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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

El tema de la tesis es el estudio de las aldeas ugaríticas. Para acercarnos a nuestro objeto de estudio contamos, a falta de investigaciones arqueológicas, con los textos recuperados en la ciudad de Ugarit que contienen referencias más o menos explícitas a las aldeas que formaban parte del reino. Son unos 300 textos, escritos tanto en ugarítico como en acadio, y distribuidos a lo largo de una treintena de archivos. La cronología de la tesis, los siglos del XIV al XII a.n.e., se debe a que la práctica totalidad de los textos hallados en Ugarit pertenecen a esas fechas. La tesis se articula en torno a cuatro grandes ámbitos especialmente relevantes para el conocimiento de la realidad material de las aldeas y con posibilidad de ser estudiados a tenor de la información a nuestro alcance: demografía, subsistencia, especialización funcional e instituciones y formas de gobierno. A cada uno de estos ámbitos se dedica un capítulo. El estudio de la información se ha realizado introduciendo nuevas categorías de análisis: aplicación de criterios demográficos y cuantitativos en el estudio del material textual, lo que ha dotado de una mayor profundidad histórica a nuestro intento de reconstrucción de la imagen de las aldeas ugaríticas.Los principales resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de estos criterios de análisis han sido: - La identificación de un patrón de asentamientos muy característico dentro del reino, con una notable concentración de grandes asentamientos en la mitad suroriental de la región de Lattakia, básicamente en torno a la capital y en la fértil llanura de Gabla; así como de pequeños asentamientos en las regiones de montaña de la periferia del reino. - Completando esta imagen, el análisis de los reclutamientos y corveas conservadas demostraba que los grandes núcleos poblacionales se hallaban precisamente en la llanura de Gabla y alrededor de la capital. De esta manera se confirmaba en Ugarit la tendencia hacia la concentración de la población en las áreas más fértiles y mejor provistas de agua, en detrimento de las regiones más desfavorecidas, proceso que caracterizó el área sirio-cananea durante el Bronce Final.- Finalmente, el estudio de las diferentes formas de especialización funcional confirmaba la sustancial diferenciación regional entre las aldeas del litoral sur y las aldeas de montaña. De manera muy significativa se identificaba la proliferación de grandes talleres metalúrgicos casi exclusivamente en los asentamientos alrededor de la ciudad de Ugarit, talleres relacionados con el palacio, organizados de forma jerárquica y dedicados en exclusiva a esa tarea. Unos asentamientos que participaban también en los circuitos comerciales internacionales, tal y como lo atestiguaba la aparición de cerámica chipriota en Tell Tweini y determinados documentos donde se hacía referencia a la llegada de barcos de Chipre a puertos de aldeas. Finalmente, la ordenación geográfica de la mención de miembros de la aristocracia ugarítica calificados como maryannu circunscribía su presencia a esa misma área. El capítulo de conclusiones lo reservamos a la discusión en torno a los modelos teóricos que hasta la fecha se habían propuesto para interpretar muchos de los datos a los que hemos hecho referencia. El estudio detallado del material relacionado con las aldeas nos ha llevado a defender la esencia del modelo bipartito, confirmado no sólo por el tradicional estudio de los textos llevado a cabo por Liverani y Heltzer, estudio que en nuestra opinión la corriente crítica no ha rebatido de forma satisfactoria, sino gracias también al análisis cuantitativo y geográfico aquí propuesto. / The PhD dissertation focuses on the study of ugaritic villages. Due to the absence of archaeological sources, one is forced to rely on texts recovered in the city of Ugarit, wich contain more or less explicit references to the villages in the kingdom. These are about 300 texts, written either in Ugaritic or Akkadian, distributed along 30 archives. The chronology followed by the study, from the 14th to the 12th century b.C., is a result of the fact that practically all the texts found in Ugarit date from that period.The PhD dissertation is divided into four great areas, particularly relevant to the knowledge of the material reality of the villages, and capable of being studied with the data we have; these areas are: demography, subsistence, funcitional specialization and institutions and modes of government. A chapter is devoted to each of these areas.Data has been studied introducing new categories of analysis: the use of demographic and quantitative criteria to the study of textual material; this has provided our attempt at reconstructing the image of ugaritic villages with more historical insight.The main results gathered from the use od such analysis methods have been the folowing:- The identification of a very characteristic pattern of settlement, with a remarcable concentration of large settlements in the South-Eastern half of the Latakkia region, particularly arround the main city and the fertile plain of Gabla; as well as small settlements in the mountainous regions at the periphery of the kingdom.- Completing this image, the analysis of the personal obligations attested showed that the large population centres were preciselly in the plain of Gabla and arround the main city. So the pattern towards the concentration of population in more fertile and better watered areas, instead of the less favoured regions, a process characterizing the syriocanaanite area during the Late Bronze age, is confirmed in Ugarit.- Finally, the study of the various forms of functional specialization confirmed the substantial regional differentiation between the villages in the South coastal area and those in the mountains. Very significatively, the proliferation of large metal workshops has been attested almost exclusively in the settlements arround Ugarit, workshops related to the palace, hierarchically organized and exclusively devoted to that task. These settlements, moreover, took part in the international commercial flows, as the unearthing of ceramics from Cyprus in Tell Tweini and of various documents where reference was made to the arrival of ships from Cyprus to villages' harbours attest. Finally, the geographic ordering of the naming of members of ugaritic aristocracy such as maryannu, was limited to that very area.The concluding chapter is reserved to the discussion of the theoretical models put forward until today to interpret the data we have mentioned. The detailed study of the materials related to villages has lead us to defend the essence of the bipartite model, confirmed not only by the traditional study of texts overtaken by Liverani and Heltzer, a study not satisfactorilly contested by current criticism, but also by the quantitative and geographical analysis we have applied in our work.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999. / UMI copy contains all five volumes, divided between two parts. Includes bibliographical references (p. 977-1028). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999. / UMI copy contains all five volumes, divided between two parts. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 977-1028).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The purpose of the present enquiry is to give an account of the sacrificial system revealed in these texts. The institution of sacrifice is only one of the many aspects of Semitic religion on which the texts shed much light. A cursory examination of the texts makes it clear that both in the mythological and ritual texts sacrifice occupies a prominent position. It is obviously a complex and highly developed institution with a large specialised vocabulary. Our purpose is to attempt a description of the institution of sacrifice as it is portrayed in the texts – its rites, its significance, and the relation in which it stands to the other Semitic systems of sacrifice, particularly that of the Israelites. Previously little was known positively about the sacrificial system of the Canaanites. It was deduced that it must have borne a general resemblance to that of the other Semitic peoples. How we have abundant first-hand evidence about the Canaanite sacrificial system. Much of the evidence is still obscure, but a great deal admits of no doubt, and its value for comparative Semitic religion can hardly be over-emphasised.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Includes index. "Abkürzungen (bibliographical): p. 261-262.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The conservation of cultural heritage responds to the necessities of understanding the site’s history, developments and key values. Archaeological heritage comprises tangible and intangible evidence so conservation operates equally on the two main domains, archaeology and architecture, which are inseparable and feed each other. Moreover, urban dimension is essentially included where the cultural heritage presents interesting urban settings linked to the architectural and cultural values. This thesis addresses all these important issues with the aim to identify, preserve and present the cultural values of archaeological sites in Syria, which are exceptionally rich in representing most of the Western ancient civilisations. The thesis focuses on the City of Ugarit, the capital of an important Bronze Age civilisation. The thesis aims to establish a poignant conservation concept on different scales, ranging from micro single architectural unit, the house, to the macro scale of the entire city. The study probes the ways of employing archaeology and architecture to produce conservation principles and architectural approaches for identifying, preserving and presenting the site’s cultural values. These procedures expose tangible and intangible values of the city, facilitate strong engagement of the visitors with the archaeological ruins, and simultaneously protect the original fabric from the visitation flux. The study is built upon understanding Ugarit’s archaeology, architecture and even social aspects, combining them in the analysis of each key area (Royal quarters, Domestic areas and Temples) to form well-founded interpretations and prioritise values. The proposal eventually combines all studied areas in a comprehensive narrative, which feeds the urban proposal for the whole city. In understanding the very rich and complex sites in Ugarit, a combination of in situ surveys, systematic recording, extensive analysis of literature and archaeological reports, and architectural reading of the fabric are carried out. This framework is a coherent base for the architectural intervention choices, which attempt to balance preservation implications and new materiality. Building virtual models of the proposed interventions enables the test of volumes, materiality, choices and the overall architectural experience. These models present the proposed interventions together with the original ruins. Therefore, the models are a great vehicle to transmit the reality of the conservation proposal and enhance its perception.