Quantitative reasoning permeates mathematical thinking, and mathematics education researchers have taken a quantitative reasoning approach to examining and modeling students' mathematical thinking and development in various domains. From this approach, secondary and post-secondary researchers have focused on students' ability to reason about how two quantities vary together (covariational reasoning). However, little is known about how covariational reasoning develops from, or connects with, arithmetic and algebraic reasoning. This study begins to bridge the gap in this knowledge. Originally this study was designed to examine middle grade students' units coordination in covariational reasoning across stages and consider the cognitive limiting factor of working memory. In this case study of Daniel, an advanced Stage 2 middle-grade algebra student, I examined the role his units coordinating structures played in his covariational reasoning in non-graphing and algebra tasks. I considered three main components in covariational reasoning (type of quantity, modality of change, and role of time) when analyzing covariational reasoning and capturing the underlying mental units and actions. I found type of quantity and time were the two biggest factors when determining Daniel's covariational reasoning. Daniel also used his units coordinating structures in various ways in the different covariation tasks, generating three different types of change units that were cognitively structurally different. These findings suggest cognitive connections between the types of units a student assimilates with, and the types of covariational reasoning they engage in, are interconnected and warrant future study. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study examines connections between middle-grade students' arithmetic reasoning and algebraic reasoning in their conceptualization of how two quantities vary together (covariation). I interviewed 6 cognitively diverse middle-grade students to investigate these connections and determine at the level of mental action level the types of quantities and actions students use in covariation. After collecting data on the 6 students and reflecting on the richness of each case, I elected to focus on one student for a fine-grain analysis. From this case study of Daniel, an algebra student, I found he used his arithmetic unit structures in unique ways depending on what quantities a task asked him to work with. I also found that Daniel's use of time as a measured quantity in his covariational reasoning influenced how he conceptualized two quantities changing together.

No / There is substantial interest in detection of human behaviour that may reveal people with deliberate malicious intent, who are engaging in deceit. Technology exists that is able to detect changes in facial patterns of movement and thermal signatures on the face. However, there is data deficiency in the research community for further study. Therefore this project aims to overcome the data deficiency in psychology study and algorithms development. A within-subjects design experiment was conducted, using immigration as a scenario for investigate participants in control and experimental conditions. A random sample of 32 volunteers were recruited, their age group is within 18 - 33. The study design required participants to answer questions on two topics, one as themselves and one as a predefined character. Data regarding visible and thermal images of facial movement and behaviour were collected. A rich FACS-coded database with high quality thermal images was established. Finally, recommendations for development and subsequent implementation of the facial analysis technique were made.

Yes / The mechanical output at the ankle provides key contribution to everyday activities, particularly step/stair ascent and descent. Age-related decline in ankle functioning can lead to an increased risk of falls on steps and stairs. The rising up-on-the-toes (UTT) 30-second test (UTT-30) is used in the clinical assessment of ankle muscle strength/function and endurance; the main outcome being how many repetitive UTT movements are completed. This preliminary study describes how inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to assess the UTT-30. Twenty adults (26.2 ± 7.7 years) performed a UTT-30 at a comfortable speed, with IMUs attached to the dorsal aspect of each foot. Use of IMUs’ angular velocity signal to detect the peak plantarflexion angular velocity (p-fAngVelpeak) associated with each repeated UTT movement indicated the number of UTT movements attempted by each participant. Any UTT movements that were performed with a p-fAngVelpeak 2SD below the mean were deemed to have not been completed over a sufficiently ‘full’ range. Findings highlight that use of IMUs can provide valid assessment of the UTT 30-second test. Their use detected the same number of attempted UTT movements as that observed by a researcher (average difference, -0.1 CI, -0.2 – 0.1), and on average 97.6 ± 3.1% of these movements were deemed to have been completed ‘fully’. We discuss the limitations of our approach for identifying the movements not completed fully, and how assessing the consistency in the magnitude of the repeated p-fAngVelpeak could be undertaken and what this would indicate about UTT-30 performance.

<p> In the field of communications electronic plug-in units operating together form a system. In the event of failure a plug-in unit can easily be replaced by another. Each unit consists of electronic components soldered onto a board in a particular pattern. A component may be either a single electronic part such as a transistor or a combination of single parts such as an integrated circuit. Electronic components with similar properties have been grouped into families. This reduces the number of parameters to be estimated from the observations available.</p> <p> The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the failure rates of component families. The number of unit failures and the number of units in use observed during measured periods of time and the component family makeup of the observed units are used to make the estimates.</p> <p> The probability of an electronic component from a given component from a given family being acceptable after the production process will be referred to as the component yield for that family. Similarly, the probability of a given type of unit being acceptable after the production process will be referred to as the yield for that type of unit. By taking the logarithms of the yields, the estimation problem can be reduced to the linear problem of estimating logarithms of component family yields. Using unit yields, the total number of each type of unit produced, and the component family makeup of those units produced, component family yields are estimated. The method of maximum likelihood is applied directly to the data and the method of weighted least squares is applied to the linearized problem.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24968号 / 医博第5022号 / 新制||医||1069(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 江木 盛時 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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<p>An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of repairing and retrofitting the intersections of flanged concrete block shear walls using surface-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates for seismic load applications. A total of 18 specially designed flange-web intersecting wall assemblages were tested using 5 different schemes. Tests included wall intersections reinforced with unidirectional FRP with the fibers oriented perpendicular to loading direction (90°), parallel to loading direction (0°) and bi-directional (90°/0°), (90°/0°)2 and (45°/135°) to applied load direction. The behaviour of each wall specimen is discussed with respect to its failure mode, strength and deformation characteristics. Results showed that the laminates significantly increased the shear strength of concrete block shear walls junction. In addition, the fiber orientation influenced the failure mode, strength and stiffness. Moreover, depending on the fiber orientation, a significant enhancement to the post-peak load energy absorption capacity of the web-flange intersection can occur. The improved post-peak behaviour addressed the benefits of retrofitting concrete block wall intersections for seismic load applications. The FRP-retrofitted specimens were capable of reaching between 90% to 390% increase in strength compared to the umetrofitted specimen constructed with traditional steel joint reinforcement.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)