During recent decades, urban transport systems in Southeast Asia’s industrialising high growth economies were transformed. The ownership and use of privatelyowned cars and motorcycles grew in all cities, simultaneous to the introduction of new forms of public transportation including rail rapid transit in the larger metropolises. While these cities all experienced dynamic change, the relative rate and direction of the changes to urban transport systems varied greatly as did levels of success. Singapore emerged as a highly efficient transit metropolis whilst Bangkok and other cities gained notoriety as some of the world’s great traffic disasters. Why these differences emerged, particularly given a regional and global context of increasing interaction and exchange of ideas and of capital flows, presents a compelling question largely unanswered by previous research. A review of the general state of knowledge about urban transport worldwide reveals fundamental disagreements over basic questions such as the social value of motorisation, the relative merits of specific modes and technologies, and prescriptions for change. However, there is a general consensus that interest groups or rent-seekers influence urban transport, which can not be understand in solely technical or value-free terms. A literature review focused on Southeast Asian cities finds that in contrast to theoretical perspectives on cities of the industrialised world, there is less acknowledgement of interests and values and more emphasis on instrumental knowledge which can be used to address immediate problems such as rapid growth in motorisation, traffic congestion, and pollution. Questions such as who wins and who loses from changes to urban transport systems are not systematically examined in the existing literature on Southeast Asian cities. In order to address this gap, a case study analysis of three key cities, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and Singapore is undertaken. This analysis utilises policy and planning documents, monographs and academic works, newspapers and archival materials, discussions with key informants, and participant observation, to reveal the significant actors and processes which shape urban transport. The study finds that the presence or absence of actors and complexions of interests in the development of urban land, urban transport equipment, infrastructure construction and operation, and local environmental improvements are linked to specific urban transport outcomes. The findings provide a basis for future research, particularly in cities of the developing world characterised by economic growth, rapid motorisation of urban transport systems, and substantial inequalities of wealth and power.

Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração Volta Redonda (ppga.uff.vr@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T20:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca do Aterrado BAVR (bavr@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-03-20T23:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T23:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa de Almeida Guimarães.pdf: 2820770 bytes, checksum: 6b12dabde03e54138d69cd9b49753768 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Tradicionalmente, a avaliação de desempenho do setor de transportes direciona seu foco ao aspecto econômico, nem sempre considerando as dimensões ambientais e sociais. Entretanto, em função da possível extensão e magnitude dos impactos decorrentes da atividade de transporte, esta avaliação deveria ser feita considerando critérios de sustentabilidade. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor e aplicar um método que possibilite a avaliação conjunta das dimensões que compõem o conceito de sustentabilidade. A aplicação foi feita para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte urbano de passageiros disponíveis no trecho Rio-Niterói. Verificou-se que a utilização de valores pontuais (e/ou médios) dos indicadores (e/ou medidas) para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte pode conduzir o gestor (público ou privado) a decisões inadequadas, pois deixa de levar em conta as incertezas associadas a cada indicador (e/ou medida) de sustentabilidade. Mesmo a análise de cenários não é capaz de mapear as possibilidades de ocorrência, deixando dúvidas sobre qual alternativa tem a maior probabilidade de registrar um maior nível de sustentabilidade sustentável. Dessa forma, aplicou-se a Simulação de Monte Carlo a fim de verificar quais os possíveis desempenhos registrados pelas alternativas bem como suas probabilidades de ocorrência. Notou-se, por exemplo, que embora o ônibus tenha apresentado um melhor desempenho no cenário referencial, é a barca quem tem a maior probabilidade de registrar performances consideradas adequadas. Além disso, apesar da literatura sobre mobilidade sustentável incentivar a substituição do transporte individual pelo coletivo, o automóvel a etanol demonstrou que poderia apresentar, com baixa probabilidade, o melhor desempenho dentre todas as alternativas. Destaca-se, também, que o automóvel a gasolina, opção mais utilizada no trecho em estudo, embora tenha maior probabilidade de ter desempenhos superiores à motocicleta, registrou o pior índice de sustentabilidade possível entre todas as alternativas. Por fim, foi possível observar que a medida que mais influencia o desempenho das alternativas de transporte individual é o custo, enquanto a mais relevante para as alternativas coletivas é o tempo de viagem. Esta constatação pode auxiliar o gestor na decisão sobre que ações deveriam ser tomadas para aprimorar o desempenho do sistema de transporte, tornando-o mais sustentável. Dessa forma, verifica-se que o método proposto pode ser considerado útil apoio a decisão, auxiliando no direcionamento das políticas governamentais no setor de transporte e no gerenciamento das empresas operadoras. / Traditionally, the performance assessment in transport sector is focused in the economic aspect, not always considering environmental and social dimensions. Although, due to the possible extent and magnitude of the impacts related to transport activities, this assessment should be done considering sustainability criteria. Therefore, this study aims to propose and apply a method that allows the joint evaluation of the dimensions that compose the sustainability concept. The application evaluates the performance of the urban passenger transport alternatives available in Rio-Niterói route. We verified that the use of specific (and/or average) values of the indicators (and/or measures) to assess the performance of the transport alternatives can lead the managers (public and privates) to inappropriate decisions, because do not consider the uncertainty associated to each indicator (and/or measure) of sustainability. Even the scenario analysis is not able to map the probabilities of occurrence, leaving doubts about which alternative is more likely to have a higher level of sustainability. Thereby, we applied the Monte Carlo Simulation in order to verify the possible performance of each alternative as well as its probability of occurrence. We noted that, for instance, although the bus had the best performance in the reference scenario, the ferry is the alternative with higher probability of reaching the performances considered adequate. Besides, despite the literature of sustainable mobility encourages the replacement of the individual transport to the collective, the car by ethanol demonstrated that could reach, with low probability, the best performance among all the alternatives. We also highlight that the car by gasoline, alternative used the most in the route under assessment, is more likely to have better performance levels than motorcycle. Nevertheless, the car had the worst performance level, among all the alternatives. Lastly, we found that the "cost" is the measure that most influence the performance of individual alternatives while "time of travel" is the most relevant to the collective ones. These findings could help managers to decide on what actions should be taken to improve the performance of the transport system, making it more sustainable. Therefore, the proposed method could be considered useful in the decision support, assisting in the leading of government policies in the transport sector and in the management of the operating companies.

In this work, the current state and prospects of development of urban passenger transport in the operating conditions of the city of Yekaterinburg of the Sverdlovsk region are investigated and analyzed. The analysis and evaluation of the management and organization of passenger traffic to urban passenger transport in the city of Yekaterinburg. The solution of the problem of dispatching control and organization of passenger traffic in the urban cycle by mathematical modeling and optimization is considered. A General view of the simulation model of the automated system of urban passenger transport management by levels is developed. It also proposes the structure of management and organization of urban passenger transport. / В данной работе исследована и проанализирована современное состояние и перспективы развитие городского пассажирского транспорта в условиях эксплуатации города Екатеринбург Свердловской области. Изложена анализ и оценка эффективности управления и организации пассажиропотока городским пассажирским транспортам в городе Екатеринбург. Рассмотрена решение проблемы диспетчеризации управления и организации пассажирских перевозок в городском цикле математическим методом моделирования и оптимизации. Разработан общий вид имитационной модели автоматизированной системы управлении городского пассажирского транспорта по уровням. А также предлагается структура управления и организации городского пассажирского транспорта.