Relatório realizado pela CETESB em 2006 mostrou que 80% dos 645 municípios são total ou parcialmente abastecidos por água subterrânea e que em 13 bacias hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo a água subterrânea é a fonte prioritária de abastecimento. O uso da água subterrânea em diversos setores reforça a sua importância e gera preocupações quanto a sua proteção e qualidade. A região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, abastecida principalmente por captação de água subterrânea do aqüífero Guarani por meio de poços tubulares, apresenta ocorrência de Selênio. Assim, no presente trabalho procurou-se avaliar a contribuição de selênio em águas subterrâneas. Foram coletadas amostras de água subterrânea de quatro poços tubulares profundos captadas do aqüífero Guarani na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo e foram realizadas medidas do elemento selênio, utilizando a espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica (GFAAS) e geração de hidretos (HGAAS). Além do selênio também foram analisados outros metais (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Li, Be, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Ba, Co, Na, Si, K, Ag, Cd, Pb, Sb, Hg e As) por ICP OES em todas as amostras. A caracterização do selênio foi realizada com uma periodicidade de amostragem trimestral, no período de Março de 2006 a Março de 2007, totalizando cinco campanhas. O metal analisado neste estudo foi selecionado atendendo-se as exigências da legislação que avalia a qualidade da água para abastecimento publico, estabelecendo limites máximos permissíveis para concentração de metais: Portaria 518/2004 MS (VPM para Se: 0,010 mg/L), referente à potabilidade. As análises realizadas mostraram que as concentrações de Se estão acima do limite máximo permissível e que as técnicas atomização eletrotérmica (GFAAS) e geração de hidretos (HGAAS) demonstraram equivalência nos resultados. As análises demonstraram que a presença de Se parece estar associada a fatores mineralógicos (formação geológica da região) e as metodologias apresentaram-se eficientes com respostas similares diferenciando-se em fatores operacionais e de custo. / Report carried out for CETESB in 2006 showed 80% of the 645 cities are totally or partially supplied by underground water, and for 13 river basins of São Paulo State the underground water is the priority source for potable water supply. The use of underground water in different sectors reinforces its importance and highlight the concern about their protection and quality. The northwest region of São Paulo state is mainly supplied by underground water of the Guarani aquifer extracted by tubular wells, which presents some occurrence of Selenium. In the present study it was looked and evaluated, through the comparison of high sensitivity and selectivity methods as the atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomizaton (GFAAS) and the hydride generation (HGAAS). Underground water samples of four deep tubular wells of Guarani aquifer in the northwest of São Paulo state were collected to measure the selenium element. In addition to selenium other metals were analyzed (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Li, Be, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Ba, Co, Na, Si, K, Ag, Cd, Pb, Sb, Hg and As). The characterization of selenium was carried out with quarterly sampling regularity, in the period of March of 2006 to March of 2007, totalizing five campaigns. The metal analyzed in this study was selected according to the requirements of the legislation for potable water quality evaluation, establishing permissible maximum limits for metal concentration. The results had shown the concentrations of Se are above of the maximum permissible limits and the techniques electrothermal atomization (GFAAS) and hydride generation (HGAAS) demonstrated equivalence in their results. The results demonstrated also the presence of Se can be associated with mineralogical factors (as geologic formation of the region) and the applied methodologies were efficient with similar answers for different operational factors and expenses.

Relatório realizado pela CETESB em 2006 mostrou que 80% dos 645 municípios são total ou parcialmente abastecidos por água subterrânea e que em 13 bacias hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo a água subterrânea é a fonte prioritária de abastecimento. O uso da água subterrânea em diversos setores reforça a sua importância e gera preocupações quanto a sua proteção e qualidade. A região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, abastecida principalmente por captação de água subterrânea do aqüífero Guarani por meio de poços tubulares, apresenta ocorrência de Selênio. Assim, no presente trabalho procurou-se avaliar a contribuição de selênio em águas subterrâneas. Foram coletadas amostras de água subterrânea de quatro poços tubulares profundos captadas do aqüífero Guarani na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo e foram realizadas medidas do elemento selênio, utilizando a espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica (GFAAS) e geração de hidretos (HGAAS). Além do selênio também foram analisados outros metais (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Li, Be, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Ba, Co, Na, Si, K, Ag, Cd, Pb, Sb, Hg e As) por ICP OES em todas as amostras. A caracterização do selênio foi realizada com uma periodicidade de amostragem trimestral, no período de Março de 2006 a Março de 2007, totalizando cinco campanhas. O metal analisado neste estudo foi selecionado atendendo-se as exigências da legislação que avalia a qualidade da água para abastecimento publico, estabelecendo limites máximos permissíveis para concentração de metais: Portaria 518/2004 MS (VPM para Se: 0,010 mg/L), referente à potabilidade. As análises realizadas mostraram que as concentrações de Se estão acima do limite máximo permissível e que as técnicas atomização eletrotérmica (GFAAS) e geração de hidretos (HGAAS) demonstraram equivalência nos resultados. As análises demonstraram que a presença de Se parece estar associada a fatores mineralógicos (formação geológica da região) e as metodologias apresentaram-se eficientes com respostas similares diferenciando-se em fatores operacionais e de custo. / Report carried out for CETESB in 2006 showed 80% of the 645 cities are totally or partially supplied by underground water, and for 13 river basins of São Paulo State the underground water is the priority source for potable water supply. The use of underground water in different sectors reinforces its importance and highlight the concern about their protection and quality. The northwest region of São Paulo state is mainly supplied by underground water of the Guarani aquifer extracted by tubular wells, which presents some occurrence of Selenium. In the present study it was looked and evaluated, through the comparison of high sensitivity and selectivity methods as the atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomizaton (GFAAS) and the hydride generation (HGAAS). Underground water samples of four deep tubular wells of Guarani aquifer in the northwest of São Paulo state were collected to measure the selenium element. In addition to selenium other metals were analyzed (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Li, Be, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Ba, Co, Na, Si, K, Ag, Cd, Pb, Sb, Hg and As). The characterization of selenium was carried out with quarterly sampling regularity, in the period of March of 2006 to March of 2007, totalizing five campaigns. The metal analyzed in this study was selected according to the requirements of the legislation for potable water quality evaluation, establishing permissible maximum limits for metal concentration. The results had shown the concentrations of Se are above of the maximum permissible limits and the techniques electrothermal atomization (GFAAS) and hydride generation (HGAAS) demonstrated equivalence in their results. The results demonstrated also the presence of Se can be associated with mineralogical factors (as geologic formation of the region) and the applied methodologies were efficient with similar answers for different operational factors and expenses.

This dissertation focused on developing an integrated surface – subsurface hydrologic simulation numerical model by programming and testing the coupling of the USGS MODFLOW-2005 Groundwater Flow Process (GWF) package (USGS, 2005) with the 2D surface water routing model: FLO-2D (O’Brien et al., 1993). The coupling included the necessary procedures to numerically integrate and verify both models as a single computational software system that will heretofore be referred to as WHIMFLO-2D (Wetlands Hydrology Integrated Model). An improved physical formulation of flow resistance through vegetation in shallow waters based on the concept of drag force was also implemented for the simulations of floodplains, while the use of the classical methods (e.g., Manning, Chezy, Darcy-Weisbach) to calculate flow resistance has been maintained for the canals and deeper waters. A preliminary demonstration exercise WHIMFLO-2D in an existing field site was developed for the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA), an 80 acre area, located at the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wild Life Refuge in Boynton Beach, Florida. After applying a number of simplifying assumptions, results have illustrated the ability of the model to simulate the hydrology of a wetland. In this illustrative case, a comparison between measured and simulated stages level showed an average error of 0.31% with a maximum error of 2.8%. Comparison of measured and simulated groundwater head levels showed an average error of 0.18% with a maximum of 2.9%.

Learning plays an important role in adopting new technology. While the role of learning in the decision to adopt is widely investigated in the literature, its role in knowing how to best use technology and the speed of learning is not. For instance, when farmers adopt groundwater extraction technology, they need to learn their private marginal cost and marginal benefit of extracting water. Comparing the extraction behavior of the owners of new wells with old wells, we explore the role of experience in shaping farmers' decisions. We use three identification strategies to test the hypothesis that owners of new wells extract more water than owners of old wells. Employing panel data at the district level in a fixed-effects model, we find that groundwater extraction rises as the growth rate in new wells increases. Our second strategy uses the exogenous variation in precipitation shocks in a double-difference approach. Employing census data at the well level, we show that more water is extracted from new wells than older wells and that the difference in extraction increases in areas that experience negative precipitation shocks. The third strategy is the nearest-neighbor matching method which confirms the above findings and indicates that old wells are more efficient in maintaining their inter-temporal extraction. We also provide evidence regarding the speed of learning about using technology. Our findings have important implications for discussions of common pool regulation. Firms are often considered entities with complete private information about their true abatement costs. Our findings imply that quantity instruments for regulating groundwater extraction fail to guarantee productive efficiency when farmers face uncertainty about their marginal abatement cost. This paper also provides new insights for optimizing climate change scenarios, in light of the importance of the learning lag in using new technologies. In chapter two, we discuss the effects of precipitation shocks on the rural labor market and migration. The welfare of both agrarian and non-agrarian workers in rural areas is highly affected by agricultural output volatility, caused in part by weather shocks. This paper examines the impact of precipitation shocks on labor supply and out-migration in rural Iran. We use individual-level panel data combined with station-based precipitation data at the rural-agglomeration level to study the intensive and extensive margins of employment. Our results indicate different types of responses to positive and negative shocks. Using a fixed-effects panel data model, we find that workers in agriculture and industry sectors increase their hours of work in response to positive shocks. At the extensive margin, we find that negative shocks reduce the labor market participation of women. We observed heterogeneity in responses based on the sector of employment, gender, and the roles of individuals in the household. We also show that positive shocks affect the division of labor at the household level. Our estimates for the probability of migration indicate that negative shocks raise the probability of migration for young men. We show that the labor-migration of the same group is also affected by negative shocks, but the impact could be explained by the local unemployment rate, implying the labor market is a channel through which precipitation shocks affect migratory decisions. In the final chapter, we investigate parents' investment in the quality of their children. While school enrollment at the primary level has been rising in developing countries to almost complete national coverage, international measures of education quality, especially in basic knowledge of reading and math, do not exhibit a parallel improvement. Since parents' expenditure is an important determinant of children's school performance, we investigate parents' investments in the quality of their children's education, measured by their spending on books and other school materials. We develop an overlapping generations model, in which we consider families' expenditure as an input to their children's human capital. Moreover, in our model, parents use the current status of their children's human capital as a screening measure for adjusting their investment, instead of the standard tradition of simply balancing the trade-off between future income and the current stream of direct and indirect school costs. From our theoretical analysis, our main hypothesis is that families consider better school performance to be a reliable predictor of future return, and this incentivizes them to invest more in children who are academically promising, considering other determinants of children's schooling output, such as school quality. Empirically, we use an instrumental variables approach to test our main hypothesis, and it is accepted using data for Ghanaian primary school students in rural areas. / Doctor of Philosophy / Adopting new technology need learning, either in the form of knowledge or by working with the adopted technology. While the role of learning in the decision to adopt is widely investigated in the literature, its role in knowing how to best use technology and the speed of learning is not. In the first chapter, we investigate the adoption of the use of groundwater technology. When farmers adopt groundwater extraction technology, they need to learn about how to best use the technology to maximize their profit in the short and long run. We use five sets of data from Iran to show the existence of learning in the use of groundwater technology. Our findings improve the discussion on the regulation of firms in using common resources. This paper also provides new insights for optimizing climate change scenarios, in light of the importance of the learning lag in using new technologies. In chapter two, we discuss the effects of precipitation shocks on the rural labor market and migration. Weather shocks affect the welfare of workers in rural areas. This paper examines the impact of precipitation shocks on labor supply and out-migration in rural Iran. We use individual-level and station-based precipitation data at the rural-agglomeration level to study the effects of precipitation shocks on employment. Our results indicate different types of responses to positive and negative shocks. We find that workers in agriculture and industry sectors increase their hours of work in response to positive shocks and negative shocks reduce the labor market participation of women. We also show that the labor market is a channel through which precipitation shocks affect migratory decisions. In the final chapter, we investigate parents' investment in the quality of their children. While school enrollment at the primary level has been rising in developing countries, international measures of education quality, especially in basic knowledge of reading and math, do not exhibit a parallel improvement. Since parents' expenditure is an important determinant of children's school performance, we investigate parents' investments in the quality of their children's education, measured by their spending on books and other school materials. We develop a model, in which we consider families' expenditure as an input to their children's human capital. We hypothesize that families consider better school performance to be a reliable predictor of future return. Empirically, we test our hypothesis, and it is accepted using data for Ghanaian primary school students in rural areas.

Le cycle biogéochimique des métaux traces a été fortement accéléré par les activités anthropiques qui ont entraîné une contamination des eaux et des sédiments des rivières. A la suite de leurs émissions, la majorité des métaux traces se trouvent sous forme particulaire qui se transportent par ruissellement et se retrouvent en milieu fluvial où elles sédimentent et dont une partie est susceptible d'être solubilisée vers la colonne d'eau suite aux modifications des conditions physico-chimiques du milieu et sous l'action des microorganismes autochtones et pouvant après interagir avec la chaîne alimentaire et présenter un danger potentiel de toxicité pour l'homme et pour les autres organismes vivants. Dans cette étude, nous avons choisit de travailler sur le site de la rivière Al-Ghadir qui présente un cas exceptionnel et original des pollutions où la hauteur de sédiments, comprenant plusieurs types de polluants, est plus qu'un mètre. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre et d'évaluer le rôle du compartiment microbien dans les sédiments de la rivière Al-Ghadir, qui est la source la plus polluante de la méditerranéen, sur la mobilité des métaux et leurs effets sur les eaux souterraines. Cette étude était réalisée en deux séries d'expériences (Batch et colonne du sol) semblables aux situations se trouvant dans la rivière. Une caractérisation physico-chimique et chimique des sites d'étude a été effectuée comme première étape afin ensuite de débuter l'approche expérimentale qui a permis d'isoler les processus physico-chimiques de ceux qui sont imputables à l'activité microbiologique. Dans les expériences menées en réacteurs fermés (batchs), nous avons montré que les activités microbiennes sont corrélées aux fortes dissolutions des métaux, en particulier du Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu et Zn. Le fer semble apparaître comme l'élément le plus solubilisé et sa solubilisation était corrélée à celle d'autres métaux traces laissant supposer que ces métaux sont associés aux oxydes de fer. Cette hypothèse a été confirmée par les extractions séquentielles indiquant la présence de bactéries ferri-réductrices qui, lors de la fermentation du glucose et la production d'acides organiques, ont réduit les oxydes de fer. Ces derniers ont entraîné la dissolution des métaux traces et une modification des populations bactériennes qui ont été détectés par l'étude microbiologique et génétique après cinq jours d'incubation. L'effet des bactéries sur la mobilisation des métaux a été ensuite étudié selon des expériences portant sur l'étude hydrodynamique du transfert des métaux en colonnes de sédiments et dans des conditions proches à celles du terrain. Nous avons montré que (i): les métaux étudiés ne sont pas lixiviés dans les mêmes ordres et en règle générale montrent l'ordre suivant (en μg/l): Fe>Mn>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb≥Cr ; (ii) les métaux vont se reprécipiter sur les phases néoformées après que le système regagne l'équilibre. Les études du profil de distribution des métaux dans les colonnes ont mis en évidence que les métaux ont été lixiviés des sédiments durant l'incubation de façon homogène. Cette répartition dépend de la hauteur du sédiment: la ré-distribution est maximale à la surface des sédiments (0-10 cm), alors qu'à une profondeur située entre 10 et 25 cm elle est nulle. Ce phénomène est expliqué par le fait que les métaux après avoir été solubilisés et passés en solution, ils seraient réadsorbés sur les phases électrochimiques négatives, néoformées et colloïdales ce qui explique la diminution de la concentration des métaux dans le lixiviat obtenu en laboratoire et permet de penser que ce mécanisme de piégeage des métaux dans la colonne limite la migration de ces derniers vers les eaux souterraines, tant que la capacité d'adsorption des colloïdes présents n'est pas atteinte et que le système soit en équilibre / The biogeochemical cycle of trace metals was greatly accelerated by human activities that have led to the contamination of water and river sediments. Following their emissions, the majority of trace metals exist in particulate form which can be transported by runoff and end up in rivers where they settle and where a portion can be dissolved into the water column in response to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the site and under the action of indigenous microorganisms which later can interact with the food chain and pose a potential danger of toxicity to humans and other living organisms. In this study, we have chosen to work on Al-Ghadir River which represents an exceptional and an original case of pollution where the height of sediments, including several types of pollutants, is more than one meter. The aim of this work was to understand and to evaluate the role of the microbial compartment in the sediments of the Al-Ghadir River, which is the most polluting source to the Mediterranean, on the mobility of metals and their effects on underground water. This study was realized in two series of experiments (batch and soil column) with situations similar to those found in the river. A physico-chemical and chemical characterization of the studied sites was conducted as a first step to begin, after that, with the experimental approach which was used to isolate the physico-chemical processes from those which are attributable to microbiological activity. In the experiments conducted in closed reactors (batch), results obtained showed that the microbial activities are correlated with the strong dissolution of metals, especially for Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn. Iron appeared the most solubilized element and its solubilisation was correlated with the other trace metals suggesting that these metals are associated to iron oxides. This hypothesis was confirmed by sequential extraction procedure indicating the presence of iron-reducing bacteria, which, during the fermentation of glucose and the production of organic acids, reduced iron oxides. These later have led to the dissolution of trace metals and to a change in the bacterial populations which were detected after five days of incubation by the microbiological and the genetic studies. The effect of the bacteria on the mobilization of metals in sediments was then studied in hydrodynamic columns, under conditions similar to those in the field. Results obtained showed that: (i) Studied metals are not leached in the same order and showed the following order (in μg/l): Fe > Mn > Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb ≥ Cr; (ii) Metals will reprecipitate on the neoformed phases after the system returns to equilibrium. Studies of the distribution profile of metals in columns showed that metals were leached homogenously from the sediments during incubation. This distribution was shown to depend on the height of the sediment where the re-distribution was shown at its maximum at the surface of the column sediments (0-10 cm) and became null at a depth between 10 and 25 cm. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the metals after being dissolved and passed into solution, were then readsorbed to the negative electrochemical, neoformed and colloidal sediment phases which explains the decrease in the concentration of metals in the leachate obtained in the laboratory and suggests that the mechanism of trapping of metals in the column limits the migration of these later to underground water, as the adsorption capacity of present colloïds is not reached and the system is at equilibrium

A interação existente entre a água superficial e subterrânea nas bacias hidrográficas faz necessário o gerenciamento conjunto de ambos os recursos. Nesse sentido, o Soil Moisture Model (SMM) e a ferramenta WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning system) foram utilizados para simular o sistema atual e avaliar os impactos do uso conjunto dos recursos hídricos superficial e subterrâneo nas bacias que abastecem o município de São Carlos, SP. O modelo foi calibrado com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento das bacias no período de 1997-2007. Para a vazão mensal, as etapas de calibração e validação do WEAP geraram coeficientes de Nash-Sutcliffe e de porcentagem de viés considerados bons pela literatura. A robustez e facilidade de uso do modelo foram analisados, avaliando seu potencial como sistema de apoio a decisão. Também, foram gerados seis cenários futuros a partir da combinação de mudanças no uso do solo e aumento de demandas usando prioritariamente algum dos dois recursos. Nas simulações feitas para a década de 2030 não se apresentaram diferenças significativas com respeito a variável de uso do solo, contrastando com o comportamento variável da demanda. Os resultados indicaram que o município não apresenta deficiência na quantidade de água necessária para abastecer as demandas futuras, porém o rebaixamento pronunciados do nível estático do aquífero poderá produzir efeitos adversos na operação de poços existentes e no sistema hidrológico geral. / The interaction between surface and groundwater in river basins makes it necessary an integrated management of both resources. In this sense, the o Soil Moisture Model (SMM) and the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning system) tool were used to simulate the current system and to evaluate the impacts of the joint use of surface and underground water resources in the basins that supply the city of São Carlos, SP. With the aim of evaluating the behavior of the basins in the period 1997 to 2007. For the monthly flow, the WEAP calibration and validation stages generated Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and percentage of bias considered goods. The robustness and ease of use of the model were analyzed, evaluating its potential as a decision support system. The results of the simulations for the 2030s for six future scenarios did not show significant differences respect to the variable of land use, different from the behavior with the demand variable. The results indicated that the municipality does not present a deficiency in the quantity of water needed to supply the futures demands. However, the pronounced lowering of the static level of the aquifer could produce adverse effects on the operation of existing wells and the general hydrological system.

Sea water intrusion is the process by which the sea water in an aquifer displaces the sweet water as consequence of a sensitive reduction of the hydraulic head, either for natural actions or for anthropic activity Sea water intrusion takes place in the coastal aquifers mainly independently to the predominant lithology. In this work the scenario analysis is approached by studying the effects that sea water intrusion in dry years would produce to the supply of underground water to the City of Havana and Havana Province, when there would be high exploitation of the aquifers without maintenance of recharge works such as in South Dike.There would be a cartography of the scenario in danger to show the presage of the penetration expressed in the longitude of the marine intrusion wedge, taking as contour conditions the variable that may be unfavorable for their temporal variation, such as precipitation and depression. The thickness of the sheet of sweet water is considered constant. / La intrusión marina es el proceso por el cual el agua de mar desplaza en un acuífero el agua dulce como consecuencia de una reducción sensible de la carga hidráulica, ya sea por acciones naturales o por actividad antrópica.La intrusión marina tiene lugar principalmente en los acuíferos costeros independientemente a la litología predominante.En este trabajo se aborda el análisis del escenario que en el abasto de agua subterránea a la Ciudad de La Habana y Provincia Habana produciría la intrusión marina durante la ocurrencias de años secos, simultaneados, con altas explotaciones del acuífero y el no mantenimiento de obras de recarga como es el caso del Dique Sur.Se cartografía el escenario de peligro que muestra el pronóstico de la penetración expresada en longitud de la cuña de intrusión marina tomando como condiciones de contorno las variables que pueden ser desfavorables por su variación temporal, tales como la precipitación, explotación y abatimiento. Se considera constante el espesor de la lámina de agua dulce.

The diploma thesis deals with groundwater issues. The village Jenín was chosen for the work. The work contains theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part explains the terms connected with groundwater and its sources. The parctical part describes the area of interest and there are listed the sources of groundwater that were found during the survey of the territory. Within the survey a short analysis of water was carried out for four groundwater sources. The conclusion of this work assesses the current status of groundwater resources and proposes measures. The work includes a list of sources that has been used, photohraphs of the area of interest and short water analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-05-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_aa_me_rcla.pdf: 3417647 bytes, checksum: fb16521eccec72d4c2efba2f0b35b489 (MD5) / Devido principalmente ao aumento populacional que tem ocorrido nos últimos anos, a demanda de água para o abastecimento público na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo tem sido cada vez maior. No município de São José do Rio Preto (SP), o abastecimento de água tem sido realizado por meio da captação do rio Preto e afluentes e por poços existentes tanto no Sistema Aqüífero Bauru como no Botucatu/Pirambóia (Aqüífero Guarani). A água subterrânea responde por 70% do abastecimento local, sendo o Aqüífero Bauru o mais requisitado em virtude das boas condições que este apresenta como reservatório de água e também pela facilidade construtiva e operacional do poço tubular. A super explotação do aqüífero em questão se mostra cada vez mais acentuada, exigindo mais controle para sua exploração. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar alguns dos principais parâmetros hidráulicos, caracterizar o comportamento do fluxo subterrâneo e suas propriedades, propor condições necessárias para a construção de poços tubulares para captação de água subterrânea no Aqüífero Bauru, enfatizando a proteção sanitária, e, dessa forma, sugerir medidas adequadas para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, como também para o auxílio ao Plano Diretor do município. Na análise conjunta dos parâmetros, importantes observações foram feitas a respeito da vulnerabilidade à contaminação do Aqüífero, servindo esta pesquisa não somente como uma referência para a análise de alguns parâmetros hidrogeológicos na área de estudo, mas também como apoio às medidas preventivas a serem praticadas por empreendimentos que podem, de forma direta ou indireta, estar interferindo na qualidade da água subterrânea do município de São José do Rio Preto (SP) / The population growth that has taken place in recent years has been the main reason for the increasing demand for water for public supply in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, the water supply has drawn from the catchment of the Preto river and its tributaries, as well as from wells in the Bauru Aquifer and in the Botucatu/Pirambóia Aquifer (Guarani Aquifer). Ground water accounts for 70 percent of the local supply, with the Bauru Aquifer being the most resorted to due to its great capability as a water reservoir and the favorable conditions for building and operating a tube well. This aquifer has been increasingly over-exploited, and this situation requires tighter controls of its exploration. This study aimed at evaluating some key hydraulic parameters, describing the behavior of the underground flow and its properties, setting forth the required conditions for the construction of a tube well to catch underground water from the Bauru Aquifer with an emphasis on sanitary protection, and, therefore, suggesting appropriate measures for water resource management, as well as for supporting the municipality s Plano Diretor (Master Plan). The overall analysis of the parameters includes important observations on the aquifer s vulnerability to contamination. In this sense, this paper not only constitutes a reference work for the analysis of certain hydrogeological parameters in this field of study, but also supports preventive measures to be implemented by any agents that might be affecting, directly or indirectly, the quality of the underground water in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto.

Orientador: Antonio Celso de Oliveira Braga / Banca: Daniel Marcos Bonotto / Banca: José Domingos Faraco Gallas / Resumo: Devido principalmente ao aumento populacional que tem ocorrido nos últimos anos, a demanda de água para o abastecimento público na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo tem sido cada vez maior. No município de São José do Rio Preto (SP), o abastecimento de água tem sido realizado por meio da captação do rio Preto e afluentes e por poços existentes tanto no Sistema Aqüífero Bauru como no Botucatu/Pirambóia (Aqüífero Guarani). A água subterrânea responde por 70% do abastecimento local, sendo o Aqüífero Bauru o mais requisitado em virtude das boas condições que este apresenta como reservatório de água e também pela facilidade construtiva e operacional do poço tubular. A super explotação do aqüífero em questão se mostra cada vez mais acentuada, exigindo mais controle para sua exploração. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar alguns dos principais parâmetros hidráulicos, caracterizar o comportamento do fluxo subterrâneo e suas propriedades, propor condições necessárias para a construção de poços tubulares para captação de água subterrânea no Aqüífero Bauru, enfatizando a proteção sanitária, e, dessa forma, sugerir medidas adequadas para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, como também para o auxílio ao Plano Diretor do município. Na análise conjunta dos parâmetros, importantes observações foram feitas a respeito da vulnerabilidade à contaminação do Aqüífero, servindo esta pesquisa não somente como uma referência para a análise de alguns parâmetros hidrogeológicos na área de estudo, mas também como apoio às medidas preventivas a serem praticadas por empreendimentos que podem, de forma direta ou indireta, estar interferindo na qualidade da água subterrânea do município de São José do Rio Preto (SP) / Abstract: The population growth that has taken place in recent years has been the main reason for the increasing demand for water for public supply in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, the water supply has drawn from the catchment of the Preto river and its tributaries, as well as from wells in the Bauru Aquifer and in the Botucatu/Pirambóia Aquifer (Guarani Aquifer). Ground water accounts for 70 percent of the local supply, with the Bauru Aquifer being the most resorted to due to its great capability as a water reservoir and the favorable conditions for building and operating a tube well. This aquifer has been increasingly over-exploited, and this situation requires tighter controls of its exploration. This study aimed at evaluating some key hydraulic parameters, describing the behavior of the underground flow and its properties, setting forth the required conditions for the construction of a tube well to catch underground water from the Bauru Aquifer with an emphasis on sanitary protection, and, therefore, suggesting appropriate measures for water resource management, as well as for supporting the municipality’s Plano Diretor (Master Plan). The overall analysis of the parameters includes important observations on the aquifer’s vulnerability to contamination. In this sense, this paper not only constitutes a reference work for the analysis of certain hydrogeological parameters in this field of study, but also supports preventive measures to be implemented by any agents that might be affecting, directly or indirectly, the quality of the underground water in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto. / Mestre