No description available.

Background Although Pressure ulcer is common in high and middle income countries it is rarely researched in low income countries. Evidence based interventions of pressure ulcer prevention are developed but the gap between the evidence and the clinical practice is wide. Aim Describe the nurses‟ knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention at a provincial hospital in Ghana. Design An empirical qualitative approached was used and semi-structured interviews were made with nurses at the Kwahu Governmental Hospital in Atibie, Ghana. A content analysis and a deductive content analysis were used to analyze the material. The evidence based interventions suggested by the North American Nurses Association (NANDA) was used as a theoretical framework. Result / Conclusion The themes Pressure ulcer prevention and Nurses‟ knowledge were found. Most of the evidence based interventions were mentioned by the participants. However, the participants explained massage as a preventive intervention although the evidence advice against massage. The participants did not mention any interventions considering documentation and nutrition. Further the nurses explained that they achieved their knowledge in school by practical demonstrations and examinations. The nurses‟ opinion was that their knowledge is enough to prevent pressure ulcers. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2011</p>

Background: Pressure ulcers are related to reduced quality of life for patients and high costs for health care. Guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention have been available for many years but the problem remains. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate hospital setting factors that are important to the performance of pressure ulcer prevention and to evaluate an intervention focused on implementing evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention. Methods: Four studies with a qualitative and quantitative approach were conducted.  Registered nurses’ performance of pressure ulcer prevention for patients at risk was investigated. Factors related to pressure ulcer prevention at different levels in hospital organizations were examined (hospital and ward type, workload, and nurse staffing) in two hospitals. A quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of an intervention focusing on pressure ulcer prevention and a descriptive study with interviews examined nurses and first-line managers’ experiences of this intervention. Results: All of the studies show that quality improvement was needed for patients at risk of pressure ulcer. Registered nurses attention to pressure ulcer prevention was low and the caring culture of the wards ranged from organized work to unorganized work. Factors related to pressure ulcer prevention were patients’ age (risk and skin assessment) and patients’ risk (skin assessment, pressure reducing mattresses and planned repositioning), type of hospital (university and general), and ward (geriatric, medical, and surgical). Nurse staffing and workload played a minor role. Significantly more patients received pressure ulcer prevention after the intervention. Important factors for improvement were the support nurses and managers received by external and internal facilitators. Another important factor was interpersonal communication on the care provided by the nurses and first-line managers. Conclusion: Quality improvement regarding evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention was needed. Factors associated with pressure ulcer prevention were related to all levels in the hospital settings. A comprehensive intervention showed statistically significant improvement in the care. Interpersonal communication among the staff based on quality measurements was the key factor. Managers from the micro- to the macro-level have to know the conditions for pressure ulcer prevention and, given their position, ensure that the necessary prerequisites are in place.

No description available.

The objectives of this dissertation are to (1) propose a conceptual framework describing the role of water in H. pylori transmission; (2) construct a database of water system and environmental characteristics using a geographic information system (GIS); (3) investigate the prevalence and incidence of H. pylori-related illnesses; and (4) examine the association between water system and environmental variables and H. pylori infection. The setting for this work was the Township of Langley, British Columbia. Based on findings from epidemiological and microbiological studies, a conceptual model of water’s role in H. pylori transmission was developed (Chapter 2). A population-based approach was employed in the construction of the GIS database to assign the risk factors outlined in the model to each Township resident (Chapter 3). Using administrative health services records for H. pylori-related illness, the average annual prevalence of gastric cancer, peptic ulcer disease and gastritis was 20, 450 and 1,777 cases per 100,000 population respectively, and average annual incidence was 13, 268 and 899 cases per 100,000 respectively. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence and incidence of peptic ulcer disease and the incidence of gastritis in the study population over the follow-up period, however, the costs to the health care system remained high (Chapter 4). In a nested case-control study, variables from the GIS database were linked to a database of serological results used to ascertain positive H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection was associated with mixed water source (adjusted OR = 0.63, versus groundwater only) and non-residential land use (adjusted OR=1.58, versus residential) among younger cases (Chapter 5). Odds ratios diminished in the older age groups, suggesting the presence of a cohort effect and that the exposures investigated were most relevant for younger individuals. The findings highlight possible transmission routes, relevant within the Canadian (and North American) context and evidence for public health interventions with regards to water supply and land use. Further, the methodology linked a variety of administrative data to cover all residents of the study area and assigned environmental variables over time, and can serve as a model for other environmental epidemiologic studies.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (MSc.(Chemical Pathology)--Faculty of Health Sciences))-University of Pretoria, 2008. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.

<p>En kvantitativ studie genomfördes som en mindre kartläggning på några orter i Skaraborg. Det framkom i studien att kontinuiteten av vårdpersonal vid behandling av bensår varierar. Kartläggningen genomfördes under en månads tid inom både primärvård och kommuners hemsjukvård. En grupp patienter hade få omläggare medan en annan grupp hade många som lade om bensåret. Nästan alla patienter med bensår i kommunens hemsjukvård hade en patientansvarig sjuksköterska. Av dessa hade en tredjedel träffat sin sjuksköterska under den kartlagda månaden. I primärvården hade drygt hälften av patienterna med bensår en patientansvarig sjuksköterska och majoriteten av dem hade träffat sin patientansvariga sjuksköterska under innevarande månad. Kommunens patienter blev huvudsakligen omlagda av undersköterskor medan primärvårdens patienter blev omlagda av distriktssköterskor och sjuksköterskor.</p> / <p>A quantitative study has been done, carrying out through a small survey in some places in thecounty of Skaraborg. During a month the survey was done in both the primary care and also inthe community care. It was found that the continuity of staff was varying. One sample ofpatients had few nursing staff taking care of the patient’s leg ulcer while another sample ofpatients had many care givers. Almost all patients in the community care had a nurse who wasresponsible for the patient’s leg ulcer. A third of the patients in the community had met theresponsible nurse during the month. At the primary care more than a half of the patients had anurse who was responsible for the patient’s leg ulcer and a majority of them had seen the nurseduring the month. The patients in the community for the most had been taken care of by theassistant nurse who had changed the bandage of the leg ulcer while in primary care, the patientshad been taken care of by a nurse or a district nurse.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available online.