A tecnologia, na sua evolução e transformação, influencia novos desdobramentos da técnica, dos processos e de aplicações, não somente na indústria, mas, também, em processos sociais e culturais. Salienta-se o uso de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação na Educação, Engenharia e de modelos da Computação Afetiva como recurso de ação mediadora para promoção do ser humano social. Neste contexto, a presente Tese desenvolveu, à luz da Teoria Sócio-Histórica, uma Plataforma Educacional Assistiva capaz de possibilitar a promoção do estado afetivo de interesse em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O TEA leva a uma condição de déficit no desenvolvimento, em escala de manifestação, nos domínios comportamental, comunicativo e ou cognitivo. O déficit de “atenção conjunta”, de reciprocidade emocional, de interesse, e prejuízo qualitativo na comunicação verbal e não verbal são características mencionadas largamente na literatura. Para “compensar” esse gap, o professor (assim como pais e terapeutas) precisa enfrentar o desafio de projetar estratégias de interação que possam promover cenas de atenção conjunta. Além disso, segundo dados do censo de educação básica de 2015, das quase 8 milhões de matrículas na Educação Infantil, cerca de 900 mil são para Educação Especial, sendo 700 mil no Ensino Fundamental e o preocupante afunilamento para 30 mil no 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Esses números reafirmam a importância da inclusão social e acredita-se que este decréscimo esteja relacionado à necessidade de um apoio tecnológico contextualizado nas atividades comunicativas e de atenção conjunta A metodologia de pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, e utilizou o método de estudo de caso, de múltiplos casos. A atividade educativa foi desenvolvida por meio da contação de história infantil e uso de recurso tecnológico, dispositivo robótico, de ação mediadora, denominado de Fantoche Eletrônico, especialmente projetado para esta investigação. A práxis teve como base sociocognitiva as três etapas de intenção comunicativa da aquisição da linguagem proposta por Tomasello e de indicadores para a análise do estado afetivo de interesse. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumentos de entrevistas e observação sob a contação de quatro histórias infantil para quatro estudantes com autismo do 7º e 8º anos do ensino fundamental, totalizando 16 casos. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do Fantoche Eletrônico promoveu mais de 80% de cenas de atenção conjunta, e um aumento, de três casos positivos com fantoche não eletrônico para quase 10 com o Fantoche Eletrônico, representado um ganho de mais de 200%. Além disso, 83% dos casos apresentaram indicativo positivo de estado afetivo de interesse. A Plataforma Educacional Assistiva foi denominada de Asistranto, assistência em Esperanto, e se mostrou adequada para o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades acadêmicas com o objetivo de incluir estudantes com autismo em espaços escolares. / Technology, in its evolution and transformation, influences new developments in the techniques, processes and applications, not only in industry, but also in social and cultural processes. The use of Information Technology and Communication in Education, Engineering and Affective Computing models as a resource of mediating action to promote the social human being. In this context, the present developed, in the light of Socio-Historical Theory, an Assistive Educational Platform capable of to promote the affective state of interest in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) of the initial years of Elementary School. The ASD leads to a condition of development, demonstration scale, behavioral, communicative and or cognitive. The deficit of "joint attention", emotional reciprocity, of interest, and qualitative impairment in verbal and non-verbal communication verbal characteristics are widely mentioned in the literature. To "compensate" this gap, the teacher (as well as parents and therapists) must face the challenge of designing interaction strategies that can promote scenes of joint attention. Besides that, according to data from the 2015 basic education census, of the almost 8 million enrollments in the Education, about 900 thousand are for Special Education, of which 700 thousand are Elementary School and the worrying bottleneck for 30 thousand in the first year of high school. Those reaffirm the importance of social inclusion and it is believed that this related to the need for technological support contextualized in the activities communicative and joint attention. The research methodology is qualitative in nature, and used multiple cases study technique The educational activity was developed through the account of children's history and the use of technological resources, device robotic, of mediating action, denominated of Electronic Puppet, specially designed for this research. The praxis was based on sociocognitive three stages of communicative intention of language acquisition proposed by Tomasello and of indicators for the analysis of the affective state of interest. The data were collected by medium of instruments of interviews and observation under the account of four children's stories for four students with autism in the 7th and 8th years of elementary school, totaling 16 cases. The results showed that the use of the Electronic Puppet promoted more than 80% of scenes of joint attention, and an increase, of three positive cases with non-electronic puppet for almost 10 with the Electronic Puppet, represented a gain of over 200%. In addition, 83% of the cases presented positive indicative affective status of interest. The Assistive Educational Platform was denominated Asistranto, assistance in Esperanto, and proved adequate for the development of different activities with the aim of including students with autism in school settings.

L'apparition des Systèmes d'Information ubiquitaires ou pervasifs est issue de l'émergence de nouvelles technologies fournissant au système une vision de son environnement, de l'environnement de ses utilisateurs ainsi que de leurs profils. Grâce à ces données formant le contexte de l'application, il est possible de fournir des services personnalisés, pertinents et ciblés. Mais, le problème qui se pose à ce niveau concerne le degré d'adaptation, de prise de décision à la place de l'utilisateur et de l'identification des données contextuelles nécessaires et suffisantes pour ces services. Ceci est dû à un déséquilibre entre les avancées des technologies et de leurs applications (qui reçoivent un grand intérêt de la part de la recherche et de l'industrie) et les méthodes et démarches de développement et d'ingénierie spécifiques aux systèmes ubiquitaires. Notre objectif dans ce travail de thèse est de proposer une méthode d'ingénierie des SI ubiquitaires en considérant les différentes exigences reliées à la nature mobile et grande échelle de ces systèmes. Cette méthode est basée sur une démarche de développement qui fait usage d'un ensemble de métamodèles et de langages génériques favorisant la spécification complète de ces systèmes. Cette démarche sépare les spécifications fonctionnelles, techniques et ubiquitaires. Les spécifications ubiquitaires permettent de définir des modèles structurels et événementiels du contexte respectant les exigences des utilisateurs et les contraintes de sécurité et supportant les fonctionnalités d'adaptation et de sensibilité au contexte. Cette approche orientée évènements est consolidée par l'adoption d'une architecture de traitement des évènements. Notre démarche E-CARe est une intégration des spécifications ubiquitaires dans une démarche classique de conception des SI pour garantir la couverture des spécifications fonctionnelles et techniques. Les applications d'assistance représentent un cas d'étude idéal pour cette démarche qui s'intéresse au domaine des transports, fortement dépendant de l'environnement et des évènements ambiants. / Ubiquitous Information Systems appeared as a consequence to emerging and evolving communication and mobile technologies providing the system with information on its environment, the environment of its users and their profiles. These data constitute the application context and are used to provide personalized, targeted and relevant services. However, ubiquitous services face some difficulties and challenges concerning specially needed contextual data, adaptation degree and computerized decision making. This is due to the gap between advanced ubiquitous services and their applications, and methods and processes for developing and engineering ubiquitous systems. Our goal in this thesis is to propose an engineering method for ubiquitous Information Systems considering different requirements resulting from the mobile and high scalable nature of these systems. The proposed method is based on a development process and a set of generic metamodels and languages facilitating a complete system specification and implementation. The proposed process separates functional, technical and ubiquitous specifications. Ubiquitous specifications enable the structural and event based context models definition while considering user requirements and security requirements. Adaptation and context awareness functionalities are supported by structural and dynamic context models. The proposed event oriented approach is enhanced by the adoption of an event processing architecture. Ubiquitous specifications are integrated into a classical information systems engineering process to constitute the E-CARe process including functional and technical specifications. Our propositions are used to design a user assistance application in the transport domain, highly dependent on the ambient environment and events.

A tecnologia, na sua evolução e transformação, influencia novos desdobramentos da técnica, dos processos e de aplicações, não somente na indústria, mas, também, em processos sociais e culturais. Salienta-se o uso de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação na Educação, Engenharia e de modelos da Computação Afetiva como recurso de ação mediadora para promoção do ser humano social. Neste contexto, a presente Tese desenvolveu, à luz da Teoria Sócio-Histórica, uma Plataforma Educacional Assistiva capaz de possibilitar a promoção do estado afetivo de interesse em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O TEA leva a uma condição de déficit no desenvolvimento, em escala de manifestação, nos domínios comportamental, comunicativo e ou cognitivo. O déficit de “atenção conjunta”, de reciprocidade emocional, de interesse, e prejuízo qualitativo na comunicação verbal e não verbal são características mencionadas largamente na literatura. Para “compensar” esse gap, o professor (assim como pais e terapeutas) precisa enfrentar o desafio de projetar estratégias de interação que possam promover cenas de atenção conjunta. Além disso, segundo dados do censo de educação básica de 2015, das quase 8 milhões de matrículas na Educação Infantil, cerca de 900 mil são para Educação Especial, sendo 700 mil no Ensino Fundamental e o preocupante afunilamento para 30 mil no 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Esses números reafirmam a importância da inclusão social e acredita-se que este decréscimo esteja relacionado à necessidade de um apoio tecnológico contextualizado nas atividades comunicativas e de atenção conjunta A metodologia de pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, e utilizou o método de estudo de caso, de múltiplos casos. A atividade educativa foi desenvolvida por meio da contação de história infantil e uso de recurso tecnológico, dispositivo robótico, de ação mediadora, denominado de Fantoche Eletrônico, especialmente projetado para esta investigação. A práxis teve como base sociocognitiva as três etapas de intenção comunicativa da aquisição da linguagem proposta por Tomasello e de indicadores para a análise do estado afetivo de interesse. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumentos de entrevistas e observação sob a contação de quatro histórias infantil para quatro estudantes com autismo do 7º e 8º anos do ensino fundamental, totalizando 16 casos. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do Fantoche Eletrônico promoveu mais de 80% de cenas de atenção conjunta, e um aumento, de três casos positivos com fantoche não eletrônico para quase 10 com o Fantoche Eletrônico, representado um ganho de mais de 200%. Além disso, 83% dos casos apresentaram indicativo positivo de estado afetivo de interesse. A Plataforma Educacional Assistiva foi denominada de Asistranto, assistência em Esperanto, e se mostrou adequada para o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades acadêmicas com o objetivo de incluir estudantes com autismo em espaços escolares. / Technology, in its evolution and transformation, influences new developments in the techniques, processes and applications, not only in industry, but also in social and cultural processes. The use of Information Technology and Communication in Education, Engineering and Affective Computing models as a resource of mediating action to promote the social human being. In this context, the present developed, in the light of Socio-Historical Theory, an Assistive Educational Platform capable of to promote the affective state of interest in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) of the initial years of Elementary School. The ASD leads to a condition of development, demonstration scale, behavioral, communicative and or cognitive. The deficit of "joint attention", emotional reciprocity, of interest, and qualitative impairment in verbal and non-verbal communication verbal characteristics are widely mentioned in the literature. To "compensate" this gap, the teacher (as well as parents and therapists) must face the challenge of designing interaction strategies that can promote scenes of joint attention. Besides that, according to data from the 2015 basic education census, of the almost 8 million enrollments in the Education, about 900 thousand are for Special Education, of which 700 thousand are Elementary School and the worrying bottleneck for 30 thousand in the first year of high school. Those reaffirm the importance of social inclusion and it is believed that this related to the need for technological support contextualized in the activities communicative and joint attention. The research methodology is qualitative in nature, and used multiple cases study technique The educational activity was developed through the account of children's history and the use of technological resources, device robotic, of mediating action, denominated of Electronic Puppet, specially designed for this research. The praxis was based on sociocognitive three stages of communicative intention of language acquisition proposed by Tomasello and of indicators for the analysis of the affective state of interest. The data were collected by medium of instruments of interviews and observation under the account of four children's stories for four students with autism in the 7th and 8th years of elementary school, totaling 16 cases. The results showed that the use of the Electronic Puppet promoted more than 80% of scenes of joint attention, and an increase, of three positive cases with non-electronic puppet for almost 10 with the Electronic Puppet, represented a gain of over 200%. In addition, 83% of the cases presented positive indicative affective status of interest. The Assistive Educational Platform was denominated Asistranto, assistance in Esperanto, and proved adequate for the development of different activities with the aim of including students with autism in school settings.

O presente trabalho apresenta o resultado de um estudo comparando o uso de técnicas de aprendizado de máquina na adaptação dinâmica de vídeo. O sistema utiliza informações de contexto, como as características de um dispositivo, preferências do usuário e condições de rede, como entrada de um mecanismo de decisão responsável por encontrar parâmetros de codificação mais adequados ao contexto à geração de um novo fluxo de vídeo dinamicamente personalizado / This work presents the results of a comparative study about machine learning techniques used in dynamic video adaptation. The system uses contextual information, such as devices? characteristics, user?s preferences and network condition as an input for a decision engine, responsible to find the best encoding parameters to be used during the generation of a new dynamically personalized video stream

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-23T11:22:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriellamartinsdasilvapraca.pdf: 459174 bytes, checksum: b0af5f73c33123bd6d83dfa0ec1fff5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:28:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriellamartinsdasilvapraca.pdf: 459174 bytes, checksum: b0af5f73c33123bd6d83dfa0ec1fff5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriellamartinsdasilvapraca.pdf: 459174 bytes, checksum: b0af5f73c33123bd6d83dfa0ec1fff5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O mundo contemporâneo é marcado pela forte presença da informática nas mais diversas esferas da vida. Como elemento embutido em sistemas sociais, econômicos e culturais, o software interfere na maneira como os indivíduos se relacionam entre si, consigo próprios e com o meio à sua volta. Nesse sentido, a computação ubíqua tem desafiado a pesquisa em tecnologias da comunicação a repensar muitas das tradicionais definições na área – a começar pela própria mídia. Os atuais programas computacionais de criação e edição de conteúdo propiciam a hibridização entre distintos formatos, linguagens e estéticas, originando novas espécies midiáticas. Também têm se tornado cada vez mais fluidas, ou mesmo inexistentes, as fronteiras entre usuário e produtor de conteúdo, homens e máquinas, espaço “físico” e dimensão “virtual”. Além disso, as possibilidades de expansão sensório-cognitiva abertas pelas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação têm instigado o questionamento do próprio conceito de “ser humano”. Este trabalho discute algumas das transformações sociais provocadas pela computação ubíqua, a partir da perspectiva dos software studies. O aplicativo para smartphones Foursquare foi objeto de estudo empírico, feito a partir de entrevistas com usuários do serviço. Na abordagem, foram discutidas questões como exploração do espaço físico a partir de dispositivos móveis de comunicação, interação entre usuários, recomendações publicadas na rede e gamificação. Os resultados apontam para um cenário no qual as pessoas não apenas elegem quais mídias consumir, mas personalizam o uso das ferramentas disponíveis, de forma a conferir-lhe utilidade única e individualizada. / Information technology is present in many different areas of contemporary life. As embedded part of social, economic and cultural systems, software influences the way people interact with each other and with the environment. Ubiquitous computing has challenged the research in communication technologies to rethink many of the traditional definitions in the area. Computer programs for content creating and editing provide the hybridization between different formats, languages and aesthetics, what engenders new media species. The boundaries between user and producer of content, men and machines, 'physical' space and "virtual" dimension have also become increasingly fluid, or even nonexistent. Furthermore, the possibilities of sensory-cognitive expansion offered by communication technologies have led researchers to question even the concept of "human being." This work discusses some of the social changes brought about by ubiquitous computing, from the perspective of software studies. The application for smartphones Foursquare was the subject of an empirical study, done from interviews with its users. In the approach, issues such as space exploration from mobile communication devices, interaction between users, recommendations on the internet and gamification were discussed. The results point to a reality in which people not only choose which kinds of media they want to consume, but customize the use of the tools available, in order to give them an unique and personalized utility.

Military work-practice is a difficult area of research where paper-based approaches are still extended. This thesis proposes a solution which permits the digitalization of information at the same time as workpractice remains unaltered for soldiers working with maps in the field. For this purpose, a mobile interactive paper-based platform has been developed which permits the users to maintain their current work-flow. The premise of the solution parts from a system consisting of a prepared paper-map, a cellular phone, a desktop computer, and a digital pen with bluetooth connection. The underlying idea is to permit soldiers to take advantage of the information a computerized system can offer, at the same time as the overhead it incurs is minimized. On one hand this implies that the solution must be light-weight, on the other it must retain current working procedures as far as possible. The desktop computer is used to develop new paper-driven applications through the application provided in the development framework, thus allowing the tailoring of applications to the changing needs of military operations. One major component in the application suite is a symbol recognizer which is capable of recognizing symbols parting from a template which can be created in one of the applications. This component permits the digitalization of information in the battlefield by drawing on the paper-map. The proposed solution has been found to be viable, but still there is a need for further development. Furthermore, there is a need to adapt the existing hardware to the requirements of the military to make it usable in a real-world situation.

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit User Innovation Toolkits für situationsbezogene Dienste. Während User Innovation Toolkits Endnutzern erlauben, mobile Dienste selbst zu gestalten, haben situationsbezogene Dienste die Fähigkeit, sich an die Bedürfnisse des Nutzers und die Nutzungssituation anzupassen. Aufbauend auf einer empirischen Studie konnten drei wesentliche Herausforderungen der mobilen Telekommunikationsbranche identifiziert werden: Erstens, sind die Bedürfnisse von Nutzern mobiler Dienste hochgradig heterogen und ändern sich laufend. Zweitens, mangelt es an Geschäftsmodellen, um von dem wachsenden Markt zu profitieren. Schließlich sind technologische Probleme hinsichtlich adaptierbarer und lernfähiger Informationssysteme zu lösen. Die Untersuchung der theoretischen Grundlagen fokussierte vor allem auf den Transfer von Kundenwissen, der Wissensemergenz und der Situationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen. Im Rahmen der Aktionsforschung konnte gemeinsam mit Fachexperten ein Ökonomisch sinnvolles generisches Geschäftsmodell für User Innovation Toolkits konzipiert und evaluiert, ein neues Vorgehensmodell zur Anforderungsanalyse generiert und die Informationsarchitektur zur Realisierung situationsbezogener Dienste modelliert werden. Die Synthese stellt den Prototyp eines User Innovation Toolkits für situationsbezogene Dienste dar. (Autorenref.)

Humans live in physical world and perform activities that are physical, natural and biological. But humans are forced to shift explicitly from physical world to virtual world and vice-versa in performing computer aided physical activities. The research reported here is investigating: How implicit human-computer interaction can be used as a means to bridge the gap between physical world and virtual world. An agent-centric approach is introduced to extend ubiquitous computing to unlimited geographical space and a framework for implicit human-computer interaction is also discussed. The benefits of standardized ontologies are used as a base upon which this framework is built. This semantic approach together with agent-centric approach is discussed to visualize the visions of implicit Human-Computer Interaction (i-HCI). / PHYVIR project

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Every year the queues in hospitals publics and privates grows due to, among others, the increasing of the world population and the delay in the patients service. This is a serious problem faced by administrators of hospitals which believe that it is increasingly difficult to offer services of quality to those who search for them. One of the ways to decrease these queues is through the development of homecare systems that allow the patient to receive the clinic treatment directly in his house. The development of these kind of systems would help to decrease the queues and consequently, would improve the attendance of those who goes to the hospitals looking for assistance. Considering this, this work has as main purpose to present the modelling of an architecture of a pervasive system to be applied in homecare environments. The pervasive systems developed from this modelling aim to improve the services provided by healthcare professionals in the treatment of patients that are located in their houses. The architecture proposed by the methodology uses concepts of pervasive computing to provide access to information anytime and wherever the user is, once that a homecare environment has a high level of dynamicity of the envolved. The knowledge representation of the homecare environment needed in the modelling of the architecture is made through ontologies due to the possibility of reuse of the information stored, as well as the interoperability of information among different computational devices. To validate the proposed methodology, we present two use cases, which are also used to demonstrate the workflow of the pervasive system of homecare. / A cada ano que passa as filas de hospitais públicos e privados crescem devido, entre outros fatores, ao aumento da população mundial e a demora no atendimento de pacientes. Este é um problema sério enfrentado por administradores de hospitais os quais acreditam ser cada vez mais difícil oferecer um serviço de qualidade a quem os procura. Uma das formas de diminuir estas filas é através do desenvolvimento de sistemas de homecare que possibilitam que o paciente receba um tratamento clínico diretamente em sua casa. O desenvolvimento de sistemas deste tipo ajudaria a diminuir as filas e, consequentemente, iria melhorar o atendimento daqueles que forem até os hospitais a procura de auxílio. Considerando isto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma modelagem para uma arquitetura de um sistema pervasivo para ser aplicado em ambientes de homecare. Os sistemas pervasivos desenvolvidos a partir desta modelagem visam o aprimoramento dos serviços prestados por profissionais da saúde no tratamento de pacientes que encontram-se em suas casas. A metodologia proposta apresenta uma arquitetura que utiliza conceitos de computação pervasiva possibilitando acesso à informação a qualquer hora e independente do lugar onde estejam, uma vez que um ambiente homacare possui um alto grau de dinamicidade dos envolvidos. A representação do conhecimento existente no ambiente homecare necessária para a modelagem da arquitetura é feita através de ontologias devido possibilidadde de reuso das informações ali armazenadas, bem como a interoperabilidade de informações entre diferentes dispositivos computacionais. Para validação da metodologia proposta, são apresentados dois casos de estudos, os quais também são utilizados para demonstração do fluxo de funcionamento do sistema pervasivo de homecare.

Abstract This dissertation seeks to identify and discuss challenges related to the engagement process of multipurpose public displays (MPD) in urban spaces. MPD is a public display concept based on the current emergence of passive public displays, which again is part of the growth of digital signage as a medium for commercial and non-commercial content. MPDs are separated from contemporary public displays by two traits: interactivity and new use cases. Due to these traits, a better understanding of the potential of the MPD concept is needed, and this, in its turn, necessitates both a systematic and a multidisciplinary approach. The investigation on the MPD concept and its related engagement process carried out in this thesis is divided into two phases. First, the theoretical phase is based on an extensive and analytical literature review and results in a theoretical framework based on two contributions: a layered design space for capturing the challenges related to design of MPDs in a systematic way, as well as formulation of a three-phase engagement process to model the engaging of MPDs in practice. These two formalizations facilitate reasoning on different aspects of MPD design, and thus scaffold future designs and deployments. Second, the empirical phase is based on a collection of case studies each of which investigates selected sections of the overall theoretical framework along with serving to illustrate how the sections under investigation operationalize in practice. The overall contribution of this dissertation is thus both to lay out a framework for a wider research area, as well as to raise selected findings as part of the framework through the case studies. The findings derived on the basis of the design space, as well as the engagement process indicate the complexity of the design process for MPDs, even in cases where only the aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI) are considered. They also serve to raise the importance of non-functional issues in real-world MPD deployments, most notably, the mental models embodied by current public displays that citizens implicitly transfer over to MPDs as well. For future designs, careful leveraging of existing practices and mental models is crucial to facilitate the adoption of MPDs and to fully realize their potential as flexible urban computing tools. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja pyrkii tunnistamaan ja analysoimaan monikäyttöisten julkisten näyttöjen (multipurpose public display, MPD) käyttöön liittyviä haasteita. MPD on uusi kaupunkitiloissa olevien julkisten näyttöjen konsepti, joka perustuu nykyisten passiivisten julkisten näyttöjen sekä niissä esitettävän digitaalisen kyltityksen (digital signage) pohjalle. MPD eroaa konseptitasolla nykyisistä julkisista näytöistä pääasiassa kahdella tavalla: interaktiivisuudella sekä uusilla käyttötarkoituksilla. Näistä eroavaisuuksista sekä kaupunkitilojen yleisemmästä luonteesta johtuen MPD-konseptin parempi ymmärrys ja sitä kautta hyödyntäminen tulevaisuudessa edellyttää sekä järjestelmällistä että tieteidenvälistä tutkimusotetta. Tässä työssä tehty tutkimus jakaantuu ylimmällä tasollaan kahteen vaiheeseen. Ensimmäinen teoreettinen vaihe pohjautuu laajaan kirjallisuuskatsaukseen ja kulminoituu teoreettiseen viitekehykseen, joka koostuu kahdesta osasta. Ensimmäinen osa on kerroksittainen suunnitteluavaruus (design space), jossa pyritään MPD-konseptiin liittyvien haasteiden ja mahdollisuuksien kartoittamiseen tutkimuksen nykytila huomioonottaen. Toinen osa on teorisoitu esitys MPD-konseptin käyttöprosessista (engagement process) kaupunkilaisten näkökulmasta koostuen kolmesta osittain limittyvästä vaiheesta. Nämä kaksi teoreettista osaa tarjoavat pohjaa MDP-konseptiin pohjautuvalle suunnittelulle tulevaisuudessa. Toinen empiirinen vaihe rakentuu kolmen tapaustutkimuksen kokoelmasta, jossa jokainen yksittäinen tapaustutkimus pohjautuu tiettyihin esitetyn teorian osa-alueisiin ja näin ollen myös esittelee, miten suunitteluavaruus sekä käyttöprosessin malli voivat realisoitua käytännössä. Työn kontribuutio koostuu siis laajemman teoreettisen kehyksen muodostamisesta sekä tämän kehyksen määrittämässä fokuksessa tehdyistä tapaustutkimuksista. Työssä saavutetut tulokset auttavat hahmottamaan MPD-konseptiin liittyvän suunnittelun kompleksisuutta tilanteissa, joissa on keskitytty pääasiassa ihminen-kone vuorovaikutuksen (human-computer interaction, HCI) tutkimiseen. Tapaustukimukset nostavat esille myös ns. non-funktionaalisten tekijöiden roolin autenttisissa kaupunkitiloissa tapahtuvassa empiirisessä ja konstruktiivisessa tutkimuksessa. Tässä tärkeään rooliin nousevat etenkin niin kutsutut mentaalimallit, joiden kautta kaupunkilaiset hahmottavat MPD-konseptia. Työn tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että MPD-konseptiin pohjautuvassa suunnittelussa tulee korostaa olemassa olevien urbaanien sosiokulttuuristen käytäntöjen roolia. Näin MPD-konseptin käytöstä voidaan tulevaisuudessa saada sujuvampaa ja luontevampaa, ja MPD-konsepti voisi tulevaisuudessa olla keskeisempi osa urbaania sosiokulttuurista rakennetta.