Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

L'objectif principal de ce travail était de mieux comprendre les processus et la dynamique d'érosion des sols sur pentes raides sous culture permanente (café sous arbres d'ombrage).Huit parcelles expérimentales ont été installées dans une plantation de café avec une pente moyenne de 65 % avec Erythrina sp. comme arbre d'ombrage. Le ruissellement superficiel a été mesuré chaque 5 min et collecté pour la mesure de la concentration en sédiments et l'évaluation de l'érosion.La pluviométrie annuelle a été de 2206, 1778 et 2220 mm en 2011, 2012 et 2013 respectivement avec une alternance marquée de saison sèche et saison des pluies. La lame ruisselée totale a été en moyenne de 103, 54 et 33 mm respectivement pour les trois années. La concentration moyenne en sédiments a été d'environ 1.3 g l-1 avec des variations temporelles réduites entre événements pluvieux et entre années. La perte de sol annuelle moyenne a diminué de 1.69 à 0.91 puis 0.58 t ha-1 an-1 de 2011 à 2013. La dynamique temporelle a été analysée à trois échelles de temps : annuel-mensuel, événement et intra-événement. Environ 60% de la pluie et 90% du ruissellement et de l'érosion s'est produit pendant les périodes d'octobre à aout, dont plus de la moitié en octobre. La hauteur de pluie de chaque événement et la teneur en d'eau du sol ont expliqué l'essentiel de la variabilité du ruissellement et de la perte en terre. Le stockage d'eau de sol hérité de l'année précédente a joué un rôle important sur le ruissellement. Un modèle d'infiltration simple (Diskin et Nazimov) a été utilisé pour évaluer la hauteur de ruissellement pendant une pluie.En 2012 quatre traitements ont été appliqués avec deux répétitions chacun : 1. traitement de référence avec renouvellement de mini-terrasses et désherbage manuel ; 2. idem 1 sans renouvellement de mini-terrasses ; 3. idem 1 sauf désherbage avec un herbicide ; 4. idem 1 avec taille réduite des arbres d'ombrage. On a considéré trois périodes : P1 avant application des traitements, P2 les deux mois suivants traitement et P3 l'année suivante (2013). Les différences significatives entre les ratios de traitements/référence pour les trois périodes indiquent une augmentation du ruissellement et de la concentration en sédiments après renouvellement des mini-terrasses avec un effet toujours présent pour P3. Le désherbage avec un herbicide n'a pas montré d'influence claire. Le traitement avec taille réduite des arbres d'ombrage a réduit l'érosion pour les conditions d'humidité de sol > 30 % seulement.Le ruissellement superficiel, la concentration en sédiments et la perte en terre ont été mesurés à l'exutoire d'un petit bassin versant (31 ha, de pente moyenne de 60 %) en 2012 et 2013. Seules les pluies de hauteur supérieure à 5 mm (169 événements) ont produit du ruissellement et l'essentiel des volumes ruisselés a été produit lors des fortes averses (> 40 mm). Les coefficients de ruissellement ont été faibles (0.9 %) aux deux échelles en 2013. Ils ont atteint 2.44 % pour les parcelles et 0.9 % pour le bassin versant en 2013. L'écoulement de base était également faible pour le bassin versant (13-16 % de la pluie totale) avec une grande partie de la pluie (environ 20 %) perdue par percolation. La concentration moyenne en sédiments a été d'environ 1.65 g l-1 à l'échelle de la parcelle avec des valeurs maximales de 5.64 g l-1. La concentration moyenne en sédiments à l'échelle du bassin versant a été de 0.51 g l-1. La perte de sol annuelle a été de 0.73 et 0.36 t ha-1 an-1 à l'échelle parcellaire (tous traitements confondus) pour 2012 et 2013 respectivement et de 0.46 et 1.24 t ha-1 yr-1 à l'échelle du bassin versant pour les mêmes années.Le système caféier étudié a présenté une perte en terre modérée liée à une protection importante de la surface du sol par la végétation. / The main objective of this work was to better understand soil erosion processes and dynamics on steep lands cultivated with a permanent crop (shade coffee).Eight large experimental plots were installed in a 65% average slope coffee plantation with Erythrina sp. as shade tree. The superficial runoff was measured every 5 min. and collected for sediment concentration measurement and soil loss assessment.Rainfall depth was 2206, 1778 and 2220 mm in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively with a marked succession of dry season and rainy season. Total runoff was 103, 54 and 33 mm along those three years. Annual average sediment concentration at plot scale was about 1.3 g l-1 with reduced temporal variations between years or rainfall events. The plots' average annual soil loss (under normal management) decreased from 1.69 to 0.91 and 0.58 t ha-1 from 2011 to 2013. An analysis of the temporal dynamics was performed in three time scales: annual-monthly, event and intra-event. Around 60% of rainfall and 90% of runoff and soil loss occurred each year during the August-October periods and more than half of it in October. Total event rainfall and soil water content explained most of surface runoff and soil loss dynamics, while inherited soil water storage from previous year played an important role on the relationship between rainfall and runoff dynamics the following year. A simple infiltration model (Diskin and Nazimov) was used to estimate runoff during a rainfall event.In 2012 four treatments were applied with two replicates each: no mini-terraces renewal, weed control with herbicide, reduced pruning pressure on shade trees and reference management. Three periods were considered: P1 before treatment application, P2 the next two months afterwards and P3 the year after (2013). The significant differences between treatments/reference ratios for the three periods suggested higher runoff and sediment concentration when mini-terraces were renewed and the effect decreased but was still present in P3. Chemical weed control did not show a clear trend. The reduced pruning treatment reduced erosion only for superficial soil moisture >30%.Superficial runoff, average sediment concentration and soil loss were monitored at the outlet of a small watershed (31 ha, 60% average slope) during 2012 and 2013. Rainfall events greater than 5 mm (169 events) produced runoff at both scales and most of runoff amount was produced for strong rainfalls (> 40 mm). The runoff coefficients were very low (0.9%) at both scales in 2013. But it was 2.44% for plots and 0.9% for watershed in 2013. The base flow was also very low on this watershed (13-16% of total rainfall) with a large part of the rainfall (about 20%) being lost by percolation. The average sediment concentration at the plots was about 1.65 g l-1 and the maximum value was 5.64 g l-1. The average sediment concentration at watershed scale was 0.51 g l-1. Estimated annual soil loss were 0.73 and 0.36 t ha-1 yr-1 at plots scale (all managements included) for 2012 and 2013 respectively and 0.46 and 1.24 t ha-1 yr-1 at watershed scale for thesame years.The shade coffee system studied showed a tolerable soil loss compared to the potential erosion due to the efficient vegetal surface protection.

This study compares four different methods to measure hydraulic conductivity (K) at two sites on the East Tennessee State University Valleybrook Campus. It compares the K values to each other, to the different K values between the two sites, and to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) K values. Two field methods, Well Bail Test and Auger Hole Test, and two lab methods, Constant Head Permeameter Test and Grain Size Distribution Test (GSD), were performed on the clay rich Ultisol soils on an East Tennessee hillslope in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. One site was located close to a monitoring well and the other on the floodplain of an existing stream. The Hazen, Alyamani & Sen, and Slichter methods were used to compute K from the GSD Test. The Alyamani & Sen, Slichter, and permeameter methods produced similar K values ranging from 9.52 x 10-6 to 1.25 x 10-3 cm/sec. These are similar to the USDA K values ranging from 9.17 x 10-4 to 2.82 x 10-4 cm/sec. The Hazen method overestimated K and ranged from 8.10 x 10-3 to 1.09 x 10-1 cm/sec. The Well Bail Test yielded a lower K value (ranging from 8.16 x 10-9 to 1.19 x 10-8 cm/sec) than the USDA values as expected for water flow in deeper soil horizons at a depth of 8.50 meters. Comparing these values helped to better understand the difference between various methods to compute the hydraulic conductivity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T15:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGMS12DA011.pdf: 7367606 bytes, checksum: b45b1b9688169baaebb35574e8cbd0e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / In the south of Brazil, there are soils presenting darker subsurface horizons than those overly-ing ones, being more representative in Ultisols. Those ones are placed in well-drained areas and do not present sodium saturation. In dark subsurface horizon, these soils shows morpho-logical aspects similar to sombric horizons, initially related to Central Africa. This fact arise the possibility of these soils meet the sombric horizon, as related in Africa. The definition of sombric horizon showed in Soil Taxonomy has been the same for fifty years, without any important modification. In this definition the sombric horizon consists of iluvial humus not associated with aluminum or sodium. In WRB, its definition is almost the same of Soil Tax-onomy. This fact is due to the little research about the genesis of these horizons. In this re-search we analysed the profiles of three Ultisols of the State of Santa Catarina: 1.Typic Som-brihumults (PVa), in Içara, with the source material siltstones intercalated with sandstones; 2.Typic Sombrihumults (PAd), in Rancho Queimado, with the source material granites and granulites; 3. Typic Sombrihumults (PBACal), in Alfredo Wagner, with the source material argillites and siltites. It was also analyzed a profile of Alfisol (TCp) from Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul State, having as source material granites and gneisses. It was added to the study a Dy-strudepts (CH) from Bom Jardim da Serra, Mountainous Area of Santa Catarina, having as source material the basalt. This last soil does not present dark subsuperficial horizon, having been chosen in order to compare results from delta ¹³C analyses with the other soils, since it has grass vegetation for millennia. We carried out physical, chemical, mineralogical and mi-cromorphological analysis. Fractionation studies of the sand and mineralogy by X-ray diffrac-tion aimed to identify lithologic discontinuities. Micromorphological analysis aimed to identi-fy whether there was migration and accumulation of humic compounds in the dark subsurface horizons. Iron and aluminum selective dissolution aimed to identify whether there were pod-zolization processes. Studies of carbon isotopes were intended to examine whether climate change was involved in the genesis of the dark subsurface horizons. Studies were not con-cluded to TCp. For PAd and PBACal, results indicated buried soils. For PVa, results sug-gested the migration of clay-humic compounds. In Ultisols there was aluminum accumulation in the dark subsurface horizon. Results of carbon isotopes have not identified to be the organ-ic matter from different vegetation of the current. Soils did not attend the requests of classifi-cation from WRB and Soil Taxonomy to fit as sombric horizons. It is proposed to Soil Tax-onomy and FAO the requirement elimination of the humus-illuvial no-associated to aluminum occurrence as a criterion to fit those soils as sombric horizons. It is suggested its substitution by the evidence of humus-illuvial occurrence in sombric through thin slide analysis and through the evidence of lithology discontinuity absence along the toposequence and absence of agric horizon and isotopes of carbon results related to the same vegetation in surface and dark subsurface horizons. In addition, it is still proposed to Brazilian System of Soil Classifi-cation the inclusion of the sombric character, to be taken into consideration in Sub-Group level / Na região Sul do Brasil ocorrem solos que apresentam horizontes subsuperficiais mais escu-recidos que os horizontes sobrejacentes, notadamente na classe dos Argissolos. Estes solos estão situados em locais bem drenados e não apresentam saturação por sódio. Os horizontes subsuperficiais escuros assemelham-se aos horizontes sômbricos relatados inicialmente na África Central. A definição de horizonte sômbrico na classificação dos Estados Unidos é a mesma de há cinquenta anos, sem basicamente ter sofrido modificações. Nessa definição, o horizonte sômbrico é subsuperficial e constituído de húmus iluvial não associado ao alumínio ou sódio. Na classificação da FAO, tal definição basicamente incorporou a da classificação dos Estados Unidos, com pouca alteração. Isto se deve às poucas pesquisas a respeito da gê-nese desses horizontes. Neste trabalho de pesquisa analisaram-se três perfis de Argissolos do Estado de Santa Catarina: 1. O Argissolo Vermelho Alumínico (PVa), de Içara, tendo como material de origem siltitos com intercalação de arenitos; 2. OArgissolo Amarelo Distrófico (PAd), de Rancho Queimado, tendo como material de origem granitos e granulitos; 3. O Ar-gissolo Bruno-Acinzentado Alumínico (PBACal), de Alfredo Wagner, derivado de argilitos e siltitos. Também analisou-se um perfil de Luvissolo Crômico Pálico (TCp), de Bagé/RS que tem como material de origem granitos e gnaisses. Somou-se aos perfis relacionados um Cam-bissolo Húmico (CH) de Bom Jardim da Serra/SC, derivado de basalto. O CH é de região de altitude e sem horizonte subsuperficial escuro, tendo sido escolhido para servir como teste-munha nos resultados referentes às análises de delta 13C dos demais solos, de vez que apresen-ta vegetação de gramíneas há milênios. Efetuaram-se análises físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e micromorfológicas. Estudos de fracionamento da areia e de mineralogia por difração de raios-X objetivaram identificar descontinuidades litológicas. Análises micromorfológicas ob-jetivaram identificar se houve migração e acúmulo de compostos húmicos nos horizontes sub-superficiais escuros. Análises de dissolução seletiva de ferro e alumínio objetivaram identifi-car se ocorreram processos de podzolização. Estudos de isótopos de carbono tiveram por fina-lidade analisar se houve mudanças climáticas implicadas na gênese dos horizontes subsuperfi-ciais escuros. Os resultados foram inconclusivos para o TCp. Para o PAd e para o PBACal indicaram tratar-se de horizontes A soterrados por ação coluvionar. Para o PVa sugeriram haver migração de compostos argilo-húmicos. Nos Argissolos houve acúmulo de alumínio nos horizontes subsuperficiais escuros. Resultados de isótopos de carbono não identificaram ser a matéria orgânica oriunda de vegetação diferenciada da atual. Os solos não enquadraram-se no tipo sômbrico. Propõe-se à classificação dos Estados Unidos e à FAO a eliminação do requisito da ocorrência de húmus iluvial não-associado ao alumínio nos sômbricos. Propõe-se substituir esse requisito pela comprovação da ocorrência de húmus iluvial no sômbrico atra-vés de análises em lâmina delgada e através de evidências de ausência de descontinuidade litológica e ausência de horizonte ágrico e resultados de isótopos de carbono relacionados ao mesmo tipo de vegetação nos horizontes superficial e subsuperficial escuro. Propõe-se ao Sis-tema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos a inclusão do caráter sômbrico, a ser contemplado no nível de Sub-Grupo

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-01T12:48:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Moreira Barros.pdf: 1130284 bytes, checksum: 0ebc49552c6eeef72d4a316aed90ac28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Moreira Barros.pdf: 1130284 bytes, checksum: 0ebc49552c6eeef72d4a316aed90ac28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Amazon soils are characterized by degree large of the pedogenetic evolution, reflection weathering of the large about the parent material, for this represent a key factor in soils formation. The aim of this research was to characterize the genesis, chemistry, mineralogicall, profile five of the soils and of the lithosequence along Cuiaba-Santarem highway – (BR 163) in West Para, State). The lithosequense, comprise the profile five of soils formed starting for weathered for five parental materials (Granite, Andesite, Shale, Diabase, Sediments of the Alter do Chão Formation). The profiles were described morphologically and classified according to Brazilian Soil Classification System. The profile were the following: profile 1- Yellow Ultisol distrophic, developed starting of Granite; profile 2 - Yellow Oxisol distroferric, developed starting of Andesite; profile 3 - Yellow Oxisol distrophic, developed starting of Shale; profile 4 - Red Alfisol distroferric, developed starting of Diabase; and profile 5 -Yellow Oxisol distrocohesiv, developed starting of sediments Alter do Chão Formation. It was observed large level of the clay in all profiles, mainly, in the profile 5 that account for more than 90%. In function of the material parental It was observed cohesive character occurrence in profile 5. Furthermore, the profile 2 and 4 presented large contents of the Fe. It was observed in all profiles, a mineralogical composition for clay fraction uniform kaolinite with predominance. The micronutrients Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni and Fe, showed tendency of decreasing with depth, except the iron for the profile 4. The P-rem values are large surface horizon, with tendency of decreasing with depth. It was observed in profiles, a mineralogical composition simple, with less reserve the nutrients in reflection the terms degree weathering of the large country chemistry / Os solos da Amazônia são caracterizados pelo elevado grau de evolução pedogenética, reflexo do intenso intemperismo químico sobre o material de origem, pois este representa um fator chave na formação dos solos. Objetivou-se no presente estudo caracterizar física, química e mineralogicamente 5 perfis de solos em uma litossequência ao longo da Rodovia Cuiabá-Santarém (BR 163) no oeste do estado do Pará. A litossequência, compreende cinco perfis de solos formados a partir da alteração de 5 distintos materiais de origem (Granito, Andesito, Folhelho, Diabásio e sedimentos inconsolidados da Formação Alter-do-Chão). Os perfis foram descritos morfologicamente e classificados de acordo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Os perfis foram os seguintes: Perfil 1 - Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico típico, desenvolvido a partir de Granito; Perfil 2 - Latossolo Amarelo Distroférrico típico, desenvolvido a partir de Andesito; Perfil 3 - Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico típico, desenvolvido a partir de Folhelho; Perfil 4 - Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico, desenvolvido a partir de Diabásio; e o Perfil 5 - Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso, desenvolvido a partir de Sedimentos da Formação Alter-do-Chão. Em todos os perfis foram observados teores muito elevados de argila, em especial o perfil 5, com valores acima de 90%. Em função da natureza do material de origem, foi constatado a ocorrência do caráter coeso no perfil 5. Os perfis 2 e 4 apresentaram os maiores valores de Fe. Observou-se em todos os perfis estudados uma composição mineralógica da fração argila relativamente uniforme com predomínio de caulinita. Os micronutrientes Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni e Fe mostraram tendência de decréscimo em profundidade, excetuando-se o Fe para o perfil 4. Os valores de P-rem mostraram-se elevados nos horizontes superficiais, mas com tendência de redução em profundidade. Portanto, os solos estudados apresentam uma composição mineralógica simples e com baixa reserva de nutrientes em reflexo às condições de alto grau de intemperismo químico regional.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estado de Roraima pode ser caracterizado pelo domínio de três grandes biomas. As áreas de floresta ocupam a maior porção do Estado, as áreas de Savanas que se distribuem nas regiões centro-leste e nordeste do Estado e por último o domínio das Campinaranas que ocupam a porção centro-sul do Estado. A pecuária é uma atividade tradicional, de grande importância econômica sendo bastante difundida tanto nos biomas Savana quanto no bioma Floresta. Em decorrência da grande necessidade de produção de alimentos, os recursos naturais de Roraima sofrem forte pressão de ocupação, sendo substituídos pela agricultura e pela pecuária. Esta situação traz, muitas vezes, resultados indesejáveis à sustentabilidade do ambiente, já que a agricultura é de derrubada e queima do extrato arbóreo. Em razão disto, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar os atributos químicos do ARGISSOLO AMARELO sob os ecossistemas de savana e floresta natural, convertidos em sistema de pastagem. Os tratamentos utilizados foram áreas representativas de savana natural (SN) e savana convertida em pastagem (SCP), floresta natural (FN) e floresta convertida em pastagem (FCP). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida (ambientes e profundidades) e os atributos químicos avaliados foram: pH, acidez potencial, saturação em Alumínio, Alumínio trocável, matéria orgânica do solo, Potássio trocável, Magnésio trocável, Cálcio trocável, soma de bases, saturação em bases, Fósforo disponível e remanescente e Capacidade de troca catiônica efetiva e total. Os valores de pH do solo não apresentaram diferença estatísticas entre si, com o ambiente FN obtendo a menor média observada. Para acidez potencial os ambientes convertidos apresentaram menores valores do que os ambientes naturais. Para a variável saturação em alumínio houve notável redução nos ambientes convertidos, principalmente nas camadas mais superficiais. O Alumínio trocável apresentou níveis significativamente menores em SCP quando comparado a SN e nos ambientes florestais houve diferença significativa apenas nos primeiros 10 cm do solo. Os níveis de matéria orgânica observados foram maiores no ambientes FN, seguido por FCP e SCP, este último mostrando tendência a maior acúmulo de matéria orgânica. Em Potássio trocável não foi verificado diferença estatística significativa entre os ambientes e profundidades analisados. Para Cálcio e Magnésio trocável, soma de bases os maiores níveis encontrados foram na profundidade de 0-10 cm, com evidente redução ao longo do perfil. Para saturação de bases, o ambiente SCP foi integralmente superior ao ambiente SN e o ambiente FCP foi maior estatisticamente que o FN até a profundidade de 20 cm. As médias de Fósforo remanescente obtidas não apresentaram diferença em nenhum ambiente e nenhuma profundidade analisada, já Fósforo disponível não apresentou significância para interação, onde a maior média observada para esta variável ocorreu no ambiente FCP. Para CTC efetiva e total os valores mais expressivos foram encontrados na profundidade 0-10 cm, com ligeira tendência ao decréscimo conforme aumento de profundidade. A conversão de ambientes naturais por pastagens provocou alterações significativas a maioria das características químicas do ARGISSOLO AMARELO. De maneira geral, os atributos químicos apresentaram uma ligeira melhoria, especialmente nas camadas mais superficiais sujeita à maior influência da antropização. / The Roraima state can be characterized by three major biomes. The areas of Forest occupy the greater portion of the state, the areas of Savannahs that are distributed in the regions centereast and northeast of the state and finally the field of Campinaranas which occupy the southcenter portion of the state. The livestock is a traditional activity, of great economic importance being widespread both in biomes of savanna and Forest. As a result of the huge need of food production, the natural resources of Roraima suffer strong pressure of occupation, being replaced by agriculture and livestock. This situation brings, many times, undesirable results to environmental sustainability, already that agriculture and slash and burn. Because of this, the present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate and compare the chemical attributes of an Ultisol under ecosystems of savanna and natural forest, converted into pasture system. The treatments were representative areas of savanna and natural savanna converted into pasture, natural forest and forest converted to pasture. The delineation were a randomized blocks in Split plot scheme (treatments and depth), being evaluated the following chemical attributes: pH, potential acidity, Aluminum saturation, exchangeable Aluminum, soil organic matter, exchangeable Potassium, exchangeable Magnesium, exchangeable Calcium, sum of bases, bases saturation, available phosphorus and remaining and Total and effective Cation Exchange Capacity. The soil pH values showed no statistical difference between themselves and with the environment NF obtaining the lowest average observed. For potential acidity converted environments showed lower values than the natural environments. For the Aluminum saturation there was a remarkable reduction in environments converted, mainly in the most superficial layers. The exchangeable Aluminum showed significantly lower levels in SCP when compared to NF and in forest environments there was a significant difference only in the first 10 cm of the soil. The levels of organic matter were more frequently observed in environments NF, followed by FCP and SCP, the latter showing a greater tendency toward accumulation of organic matter. In exchangeable Potassium was not observed statistically significant differences between the environments and depths analyzed. For exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium, sum of bases the highest levels were found at a depth of 0-10 cm, with evident reduction along the soil profile. For bases saturation, the environment SCP was fully above the environment SN and the FCP environment was statistically higher than the FN until a depth of 20 cm. The averages of phosphorus remainder obtained showed no difference in any environment and any depth analyzed, already available Phosphorus showed no significance for interaction, where the highest average observed for this variable has occurred in the environment SCP. For CTC effective and total the most expressive values were found in depth 0-10 cm, with a slight tendency to decline as increase in depth. The conversion of natural environments by pasture has caused significant changes to the majority of chemical characteristics of Ultisol. In general, the chemical attributes showed a slight improvement, especially in the most superficial layers subject to greater influence of major growth in.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21164号 / 農博第2290号 / 新制||農||1060(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5138(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 北山 兼弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The Argissolos (Ultisols and Alfisols) derived from sedimentary rocks occur in the region of Central Depression of the Rio Grande do Sul state, over siltstones and sandstones in the soft wavy reliefs. These soils are predominantly shallow, which gives greater importance to its deep layers. These layers have often been inadequately described in the fields due to the difficulty in interpreting the contact between the soil and saprolite. Moreover, the horizon/layer C has been the subject of disagreement among researchers as yet be considered either saprolite and soil. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze different profiles of Argissolos derived from sedimentary material of the the Sanga do Cabral and Santa Maria - Member Alemoa formations, located between the Santa Maria and Sao Pedro do Sul town. This research focused on a morphological, a physical and chemical characteristics of the soils profiles. The results showed two situations: the C is a horizon that has a development showing strong evidence of pedogenesis, with morphology, physical and chemical behavior similar to the Bt horizon, and C is a transition layer between the saprolite (Cr) and soil (Bt), independent of both, but with the possibility of interconnections with them. / Os Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados derivados de material sedimentar ocorrem, na região da Depressão Central Gaúcha sobre siltitos e arenitos em relevos ondulados a suave ondulados. Esses solos são predominantemente pouco profundos, o que confere maior importância as suas camadas subsuperficiais. Estas camadas tem sido, frequentemente, descritas de forma inadequada no campo, devido à dificuldade em se interpretar os contatos entre o solo e o saprolito. Além disso, o horizonte/camada C tem sido motivo de divergência entre vários pesquisadores por ora ser considerado solo ora saprolito. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar diferentes perfis de Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados derivados de material sedimentar das Formações Sanga do Cabral e Santa Maria Membro Alemoa, dispostos entre os municípios de Santa Maria e São Pedro do Sul. O trabalho seguiu três linhas de investigação, uma morfológica, uma física e uma química. Os resultados apontaram duas situações: o C é um horizonte que apresenta desenvolvimento com fortes indícios de pedogênese, mostrando morfologia e comportamento físico-químico semelhante ao horizonte Bt; e o C é uma camada de transição entre o saprolito (Cr) e o solo (Bt), independente de ambos, mas com possibilidades de miscigenação com os mesmos.