a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder. Georges Gilles de la Tourette is given primary credit for the diagnoses of the disorder in the late 1800s. Clear answers have been elusive although modern research and improvements to neuroimaging have enabled the causal factors of Tourette’s Disorder (TD) to be examined with greater scrutiny. Currently, there is no known cure or pharmaceutical treatment that has been proven 100% effective for all patients and symptoms of Tourette’s. Anecdotally, there have been recent media and self-reports of people diagnosed with Tourette’s finding relief from their symptoms through involvement in focus-based activities such as video games, athletic endeavors and musical engagement, albeit little empirical evidence exists on these subjects. The author is seeking empirical data showing the influence of musical engagement on the symptoms of Tourette’s. This research does not focus on the receptive activity of listening to music, but engagement. This performance-based music making or engagement can be described as the body being physically involved in the creation and production of music which comes from such activities as playing a musical instrument or singing. This study seeks to answer the question, “does musical engagement influence the symptoms of Tourette’s?” A self-reported survey instrument was generated to question those claiming to be musicians who have been diagnosed with TD to explore what effect engaging in a musical activity has on their symptoms. Participants’ responses to ten questions were analyzed. The survey apex involved a Likert-type scale asking to what extent these musicians experienced changes in their symptoms. One hundred eighty-three (N = 183) respondents rated their perceptions from one to five where one equaled drastic symptoms increase by engaging in a musical activity and five equaled drastic symptoms decrease. The mean response from the scale was 4.45, clearly showing that these musicians with TD experienced a great deal of relief when engaged in their activity. This study presents evidence and support for research into neurodevelopmental and musical training correlations and a strong case for childhood music education as a means to facilitate this training.

The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the time situation of a particular entrepreneur in individual time stages of his enterprise. At the beginning the topic of time management and other relevant issues are mentioned. These issues were picked in order to help develop one's organization skills. The Theoretical Part introduces the topic of time management and shows tools which can be utilized to boost one's efficiency. Other topics like goal setting, prioritization, stress management and leadership are further discussed in this thesis. Deep quantitative interview with the entrepreneur was chosen to be the main research method. This data is accompanied by the provided documents, information from the company's website and further information the entrepreneur has shared about the company. The results of this case study are compared with the theoretical and practical information in this thesis. This study finds the entrepreneur to be a good example of dealing with time management. The entrepreneur's attitude towards modern technology is also much appreciated as are some of his core principles and values (for ex. not postponing problems). Setting goals and priorities in written form can be mentioned as a recommendation for the entrepreneur. Right kind of delegation on reliable people may also improve the situation (this is already slowly occurring in the firm).

Extensive work is reported in literature on the reduction of iron oxides with carbonaceous reductants. Most of this work considered isothermal reaction of the material mixture, although as shown in some studies, isothermal reaction conditions are not often the norm because of sample size and heating arrangement in the experiment. In industrial processes, such as the rotary hearth type processes and the IFCON® process for iron ore reduction, the norm is non-isothermal reaction. Simulation of industrial processes should take non-isothermal reaction into account if the heat transfer effects within the process are to be investigated. To avoid the complications of coal volatiles in the experimental set-up, few studies were done with coal as reductant. The primary aim of the work presented here is to quantify radiation heat transfer to the surface of an iron ore and coal mixture heated uni-directionally from the sample surface to show the importance of heat transfer in the IFCON® process. Secondary aim of this work are to show the effects of layer thickness, coal volatiles, phase chemistry and particle size in this reaction system. The experimental set-up consists of a tube furnace modified to transport the sample into and out of the experimental tube furnace heating zone under a protected atmosphere, whilst the product gas is analysed throughout the experiment by quadropole mass spectrometer. The sample surface temperature, heating zone temperatures and material bed temperatures were measured throughout the experiment. A sample cutter-splitter was developed to divide the reacted sample into three horizontal segments for chemical analyses. The sample surface temperature and the heating zone temperatures were used as inputs to a radiation network calculation to quantify radiation heat transferred to the sample surface. The radiation network calculation was calibrated against heat-mass balance calculations for pre-reduced ore and graphite samples reacted at furnace temperatures of 1300, 1400 and 1500°C. The results show that radiative and conduction heat transfer control prevails for 16 mm to 40 mm material layers heated uni-directionally from the material layer surface. It is shown that coal volatiles contribute to reduction in the stagnant material layer. Also, smaller particle sizes result in increased reaction rates because of a decrease in the diffusion limited effects which were seen in reaction of the base size of coal and ore particles. / Thesis (PhD (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study presents a novel converter configuration that is related to the area DC-DC power converters. To begin with, a brief introduction is given by stating the importance of power electronics. Different types of converters, their operating principles and several new topologies that are being proposed over the years, to suit a particular application with specific advantages are listed in detail. In addition, pro- cedure for performing small signal analysis, which is one among the several averaging techniques is summarized in the first chapter. In the second chapter, small signal modeling is carried out on the single input dual output DC-DC buck converter. This analysis is performed to get a clear un- derstanding on the dynamics of this novel configuration. Routh stability criterion is also applied on this converter topology to determine the limiting conditions for operating the converter in its stability. Third chapter proposes the single input multiple output DC-DC synchronous buck converter. It’s operation, implementation and design are studied in detail. In further, small signal analysis is performed on this topology to determine the transfer function. In the following chapter, results obtained on comparison of a losses between the conventional and traditional topologies are presented in detail. In addition, results achieved during the analysis performed in the previous chapter are displayed. In the end, advantages and its highlights of this novel configuration proposed in this study is summarized. Future course of actions to be done, in bringing this configuration in to practice are discussed as well.

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, les drones MALE (Moyenne Altitude, Longue Endurance), sont employés en opérations extérieures par le Royaume-Uni et la France, en Afghanistan, dans le Sahel, en Irak et en Syrie. Ces drones sont caractérisés par leur endurance en l’air de plus de 24 heures et leur capacité à être pilotés à distance par une liaison satellite depuis une station de contrôle à des milliers de kilomètres des théâtres d’opérations. Ils peuvent en outre être armés de bombes et de missiles. Si les travaux des Critical War Studies sont nombreux sur l’emploi des drones MALE par l’United States Air Force et plus encore par la Central Intelligence Agency, ils sont en revanche beaucoup plus rares en ce qui concerne l’utilisation de ces mêmes drones dans les forces armées européennes. L’objectif du présent travail est d’étudier comment les discours officiels au Royaume-Uni et en France ont participé à la normalisation de l’emploi des drones MALE dans les opérations militaires et défini un cadre à cet emploi. Empruntant aux travaux de Michel Foucault, nous y démontrons que deux communautés de discours au Royaume-Uni et en France ont porté un régime de vérité favorable à l’acquisition et l’emploi de ces drones, en usant parfois des mêmes arguments et en se basant sur les mêmes conceptions stratégiques. Au cours de cinq chapitres thématiques, le présent travail étudie successivement différents éléments du régime de vérité sur les drones construit au Royaume-Uni et en France par ces communautés de discours. Dans un premier chapitre, il montre comment les communautés de discours ont abordé le programme américain d’éliminations ciblées pour mettre de la distance entre les pratiques américaines et l’usage des drones qui pourrait être fait par les forces armées britanniques ou françaises. Un second chapitre est consacré aux discours présentant les drones avant tout comme des outils de renseignement et la présentation élogieuse qui est faite de leur capacité à comprendre les populations que leurs équipages observent. Un troisième chapitre s’intéresse à la façon dont les communautés de discours ont traité le débat éthique sur l’armement des drones et ses effets sur l’ethos militaire. Un quatrième chapitre se concentre sur une généalogie des conceptions stratégiques sous-tendant l’emploi des drones, puisant dans les doctrines classiques de la puissance aérienne, dans le passé colonial de la Royal Air Force et dans les doctrines de la contre-insurrection. Un cinquième et dernier chapitre s’intéresse surtout à la communauté de discours française et à sa volonté d’employer les drones de l’armée de l’air pour des missions de surveillance au-dessus du territoire national français. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

<p> Physical inactivity or deconditioning has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Contrary to the previously demonstrated effects of exercise training on the cardiovascular system, the vascular adaptations that occur with a deconditioned state have not been adequately characterized within a young, healthy population. Thus, it was the interest of the present study to examine vascular adaptations to 12 days of unilateral lower limb immobilization (ULI) in young, healthy humans. Previous studies have used other models to mimic a deconditioned state such as paraplegia, simulated micro gravity and bed rest; however, such models are also associated with factors that are not physiologically applicable to normal deconditioning in the able-bodied population. Fifteen young, healthy participants [age: 20.6±0.51 (mean ± SEM)] participated in the 12-day knee-braced immobilization period that consisted of PRE and 12-DAY time point testing sessions. Measurements of supine common carotid, popliteal and common femoral artery cross sectional compliance as well as popliteal artery endothelial function (using flow mediated vasodilation (FMD)) were acquired prior to the 12-day immobilization (PRE) and on the 12th day of the immobilization (12-DAY). Arterial characteristics of the Immobilized legs (IMM) and NON-Immobilized (NIM) legs were assessed by echo Doppler ultrasound and applanation tonometry.</p> <p> Resting carotid artery cross sectional compliance and blood flow showed no change throughout the 12-day time period, (Compliance: PRE = 0.001209 ± 0.000067 mm^2/mmHg, 12-DAY= 0.001230 ± 0.00085 mm^2/mmHg; Blood Flow: PRE = 242.8±14.2 mL/min, 12-DAY = 226.0±14.27 mL/min). Popliteal artery cross sectional compliance decreased significantly over the 12 day time period in both legs (p<0.05) (IMM PRE = 5.7±0.4 10^-4mm^2/mmHg, IMM 12-DAY = 3.8±0.4 10^-4mm^2/mmHg; NIM PRE= 6.7±0.9 10^-4mm^2/mmHg, NIM 12-DAY = 5.5±0.6 10^-4mm^2/mmHg). Common femoral artery cross sectional compliance decreased in the immobilized leg but not in the non-immobilized leg (p<0.05) over 12 days of immobilization (PRE= 1.2±0.1 10^-4mm^2 /mmHg, 12-DA Y =: 0. 79±0.1 10^-4mm^2/mmHg). Neither popliteal nor common femoral artery mean blood flow changed throughout the 12 days of immobilization. Popliteal arterial mean diameter decreased significantly over time in both the IMM and NIM legs showing greater decreases in the IMM leg, while common femoral arterial mean diameter decreased in both the IMM and NIM legs through the 12 days (Popliteal: IMM PRE = 0.57±0.02 cm, IMM 12-DAY = 0.50±0.02 cm; NIM PRE = 0.59±0.02 cm, NIM 12-DAY = 0.55±0.02 cm; Common Femoral IMM PRE = 0.83±0.04 cm, IMM 12-DAY = 0.77±0.03 cm; NIM PRE = 0.81±0.03 cm, NIM 12-DAY = 0.77±0.03 cm). Popliteal artery endothelial function, calculated as both relative FMD and FMD normalized to shear stress, increased (p<0.05) throughout the 12 days in the immobilized leg while showing no change in the non-immobilized leg (Relative FMD: IMM PRE 6.0 ± 1.4%, IMM 12-DAY = 12.6 ± 2.7%; NIM PRE = 5.8 ± 1.4%, NIM 12-DAY = 8.3 ± 1.6 %; Normalized FMD: IMM PRE = 0.023 ± 0.007%/^sec-1, IMM 12-DAY = 0.037 ± 0.008%/^sec-1; NIM PRE = 0.016 ± 0.003%/^sec-1, NIM 12-DAY = 0.022 ± 0.004%/^sec-1).</p> <p> In conclusion, 12 days of deconditioning by ULI was able to cause structural and functional changes in the arteries of the immobilized leg, but not the central elastic artery in the neck in healthy young humans. Specifically in the legs, a decrease in arterial compliance, increases in mean blood velocity and increases in endothelial function were noted, with no change in volumetric blood flow. Surprisingly, our results suggest, with regards to endothelial function, that the vascular effects of deconditioning are not simply the inverse of exercise training which also shows increases in endothelial function. Thus the present study concludes that there exists a very short time course to arterial adaptations in healthy young humans with significant changes within the vasculature occurring within 12 days of deconditioning.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Micromechanics theories have been used to develop macro-level constitutive relations for infinitesimal elastoplastic deformations of unidirectional fiber reinforced laminates. The matrix is assumed to be isotropic and deform elasto-plastically and the fibers transversely isotropic and linear elastically. We have analyzed damage initiation, damage progression, and failure of 16-ply unidirectional fiber reinforced laminates impacted at normal incidence by a rigid sphere. The damage is assumed to initiate when at least one of Hashin's failure criteria is satisfied with the evolving damage modeled by an exponential relation. Transient three dimensional impact problems have solved using the finite element method (FEM) by implementing the material damage model as a user defined subroutine in the FE software ABAQUS. From strains supplied by ABAQUS the subroutine uses the free shear traction technique and values of material parameters of the constituents to find average stresses in a FE, and checks for Hashin's failure criteria. If the damage has initiated, the subroutine evaluates the damage developed, computes resulting stresses, and provides them to ABAQUS. The irreversibility of the damage is satisfied by requiring that the damage evolved does not decrease during unloading. The delamination failure mode is simulated by using the cohesive zone model and the degradation of material properties already available in ABAQUS. The computed time histories of the axial load acting on the impactor are found to agree well with the experimental ones available in the literature. The effect of stacking sequence in the laminate upon the impact load has been ascertained. / Ph. D.