This research is about a case study related to the teaching practice in a college preparatory called Pre-Uni supported by Secretaria de Educação de Sergipe (SEED) . It shows the teaching practice in this course through the analysis of organization of teacher‟s work and its methodological specifications. Its main question is: how pedagogic work is organized in the university-daily by SEED? The specifics objectives are analyze the relations among the methodologies of teaching and contents and the fact of being a popular college preparatory course; and identify probable methodological specifications in this practice; to describe and reflect on about the pedagogical purpose of pre-universitario SEED course; to reflect on the access policies of the higher education in Brazil. The theoretical concepts used for affirmative actions; concerning the teaching practices and teachers pedagogic approaches. The subjects of this study were ten teachers who work at Pre-Uni and its pedagogic coordination. In order to guarantee the anonymity of the interviewee, the teachers were identified by letters from A to J and for the pedagogic coordinator, a fake name was used (Aurora). This work has a phenomenological focus and its data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and forms. This dissertation makes up five chapters: the first one is about the spreading of higher education in Brazil; the second one is related to the various ways of entrance exam and the emergence of college preparatory courses; the third one shows educational, teaching and methodological concepts and the fourth one shows the methodological concepts and the characterization of the research object. At last, the final considerations presented focusing on the most relevant aspects for this research. The results show that the teaching practice in a college preparatory course has particular aspects and its organization of contents is influenced by the university where you intend to study at. The strengthening of this teaching practice and its main reasons were observed through the analysis of historian contexts. / Este trabalho se trata de um estudo de caso sobre a prática de ensino no pré-vestibular mantido pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Sergipe (Pré-Uni). O estudo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas de ensino desenvolvidas por professores do pré-vestibular popular oferecido pela Secretária Estadual de Educação de Sergipe. Como questão central destaca-se: como está organizado trabalho pedagógico no pré-universitário SEED? São objetivos específicos: analisar as relações existentes entre a escolha de metodologia de ensino, de conteúdo e o fato de tratar-se de um pré-universitário popular; identificar possíveis especificidades metodológicas existentes na prática de ensino em pré-vestibular popular; descrever e refletir sobre a proposta pedagógica do Pré- universitário SEED; refletir sobre as políticas de acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil. Os aportes teóricos reúnem conceitos sobre ensino superior; ações afirmativas; práticas de ensino, saberes docentes e pedagógicos e conceitos relacionados à metodologia da pesquisa. Os sujeitos dessa pesquisa foram 10 professores que atuam no Pré-Uni e a coordenação pedagógica, com o intuito de garantir o anonimato dos participantes da pesquisa os professores foram identificados pelas letras de A a J e, para a coordenadora pedagógica, utilizamos um nome fictício (Aurora). A pesquisa tem um enfoque fenomenológico e os dados foram coletados através de questionário, entrevistas e formulário. A dissertação reúne cinco capítulos: o primeiro abrange a expansão do ensino superior no Brasil; o segundo versa sobre as diversas facetas dos vestibulares e o aparecimento dos pré-vestibulares; o terceiro apresenta conceitos sobre educação, ensino e metodologias com os quais podemos dialogar; o quarto apresenta os aportes metodológicos e caracterização do objeto da pesquisa; o quinto expõe os resultados da pesquisa. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa mostram que a prática de ensino em pré-vestibular tem características específicas e a organização dos conteúdos sofre influências da universidade para a qual se pretende prestar vestibular, sendo que o tempo destinado a exposição do conteúdo é pouco, limitando a ação docente. Através da análise do contexto histórico, observou-se o fortalecimento dessa prática de ensino, sendo a má qualidade do ensino médio, o número reduzido de vagas para o ensino superior e o aprimoramento dos vestibulares são os principais motivadores da proliferação e fortalecimento dos pré-vestibulares.

This graduation thesis is trying to examine the work of the American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington and refers to his contribution to the historical sociology. This work presents the most important theses, sets them into the context, possibly compares them with ideas or works of another social scientists. The first part of the work deals with this author as a person, with his professional life and makes clear a selection of the studies, which forms a skeleton of this thesis. The work is trying to describe concepts, which are in some relation with social change. First of all it means modernization, democratization, civil-military relations, civilizations analysis, multiculturalism, crisis of democracy and crisis of american identity. The work follows the chronology, in which author's books were being out. This is a reason, why the themes are presented in order, in which Huntington was focusing on them. The chronological aspect falls back, when the themes are mentioned by author in another books. The end of the work points out the contribution of Samuel Huntington to the historical sociology and in general adverts to importance of his work. Keywords: civil-military relations, modernization, democratization, civilization, identity, political order, multiculturalism, uni-multipolar system, islam

Bien que le xxe siècle fût faste pour la monarchie britannique, la fin de siècle est le théâtre de révélations embarrassantes et de nombreux troubles matrimoniaux au sein de la Famille royale. L'appui à la monarchie semble précaire et l'institution doit prendre un nouveau tournant. Le mémoire vise à cerner les modalités d'appui à l'institution au sortir de ces années troubles, soit de 2000 à 2010. La démonstration s'articule autour d'événements marquants du début du siècle (jubilé d'or de la Reine, décès de la Reine Mère, remariage du Prince Charles, etc.) et valide diverses théories quant à l'appui des Britanniques à la monarchie. Dans le cadre du mémoire, trois théories sont ainsi validées à divers degrés : la Imperial/Ceremonial Monarchy (Cannadine et Zeigler), la Family Monarchy (Bagehot) et la Welfare Monarchy (Proshaska).

Notre étude a identifié au moins trois éléments de réponse dans la décision britannique de non-adhésion à la zone euro. Premièrement, une conviction historique de ne jamais se lier les mains au regard de leur expérience du SME des années 90. Deuxièmement, une conviction philosophique que l'union européenne n'est pas la seule entité praticable de l'Europe. Elle témoigne d'une opinion politique et publique britannique hostile à la construction européenne. Troisièmement, plusieurs raisons économiques justifient ce refus : en premier lieu, la non-visibilité de la zone euro actuelle à cause des hétérogénéités structurelles persistantes. En second lieu, la convergence économique entre le Royaume-Uni et la zone euro est jugée insuffisante au regard de l'analyse du cycle britannique et sa comparaison avec le cycle allemand et le cycle français. En troisième lieu, la politique monétaire commune ne répond pas aux préoccupations des britanniques en matière de stabilité du produit et de lutte contre le chômage. Enfin, la BCE est trop indépendante, trop rigide et pas assez britannique. / Our study has identified at least three answers in the British decision of not joining the euro area. First, a historical conviction never to tie its hands with regard to their experience of the EMS 90s. Second, a philosophical conviction that the European Union is not the only entity practicable for Europe. It shows a British political and public opinion hostile to European integration. Third, many economic reasons justify this refusal: first, the unsustainability of current euro area due to persistent structural heterogeneities. Secondly, the economic convergence between the UK and the euro area is considered inadequate in view of the British cycle analysis and its comparison with the German cycle and the cycle French. Thirdly, the common monetary policy does not address the concerns of the British regarding product stability and the fight against unemployment. Finally, the ECB is too independent, too rigid and not so British.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-09T13:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-12T12:58:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T13:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / (Artigo 1 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na resist?ncia de uni?o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Purpose: To verify the influence of the pH cycles on the microtensile bond strength (?TBS) to dentin of three adhesive systems compared to the immediate ?TBS and after storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. Materials and methods: The occlusal surface of 32 sound third molar teeth was removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group): G1 - Single Bond Universal in the total-etch mode; G2 ? Single Bond Universal in the self-etch mode; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (totaletch mode control); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch mode control). A block of composite with 6 mm height was built on the adhesive area. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37?C, the tooth/resin sets were cut parallel to the long axis of the tooth, in the x and y directions, with a section of approximately 0.8 mm2 . Fifty-two specimens were obtained for each group, of which 26 were submitted to pH cycles and the other 26 were stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. Subsequently, the specimens were submitted to a ?TBS test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. For the immediate evaluation (24 h), results previously obtained were used for this study. Results: According to the two-way ANOVA test, the interaction between the factors (p=0.0001) was significant. There was no significant difference in the immediate ?TBS between the adhesive systems. After 4 cycles of pH and 6 months of storage in artificial saliva, there was a significant decrease in ?TBS for all adhesive systems. The failures were predominantly mixed. Conclusion: The pH cycles and the storage in artificial saliva for 6 months were detrimental to the stability of the bonding interface. (Artigo 2 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Purpose: To verify the influence of the pH cycles on the nanoleakage in the dentin-adhesive interface of three adhesive systems compared to the immediate nanoleakage and after storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. Materials and methods: The occlusal surface of 24 sound third molar teeth was removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=6/group): G1 ? Single Bond Universal in the total-etch mode; G2 ? Single Bond Universal in the self-etch mode; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (total-etch mode control); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch mode control). A block of composite with 6 mm height was built on the adhesive area. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37?C, the tooth/resin sets were cut parallel to the long axis of the tooth to obtain slices with a thickness of approximately 1.0 mm. Three slices of the central region of each tooth were obtained. One slice was submitted to pH cycles, and one slice was stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. The nanoleakage methodology was applied. Images of the dentin-adhesive interfaces were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (2000x), and the images were analyzed in the ImageJ program to evaluate the percentage of nanoleakage area (%N). Results: According to the two-way ANOVA test, the interaction between the factors (adhesive system x storage) (p=0.0001) was significant. There was no significant difference in the %N between the adhesive systems at 24 h. After the pH cycles, the adhesive systems applied in the self-etch mode obtained lower %N, differing significantly from total-etch adhesives. After 6 months in artificial saliva, there was lower %N compared to pH cycles, and the lowest %N occurred in self-etch adhesives. Conclusion: The pH cycles caused higher nanoleakage than storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. The self-etch adhesive systems had lower nanoleakage after pH cycles and storage in artificial saliva for 6 months in relation to total-etch adhesive systems. / (Artigo 1 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na resist?ncia de uni?o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Objetivo: Verificar a influ?ncia dos ciclos de pH nos valores de resist?ncia de uni?o ? microtra??o (R?T) ? dentina de tr?s sistemas adesivos em compara??o com a R?T imediata e ap?s armazenamento em saliva artificial pelo per?odo de 6 meses. Materiais e m?todos: A superf?cie oclusal de 32 dentes terceiros molares h?gidos foi removida para obter superf?cie plana em dentina, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=8/grupo): G1 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G2 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (controle da vers?o total-etch); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (controle da vers?o self-etch). Sobre o sistema adesivo foi confeccionado um bloco de 6 mm de altura em resina composta. Ap?s 24 h de armazenagem em ?gua destilada a 37?C, os conjuntos dente/resina foram cortados paralelamente no longo eixo do dente, nos sentidos x e y, com sec??o de aproximadamente 0,8 mm2 . Cinquenta e dois corpos de prova foram obtidos, em m?dia, para cada grupo, sendo 26 submetidos aos ciclos de pH, e os outros 26 ao armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Na sequ?ncia, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microtra??o em m?quina de ensaio universal EMIC DL-2000, com uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os tipos de falha foram observados em microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Para a avalia??o imediata (24 h) foram utilizados resultados obtidos previamente a este estudo. Resultados: De acordo com o teste ANOVA de duas vias a intera??o entre os fatores (p=0,0001) foi significativa. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica na R?T imediata entre os sistemas adesivos. Ap?s os 4 ciclos de pH e 6 meses de armazenamento em saliva artificial houve redu??o significativa das m?dias de R?T para todos os sistemas adesivos. As falhas foram predominantemente mistas. Conclus?o: Os ciclos de pH e o armazenamento em saliva artificial durante 6 meses prejudicaram a estabilidade da interface de uni?o. (Artigo 2 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Objetivo: Verificar a influ?ncia dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o da interface dentina-adesivo de tr?s sistemas adesivos em compara??o com a nanoinfiltra??o imediata e ap?s armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Materiais e m?todos: A superf?cie oclusal de 24 dentes terceiros molares h?gidos foi removida para obter superf?cie plana em dentina, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=6/grupo): G1 ?Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G2 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (controle da vers?o total-etch); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (controle da vers?o self-etch). Sobre o sistema adesivo foi confeccionado um bloco de 6 mm de altura em resina composta. Ap?s 24 h de armazenagem em ?gua destilada a 37?C, os conjuntos dente/resina foram cortados paralelamente no longo eixo do dente, resultando em fatias, com espessura de aproximadamente 1,0 mm. Tr?s fatias da regi?o central de cada dente foram obtidas, sendo uma fatia submetida aos ciclos de pH, e uma fatia armazenada em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Na sequ?ncia foi aplicada a metodologia de nanoinfiltra??o. Imagens das interfaces dentina-adesivo foram obtidas por meio de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (2000x), sendo as imagens analisadas no programa ImageJ para avaliar a porcentagem de ?rea de nanoinfiltra??o (%N). Resultados: De acordo com o teste ANOVA de duas vias, a intera??o dos fatores (sistema adesivo x armazenamento) foi significativa (p=0,0001). N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica na %N entre os sistemas adesivos na avalia??o em 24 h. Ap?s os ciclos de pH os sistemas adesivos aplicados de maneira self-etch obtiveram menor %N, diferindo estatisticamente dos adesivos total-etch. Ap?s 6 meses em saliva artificial, houve menor %N comparado aos ciclos de pH, e as menores %N ocorreram nos adesivos self-etch. Conclus?o: Os ciclos de pH causaram maior nanoinfiltra??o do que o armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Os sistemas adesivos aplicados de maneira selfetch tiveram menor nanoinfiltra??o ap?s os ciclos de pH e armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses em rela??o aos sistemas adesivos total-etch.

Submitted by PPG Teologia (teologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-02T20:24:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Amaral de Santana - Dissertacao final.pdf: 431268 bytes, checksum: c42947d079d6f64471a85f00fc843cf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-10T12:08:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Amaral de Santana - Dissertacao final.pdf: 431268 bytes, checksum: c42947d079d6f64471a85f00fc843cf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T12:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Amaral de Santana - Dissertacao final.pdf: 431268 bytes, checksum: c42947d079d6f64471a85f00fc843cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / This research seeks to discuss the theme "Grace as the starting point of unity among Christians", in view of the conflicting moment in which the world, people and religions live. In the first chapter we seek to demonstrate a path that can transform the life of the human being and consequently the world through the power of saving grace, given by God to all regardless of their language or religion culture, since we are all made in the image of the Creator. In the second chapter we try to demonstrate the life of the Apostle Paulo, his initial trajectory and the change that occurred in his life after his encounter with the Christ on the road to Damascus and how grace had a special participation in that event. In the third chapter, we will walk to a new period of grace and how it was during the Patristic period through the life of St. Agostinho and how grace comes to be conceptualized by this holy man of God. We will make a trajectory of grace through the Scholastic period, focusing in particular on the life and performance of St. Tom?s de Aquino and how grace marked this period. In the fourth chapter we will deal with grace in the Reformation and how it acted in the life of Martinho Lutero and the transformations that occurred in that period through thinkers such as Calvino and Arm?nio, both for the Protestant Churches as well as for the Roman Catholic Church, we will also reflect on grace in mo dernity in the sense of unity among christians. / Esta pesquisa procura discorrer sobre o tema ?A Gra?a como ponto de partida da unidade entre os crist?os?, tendo em vista o momento conflituoso em que vive o mundo, as pessoas e as religi?es. No primeiro cap?tulo procuramos demonstrar um caminho que pode transformar a vida do ser humano e consequentemente o mundo atrav?s do poder da gra?a salvadora, dada por Deus a todos independentemente de sua cultura l?ngua ou religi?o, j? que todos somos feitos ? imagem do Criador. No segundo cap?tulo procuramos demonstrar a vida do Ap?stolo Paulo, sua trajet?ria inicial e a mudan?a ocorrida em sua vida ap?s seu encontro com o Cristo na estrada para Damasco e como a gra?a teve uma participa??o especial nesse acontecimento. No terceiro cap?tulo, caminharemos para um novo per?odo da gra?a e como foi sua atua??o no per?odo Patr?stico atrav?s da vida de Santo Agostinho e como a gra?a passa a ser conceituada por esse santo homem de Deus. Faremos uma trajet?ria da gra?a pelo per?odo Escol?stico, focando em especial a vida e atua??o de Santo Tom?s de Aquino e como a gra?a marcou esse per?odo. No quarto cap?tulo trataremos da gra?a na Reforma e como ela atuou na vida de Martinho Lutero e as transforma??es ocorridas nesse per?odo atrav?s de pensadores como Calvino e Arm?nio, tanto pra as Igrejas protestantes bem como para a Igreja Cat?lica Apost?lica Romana, faremos ainda uma reflex?o sobre a gra?a na modernidade no sentido de uni?o entre os crist?os.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Valery S. Shchesnovich / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 449808.pdf: 1196958 bytes, checksum: 3bb669a6882b58b02b4236ba29c0dbf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-07 / Same-sex conjugal relationships are factual in the Brazilian society, however, such couples live the impossibility of access to marriage. The non-acquisition of rights by the LGBTT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transvestite and transgender) reinforces the subaltern position of these individuals and the logics of gender policy. Due to these factors, the conjugal relation of these couples imply more difficulties to acquire the objectives of relational satisfaction, since it falls into the matters of punitive, exculpatory, and discriminating states, tolerance fomenters, disrespect and inequality inciters. Considering the importance of knowledge development about minority groups for the social development, this research aims at knowing what couples in a conjugal relationship with a same-sex person think about conjugality and how they describe their relationships, in the affective and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of these variables between themselves and in the quality of the conjugal relation. In order to understand this phenomenon, the Queer Theory was used in the analyses. At that, this thesis was organized into four sections. In the first section there is the theoretical discussion of the interaction among the politics, social processes and the constitution of the individual and its relations.Two factors were used: (1) the process of formation and meaning of the individual and social identity and citizenship; and (2) the relational, social and legal aspects of the institution of marriage. Subsequently, in the second section, through a thematic essay, there is an attempt to prove the thesis that the affective and sexual relationships between people of the same sex can and need to be considered as conjugality, for they are factual and they associate with the human rights of LGBTT population. It is also argued that the focus in the study designs on conjugality must start from the relationship, instead of primarily or compulsively from sexuality.The third section presents the study developed from the qualitative exploratory-descriptive approach, through documentary analysis, that had as objective to know the characteristics of blogs and the contents of the communications published in the context of the blogosphere about the subject of the affective and love of long term duration relationships between gays and between lesbians, including the experiences and the opinions on the subject. 24 blogs had been selected, and the data referring to the classification of blogs, to the framing of the content of the messages, as well as of the content of the interactivity had been analyzed through the Bardin s Content Analysis proposal.The last section contains the second study of this thesis, aimed at knowing the conjugal relationships between same-sex people in its depth, describing the experiences of these couples, through interviews with couples formed of same sex-people . A qualitative study was developed, with exploratory and descriptive study design, through in-depth interviews with six couples, which had been chosen by the convenience criterion. For the collection of the data the interview narratives were used, and the methodology of the speech analysis was used for interpretation. As for analysis technique the Method of the Explicitation of the Underlying Speech was used. / Os relacionamentos conjugais entre pessoas do mesmo sexo s?o f?ticos na sociedade brasileira, no entanto tais casais vivem a impossibilidade de acesso ao casamento. A n?o aquisi??o de direitos pela popula??o LGBTT (l?sbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais) refor?a o posicionamento de subalternidade desses indiv?duos e a l?gica da sexopol?tica. Em decorr?ncia desses fatores, a rela??o conjugal desses casais ? implicada em mais dificuldades para adquirir os objetivos de satisfa??o relacional, pois se encontra na seara dos estados punitivos, excludentes, discriminadores, fomentadores da intoler?ncia, estimuladores do desrespeito e da desigualdade. Considerando a import?ncia do desenvolvimento de conhecimento sobre os grupos minorit?rios para o desenvolvimento social, buscamos nesta pesquisa conhecer o que os casais em relacionamento conjugal com pessoa do mesmo sexo pensam sobre conjugalidade e como descrevem seus relacionamentos, nas dimens?es afetiva e legal, assim como as implica??es dessas vari?veis entre si e na qualidade da rela??o conjugal. Para a compreens?o desse fen?meno utilizamos a Teoria Queer em nossas an?lises. Frente a isso, organizamos esta tese em quatro se??es. Na primeira discutimos teoricamente a intera??o entre a pol?tica, processos sociais e constitui??o do indiv?duo e suas rela??es. Para isso utilizamos dois fatores: (1) o processo de forma??o e significa??o individual e social da identidade e da cidadania; e (2) os aspectos relacionais, sociais e legais da institui??o do casamento. Em seguida, na segunda se??o, buscamos comprovar, atrav?s de um ensaio tem?tico, a tese que os relacionamentos afetivos e sexuais entre pessoas do mesmo sexo podem e precisam ser considerados conjugalidade, pois s?o f?ticos e se associam com os direitos humanos da popula??o LGBTT. Tamb?m discutimos que o foco no delineamento dos estudos sobre conjugalidade deve partir da rela??o, n?o prioritariamente e compulsoriamente da sexualidade. A terceira se??o apresenta o estudo desenvolvido a partir do enfoque qualitativo, explorat?rio-descritivo atrav?s de an?lise documental, que teve como objetivo conhecer as caracter?sticas dos blogs e os conte?dos das comunica??es publicadas no contexto da blogosfera sobre o tema dos relacionamentos afetivos e amorosos de longa dura??o entre gays e entre l?sbicas, incluindo as viv?ncias e as opini?es sobre o tema. Foram selecionados 24 blogs, e analisados os dados referentes ? classifica??o dos blogs, ao enquadramento do conte?do das mensagens, assim como do conte?do da interatividade, atrav?s da An?lise de Conte?do proposta por Bardin. A ?ltima se??o cont?m o segundo estudo desta tese que teve como objetivo conhecer os relacionamentos conjugais entre pessoas do mesmo sexo na sua profundidade, descrevendo as viv?ncias desses casais, atrav?s de entrevistas com casais formados por pessoas do mesmo sexo. Desenvolvemos um estudo qualitativo, com delineamento do tipo explorat?rio e descritivo, atrav?s de entrevistas em profundidade com seis casais, os quais foram escolhidos pelo crit?rio de conveni?ncia. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos a entrevista narrativa, e na interpreta??o utilizamos a metodologia da an?lise de discurso. Como t?cnica de an?lise empregamos o M?todo da Explicita??o do Discurso Subjacente.

Depuis les années 1960, les états européens font face à l’arrivé d’un grand nombre de musulmans dans leurs territoires. l’application de la shari‘a en europe devient, donc, une question centrale.dans les systèmes juridiques européens, le règles islamiques sont appliquées pour des reaisons définies externes et internes. elles coexistent dans les espaces accrédités à la justice alternative connue par l’acronyme adr- alternative dispute resolution.Le recours a la justice privée, au royaume-uni, sous les auspices des normes islamiques, et ses effets en termes géopolitiques, font l’objet de cette recherche.un processus d’institutionalisation des procedures adr conformément aux normes islamiques a lieu au royaume-uni. institutions islamiques adr se présentent, agissent et sont perçues en tant que tribunaux de justice islamique. du coup, dans le débat elles sont appelées sharia courts. en revanche, ce travail de thèse n’utilise pas l’expression pour indiquer l’offre entière de justice islamique au royaume-uni. elle se réfère a des institutions islamiques qui ont des caractéristiques précises.quand ces organismes dépassent les limitis imposées par le droit interne, on assiste à un conflit de juridiction, au sens geopolitique, où l’offre de justice des tribunaux nationaux est représentée en termes antagonistes à celle des sharia courts. depuis 2008, le conflit continue de croître à travers una série de moments significatifs, de plus en plus d’acteurs et de représentations.ce qui ressort de l’analyse menée est une application du droit islamique par les sharia courts qui cause un changement entre les systèmes de valeurs concernées en direction d’un éloignement entre eux-ci. / SINCE THE 1960s, EUROPEAN STATES ARE CONFRONTED WITH THE ARRIVAL OF A GROWING NUMBER OF MUSLIMS. ACCORDINGLY, THE APPLICATION OF SHARI‘A LAW IN EUROPE WAS MEANT TO BE A CENTRAL ISSUE.IN EUROPEAN LEGAL SYSTEMS ISLAMIC RULES APPLY FOR BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL REASONS. THEY COEXIST ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER AS THE STATE MAKES ROOM FOR THE OPTIONAL CIVIL LAW. THIS IS THE CASE WITH THE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RELOSUTION, BEST KNOWN BY THE ACRONYM ADR.ADR ENABLES PARTIES TO CHOOSE THE APPLICABLE LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE REQUIREMENTS LAID DOWN IN LAW ARE MET. THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC ADR IN BRITAIN AND ITS GEOPOLITICAL EFFECTS IS THE TOPIC OF THIS RESEARCH.A PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ISLAMIC ADR HAS BEEN TAKING PLACE IN BRITAIN SINCE THE 1980s. ISLAMIC ADR INSTITUTIONS ACT AS COURTS OF JUSTICE. FURTHERMORE, THEY ARE PERCEIVED AS SUCH BY BOTH MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES. INDEED, THEY ARE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS SHARIA COURTS. IN CONTRAST, THIS WORK USES THE EXPRESSION ‘SHARIA COURTS’ TO ONLY INDICATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS HAVING SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. WHEN THESE ADR INSTITUTIONS BREAK THE LIMITS SET BY THE LAW, A CONFLICT OF JURISDICTION OCCURS. IT IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN GEOPOLITICAL SENSE, BECAUSE JUSTICE GUARANTEED FROM DOMESTIC COURTS IS DEPICTED AS ANTAGONIST TO THE JUSTICE GIVEN BY SHARIA COURTS.THE CONFLIT STARTED IN 2008 AND HAS CONTINUED TO GROW OVER THE YEARS, BY BRINGING WITH IT THE EMERGENCE OF SEVERAL OPPOSING ACTORS AND REPRESENTATIONS.THE RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN SHOWS THAT THE APPLICATION IF ISLAMIC FAMILY RULES BY SHARIA COURTS CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VALUE SYSTEMS AT STAKE, IN THE DIRECTION OF A MUTUAL DEPARTURE.

Un demi-siècle après la signature du traité de Dunkerque, la France et le Royaume-Uni signèrent, à Saint Malo, une déclaration sur la défense européenne d’une portée historique fondamentale. Cette déclaration fut à l’origine de la mise en œuvre, dans le cadre de l’Union européenne, de la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense, qui fut déclarée « opérationnelle » à l’occasion du sommet de Laeken, en décembre 2001. Acteurs principaux de ce processus, la France et le Royaume-Uni avaient des intérêts essentiels à garantir dans la conduite des négociations européennes et transatlantiques qui aboutirent à ce compromis historique. Sur la base de documents d’archives récemment déclassifiés ou consultés sur dérogation, d’entretiens menés avec des acteurs de premier plan, ou encore des travaux parlementaires publiés sur cette question, cette thèse se propose d’analyser l’évolution des politiques de défense française et britannique, dans leur acception la plus étendue, en amont de ce processus et à compter de la mise en place de la politique étrangère et de sécurité commune, véritable berceau de la PESD, instituée à l’issue de la conférence intergouvernementale de 1991, qui aboutit à l’établissement de l’Union européenne. / Half a century after the Dunkirk treaty, France and the United Kingdom signed in Saint-Malo a declaration on European defence of paramount historic significance. From this declaration originated the implementation, within the frame of the European Union, of the European Security and Defence Policy, which was declared ‘operational’ in December 2001 during the Laeken Summit. As leading parties of this process France and the United Kingdom had essential interests to safeguard in the conducting of the European and transatlantic negotiations which resulted in this historic compromise. Based on archival records which have been either recently released or consulted by special dispensation, on discussions with leading figures of the period or on parliamentary papers about the question, this thesis intends to analyse the evolution of the French and British defence policies in their fullest sense prior to this process and from the enforcement of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, from which originated the ESDP, instituted at the end of the 1991 Intergovernmental Conference which led to the implementation of the European Union.