Due to fast-paced technological disruptions and diversifying users, user experience (UX) professionals are experiencing a flood of new UX methods and a need for continuous learning. Literature has shown that with a lack of understanding, UX practice research has designed too abstract UX methods making them hard to understand and to apply. With a thematic analysis of an interview with 13 UX professionals, this study presents results on how UX professionals choose UX methods and insights into their lifelong learning. The results from the thematic analysis agree that UX methods are hard to integrate into Agile, too complicated, take too much time to learn, and colleagues have shown to be an essential component for learning. These findings indicate that UX methods might work better if they are designed less complicated and deliver results quicker following the design of Scrum. Also, companies could use novel ideas to ease the access to users and to learn, e.g., lunch lectures.

Les politiques de réduction de production de CO2 dans les transports et les progrès techniques, comme l’augmentation des capacités des batteries des voitures électriques, ont ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour la voiture électrique. De plus, les institutions publiques et groupes privés se sont engagés pour inciter et accompagner du déploiement de la voiture électrique. Malgré ce contexte propice, celui-ci peine à dépasser la barre de 1,07% de part de marché des véhicules légers en France. Cette thèse prend le parti d’étudier le sujet du déploiement de la voiture électrique par les entrées « Usage» et « Innovation ». Autrement dit, comment le processus de la construction de l’usage peut-il dialoguer avec le processus d’innovation ? Après avoir éclairé le contexte de l’usager de la voiture par une représentation de son écosystème, nous proposons une méthodologie (RUI) qui sera en capacité de capter, capitaliser et évaluer les trois connaissances (les Représentations (R) -avant usage-, les Utilisations (U) -pendant usage- et les Instrumentalisations (I) -usage sur le long terme-) constitutives de la construction de l’usage chez un individu. L’analyse de ces connaissances permettra de préciser les freins et leviers à l’émergence de la voiture électrique et les conditions dans lesquelles ils agissent. Elle permettra aussi d’identifier les acteurs concernés par les blocages à l’usage de la voiture électrique. Ainsi, nous proposons les éléments constitutifs à l’élaboration de scénarios du déploiement de la voiture électrique sur le territoire du Sillon Lorrain / Reducing CO2 production policies in transport and technical progress, such as electric-car batteries increase in capacity, have opened up new prospects for electric-car. Furthermore, public institutions and private groups have engaged in encouraging and accompanying electric-car deployment. Despite this favourable context for the electric vehicle development, electric-car does not exceed 1.07% of the market share of vehicles in France. This thesis studies the subject of the electric-car deployment by Usage and Innovation inputs. In other words, how the constructing use process could dialogue with the innovation process? We have formalized car’s user context by an ecosystemic representation. Then, we propose a methodology (RUI) which will be able to capture, capitalize and evaluate the three knowledges Representations (R) -before use-, Uses (U) -during use- and Instrumentalizations (I) - long-term use- constitutive of an indidividual use construction. Knowledge analysis will identify brakes and levers of electric-car emergence and conditions within they operate. It permits also to identify actors concerned by the identified use blockages. Thus, we offer the elements to develop electric-car deployment scenarios in the Sillon Lorrain territory

The purpose of this study is to find out if the gap between theory and practice is also visible in the Swedish design industry and how the gap could then be reduced. Previous research describes a lack of UX (User eXperience) work in design processes and a study has therefore been conducted with the aim to formalize guidelines for how companies, which do not include UX and users in their design processes, should develop their UX work in order to offer better artifacts. The results of the study shows that the majority of designers have UX as a design approach. Designers in the industry often know what UX means and why it is important but seems to find it hard to make customers realize the value of the UX work, which force designers to use UX as a way of thinking instead of the way of working. The results of the study presents new guidelines that companies can use to develop their UX maturity and work which is necessary for survival. We can make several conclusions from the result. UX is necessary to deliver high quality products and services to users but restricted by the customers motivation, time requirements and financial resources. Because of that, designers must have rhetorical knowledge and be able to shape and function communication that leads the client to understand the value of UX. If design companies do not involve UX in their design processes, possibly through user tests and demonstrations, the company's risk to losing important competitive advantages. This study provides a good basis for further research in the subject. The study ends with recommendations until further work on topics that were to be done for this study. / Syftet med denna studien är att ta reda på om klyftan mellan teori och praktik även syns i den svenska designbranschen och hur klyftan i så fall skulle kunna minskas. Tidigare forskning beskriver en avsaknad av UX-arbete (User eXperience) i designprocesser och en studie har därför genomförts med målsättningen att kunna formalisera riktlinjer för hur företag, som inte inkluderar UX och slutanvändare i sina designprocesser ska utveckla sitt UX-arbete för att kunna erbjuda bättre artefakter. Resultatet från studien visar att majoriteten av designers har UX som förhållningssätt inom design. Designers i branschen vet oftast vad UX är och varför det är viktigt men upplever att det är svårt att få beställaren inse värdet av UX-arbetet, vilket gör att designers tvingas använda UX som tankesätt istället för arbetssätt. Vid intervjuerna framkom det riktlinjer som företag kan använda sig av för att börja med UX. Från resultatet kan vi dra flera slutsatser. UX är nödvändigt för att kunna leverera artefakter med hög kvalitet och värde för användarna men begränsas av beställarens tidskrav och ekonomiska resurser. Designern behöver ha retoriska kunskaper och kunna forma en fungerande kommunikation som leder till att klienten förstår värdet av UX. Om designföretag inte involverar UX i sina designprocesser, förslagsvis genom användartester och demonstrationer, riskerar företagen att tappa viktiga konkurrensfördelar. Denna studie skapar en bra grund för vidare forskning inom ämnet. Studien avslutas med rekommendationer till fortsatt arbete, kring ämnen som var för omfattande för att ta upp i denna studie.