Educar neste trabalho assume uma característica revolucionária. Educar está ligado à emancipação humana e à superação do capital. O educar necessário é para o não trabalho explorado, uma inserção subordinada ao capital na forma de emprego alienado. O educar nesta tese é para o trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso capaz de criativamente libertar-se do valor de troca, do mercantil simples, ou seja, do trabalho como valor de troca. O trabalho e a educação para a reprodução da vida das desempregadas a que se refere este trabalho se apresentam como enfrentamentos às formas alienantes e subordinadas do capital e, ao mesmo tempo, como projetos de superação do mesmo. Fundamentamo-nos, principalmente, nos estudos de Marx, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire e Saviani. O trabalho é fundante do ser social e no conjunto de atividades intelectuais e manuais organizadas pela espécie. Para Marx (2010), os homens, para existirem, devem ser capazes de se reproduzir enquanto seres humanos. Uma forma específica desta reprodução é dada por uma peculiar relação dos seres humanos com a natureza através do trabalho. A categoria do trabalho emerge, desta forma, como categoria central do ser social. O conceito de educação esta baseado na definição da formação humana. A questão, portanto, que necessita ser examinada neste trabalho é em que consiste a formação humana de mulheres historicamente desempregadas e socialmente sobrantes nos meios de produção. Estamos aí diante de uma questão filosófica e de educação por excelência, ligada ao problema da possibilidade, do sentido, do valor e dos limites do trabalho. A metodologia da pesquisa-ação, cuja referência principal foi Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), permitiu que refletíssemos sobre “la justicia de las mayorías hoy ausentes, explotadas, ignoradas y sin voz lo cual llevaría a trabajos bastantes originales y, ante todo, útiles para la sociedad”. O método dialético permitiu reconstituir o movimento dos múltiplos determinantes que sintetizaram a possibilidade de alterações qualitativas em parte do contingente em questão. Concluímos basicamente que: a) a metodologia adotada nos possibilitou reflexões em torno da problemática mais próximas da realidade; b) as mulheres do MTD são sujeitos sociais mesmo que na condição de sobrantes, porque lutam e se organizam num Movimento Social por trabalho, educação e moradia; c) a educação necessária a estas mulheres precisa ir além, sendo necessário articular este processo à luta maior dos trabalhadores pela superação do capital. Defendemos, portanto, a tese de que a educação necessária é fundamentada no trabalho necessário socialmente útil, e não trabalho alienado, como valor de troca numa inserção subordinada ao capital. O educar, nesta tese, é para e no trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso, capaz de criativamente construir processos de trabalho. Por fim, e não menos importante, esta tese pretende criar alternativas populares de transformação das estruturas sociais que tornam tal ‘vida’ exigente de ser sempre ‘melhorada’. Este fundamento teórico e político nem sempre se realizava na prática e transformava em ação social. / In this dissertation labor/work takes on a revolutionary characteristic, as it is connected to human emancipation and the overcoming of capital. The education that is necessary is education for non-exploited labor, labor that is not subordinated to capital in the form of alienated employment. In this dissertation education is for a labor that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively freeing itself from labor as exchange value. The work and the education for the reproduction of life of the unemployed women to whom this dissertation refers are opposed to the alienating and subordinated forms of capital and are projects designed to overcome it. The dissertation is based mainly on studies by Marc, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire and Saviani. Labor is foundational for social beings in the ensemble of intellectual and manual activities organized by the human species. For Marx (2010), human beings, in order to exist, must be able to reproduce. A specific form of reproduction takes place through their peculiar relationship with nature through labor/work. Thus, labor emerges as a central category of social beings. The concept of education is based on the definition of the process of becoming fully human. Thus, the issue discussed by this dissertation is what this process means for women who are historically unemployed and socially excluded from the means of production. Thus, it faces a philosophical and educational question par excellence that is connected to the problem of possibility, meaning, value and the limits of work. The methodology of action research, whose main reference is Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), enables the author to reflect on “justice for the majorities who today are absent, exploited, ignored and voiceless, which would lead to works that are very original and mainly useful to society”. The dialectical method helped reconstruct the movement of the multiple determinants related to the possibility of qualitative changes in part of the women concerned. She basically concludes that (a) the methodology adopted facilitated reflections on the topic that were closer to reality; (b) the women of the Movement of Unemployed Workers are social subjects even if they are “left out”, since they struggle and organize in a social movement that pursues work, education and housing; (c) the education that is necessary for these women must “go beyond” in the sense of being articulated with wider struggle of workers for the overcoming of capital. Thus, she advances the thesis that the necessary education is based on the socially useful necessary work, rather than on alienated work, i.e. work as exchange value in subordination to capital. This means education for and in work that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively constructing work processes. Last but not least, this dissertation intends to contribute to the creation of popular alternatives for the transformation of social structures that make such ‘life’ demand constant ‘improvement’. This theoretical and political foundation was not always realized in practice did not always become social action.

Educar neste trabalho assume uma característica revolucionária. Educar está ligado à emancipação humana e à superação do capital. O educar necessário é para o não trabalho explorado, uma inserção subordinada ao capital na forma de emprego alienado. O educar nesta tese é para o trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso capaz de criativamente libertar-se do valor de troca, do mercantil simples, ou seja, do trabalho como valor de troca. O trabalho e a educação para a reprodução da vida das desempregadas a que se refere este trabalho se apresentam como enfrentamentos às formas alienantes e subordinadas do capital e, ao mesmo tempo, como projetos de superação do mesmo. Fundamentamo-nos, principalmente, nos estudos de Marx, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire e Saviani. O trabalho é fundante do ser social e no conjunto de atividades intelectuais e manuais organizadas pela espécie. Para Marx (2010), os homens, para existirem, devem ser capazes de se reproduzir enquanto seres humanos. Uma forma específica desta reprodução é dada por uma peculiar relação dos seres humanos com a natureza através do trabalho. A categoria do trabalho emerge, desta forma, como categoria central do ser social. O conceito de educação esta baseado na definição da formação humana. A questão, portanto, que necessita ser examinada neste trabalho é em que consiste a formação humana de mulheres historicamente desempregadas e socialmente sobrantes nos meios de produção. Estamos aí diante de uma questão filosófica e de educação por excelência, ligada ao problema da possibilidade, do sentido, do valor e dos limites do trabalho. A metodologia da pesquisa-ação, cuja referência principal foi Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), permitiu que refletíssemos sobre “la justicia de las mayorías hoy ausentes, explotadas, ignoradas y sin voz lo cual llevaría a trabajos bastantes originales y, ante todo, útiles para la sociedad”. O método dialético permitiu reconstituir o movimento dos múltiplos determinantes que sintetizaram a possibilidade de alterações qualitativas em parte do contingente em questão. Concluímos basicamente que: a) a metodologia adotada nos possibilitou reflexões em torno da problemática mais próximas da realidade; b) as mulheres do MTD são sujeitos sociais mesmo que na condição de sobrantes, porque lutam e se organizam num Movimento Social por trabalho, educação e moradia; c) a educação necessária a estas mulheres precisa ir além, sendo necessário articular este processo à luta maior dos trabalhadores pela superação do capital. Defendemos, portanto, a tese de que a educação necessária é fundamentada no trabalho necessário socialmente útil, e não trabalho alienado, como valor de troca numa inserção subordinada ao capital. O educar, nesta tese, é para e no trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso, capaz de criativamente construir processos de trabalho. Por fim, e não menos importante, esta tese pretende criar alternativas populares de transformação das estruturas sociais que tornam tal ‘vida’ exigente de ser sempre ‘melhorada’. Este fundamento teórico e político nem sempre se realizava na prática e transformava em ação social. / In this dissertation labor/work takes on a revolutionary characteristic, as it is connected to human emancipation and the overcoming of capital. The education that is necessary is education for non-exploited labor, labor that is not subordinated to capital in the form of alienated employment. In this dissertation education is for a labor that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively freeing itself from labor as exchange value. The work and the education for the reproduction of life of the unemployed women to whom this dissertation refers are opposed to the alienating and subordinated forms of capital and are projects designed to overcome it. The dissertation is based mainly on studies by Marc, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire and Saviani. Labor is foundational for social beings in the ensemble of intellectual and manual activities organized by the human species. For Marx (2010), human beings, in order to exist, must be able to reproduce. A specific form of reproduction takes place through their peculiar relationship with nature through labor/work. Thus, labor emerges as a central category of social beings. The concept of education is based on the definition of the process of becoming fully human. Thus, the issue discussed by this dissertation is what this process means for women who are historically unemployed and socially excluded from the means of production. Thus, it faces a philosophical and educational question par excellence that is connected to the problem of possibility, meaning, value and the limits of work. The methodology of action research, whose main reference is Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), enables the author to reflect on “justice for the majorities who today are absent, exploited, ignored and voiceless, which would lead to works that are very original and mainly useful to society”. The dialectical method helped reconstruct the movement of the multiple determinants related to the possibility of qualitative changes in part of the women concerned. She basically concludes that (a) the methodology adopted facilitated reflections on the topic that were closer to reality; (b) the women of the Movement of Unemployed Workers are social subjects even if they are “left out”, since they struggle and organize in a social movement that pursues work, education and housing; (c) the education that is necessary for these women must “go beyond” in the sense of being articulated with wider struggle of workers for the overcoming of capital. Thus, she advances the thesis that the necessary education is based on the socially useful necessary work, rather than on alienated work, i.e. work as exchange value in subordination to capital. This means education for and in work that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively constructing work processes. Last but not least, this dissertation intends to contribute to the creation of popular alternatives for the transformation of social structures that make such ‘life’ demand constant ‘improvement’. This theoretical and political foundation was not always realized in practice did not always become social action.

Educar neste trabalho assume uma característica revolucionária. Educar está ligado à emancipação humana e à superação do capital. O educar necessário é para o não trabalho explorado, uma inserção subordinada ao capital na forma de emprego alienado. O educar nesta tese é para o trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso capaz de criativamente libertar-se do valor de troca, do mercantil simples, ou seja, do trabalho como valor de troca. O trabalho e a educação para a reprodução da vida das desempregadas a que se refere este trabalho se apresentam como enfrentamentos às formas alienantes e subordinadas do capital e, ao mesmo tempo, como projetos de superação do mesmo. Fundamentamo-nos, principalmente, nos estudos de Marx, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire e Saviani. O trabalho é fundante do ser social e no conjunto de atividades intelectuais e manuais organizadas pela espécie. Para Marx (2010), os homens, para existirem, devem ser capazes de se reproduzir enquanto seres humanos. Uma forma específica desta reprodução é dada por uma peculiar relação dos seres humanos com a natureza através do trabalho. A categoria do trabalho emerge, desta forma, como categoria central do ser social. O conceito de educação esta baseado na definição da formação humana. A questão, portanto, que necessita ser examinada neste trabalho é em que consiste a formação humana de mulheres historicamente desempregadas e socialmente sobrantes nos meios de produção. Estamos aí diante de uma questão filosófica e de educação por excelência, ligada ao problema da possibilidade, do sentido, do valor e dos limites do trabalho. A metodologia da pesquisa-ação, cuja referência principal foi Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), permitiu que refletíssemos sobre “la justicia de las mayorías hoy ausentes, explotadas, ignoradas y sin voz lo cual llevaría a trabajos bastantes originales y, ante todo, útiles para la sociedad”. O método dialético permitiu reconstituir o movimento dos múltiplos determinantes que sintetizaram a possibilidade de alterações qualitativas em parte do contingente em questão. Concluímos basicamente que: a) a metodologia adotada nos possibilitou reflexões em torno da problemática mais próximas da realidade; b) as mulheres do MTD são sujeitos sociais mesmo que na condição de sobrantes, porque lutam e se organizam num Movimento Social por trabalho, educação e moradia; c) a educação necessária a estas mulheres precisa ir além, sendo necessário articular este processo à luta maior dos trabalhadores pela superação do capital. Defendemos, portanto, a tese de que a educação necessária é fundamentada no trabalho necessário socialmente útil, e não trabalho alienado, como valor de troca numa inserção subordinada ao capital. O educar, nesta tese, é para e no trabalho que liberta e se apresenta como valor de uso, capaz de criativamente construir processos de trabalho. Por fim, e não menos importante, esta tese pretende criar alternativas populares de transformação das estruturas sociais que tornam tal ‘vida’ exigente de ser sempre ‘melhorada’. Este fundamento teórico e político nem sempre se realizava na prática e transformava em ação social. / In this dissertation labor/work takes on a revolutionary characteristic, as it is connected to human emancipation and the overcoming of capital. The education that is necessary is education for non-exploited labor, labor that is not subordinated to capital in the form of alienated employment. In this dissertation education is for a labor that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively freeing itself from labor as exchange value. The work and the education for the reproduction of life of the unemployed women to whom this dissertation refers are opposed to the alienating and subordinated forms of capital and are projects designed to overcome it. The dissertation is based mainly on studies by Marc, Oliveira, Gramsci, Engels, Iasi, Manacorda, Freire and Saviani. Labor is foundational for social beings in the ensemble of intellectual and manual activities organized by the human species. For Marx (2010), human beings, in order to exist, must be able to reproduce. A specific form of reproduction takes place through their peculiar relationship with nature through labor/work. Thus, labor emerges as a central category of social beings. The concept of education is based on the definition of the process of becoming fully human. Thus, the issue discussed by this dissertation is what this process means for women who are historically unemployed and socially excluded from the means of production. Thus, it faces a philosophical and educational question par excellence that is connected to the problem of possibility, meaning, value and the limits of work. The methodology of action research, whose main reference is Fals Borda (2007, p. 103), enables the author to reflect on “justice for the majorities who today are absent, exploited, ignored and voiceless, which would lead to works that are very original and mainly useful to society”. The dialectical method helped reconstruct the movement of the multiple determinants related to the possibility of qualitative changes in part of the women concerned. She basically concludes that (a) the methodology adopted facilitated reflections on the topic that were closer to reality; (b) the women of the Movement of Unemployed Workers are social subjects even if they are “left out”, since they struggle and organize in a social movement that pursues work, education and housing; (c) the education that is necessary for these women must “go beyond” in the sense of being articulated with wider struggle of workers for the overcoming of capital. Thus, she advances the thesis that the necessary education is based on the socially useful necessary work, rather than on alienated work, i.e. work as exchange value in subordination to capital. This means education for and in work that liberates and presents itself as use value capable of creatively constructing work processes. Last but not least, this dissertation intends to contribute to the creation of popular alternatives for the transformation of social structures that make such ‘life’ demand constant ‘improvement’. This theoretical and political foundation was not always realized in practice did not always become social action.

M.A. / Most of the unemployed juvenile delinquents used in this study come from single parent families or from families where both or either of the parents are deceased or have deserted. The majority of families used were found to consist of parents who were either unemployed, deserted or deceased. Most of the unemployed juveniles were, as a result, forced to leave school due to financial problems. The majority of them left school before they reached Standard 6. As a result of this, a high percentage of the unemployed juveniles involved in this study do not qualify for admission to the two identified institutions.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (M.Ed. (Community and Continuing Education)) --University of Limpopo / Unemployment is a crucial problem in the whole world. There are still a high number of unemployed rural women in the world in general and in South Africa in particular. Rural women are still marginalized and stay in poor conditions because they are unemployed, poor and lack skills required by the market. Black rural women form the majority of illiterates and unemployed in the country and this have a negative impact on the development of the country. This means that rural women stay in conditions of squalor because they are unemployed, poor and lack skills required by the labour market. This study focuses on the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women. It was conducted in Shoromong village of Greater Tzaneen Municipality in Mopani District. Unemployed rural women need to be empowered through ABET (Adult Basic Education and Training) programmes to stand up and fight poverty, ill health and other social ills they face. Chapter one outlined the background of the problem of unemployment based on the education in the past (before 1994). I also discussed different types of unemployment, causes and their effects. I formulated the following aim of the study: To investigate the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in Shoromong village. In order to achieve the aim outlined above, I formulated the following main research question: What are the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in Shoromong village? It is the objective of this study to develop a detailed picture of the problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women in Shoromong village, explore the unemployed rural women’s feelings and attitude about their present situation, to contribute towards the development of a programme that will address problems and challenges faced by unemployed rural women, to contribute towards empowerment of rural women in order to enable them to take their rightful place in society and to bring awareness to the local government about poor living conditions in Shoromong village. Chapter two outlines the theoretical framework of the study. It is based on the readings of the relevant literature and preliminary discussions with the unemployed women of Shoromong village. I have also defined the following concepts: social exclusion, poverty, unemployment and adult education. The following critical factors are discussed: loss of respect and dignity, financial constraints, lack of education and skills and poor living conditions. In chapter three, I described the design of the study. One path of data collection, being fieldwork is the main focus. The fieldwork is divided into phases, namely: Introductory phase, extensive fieldwork phase, and observation. Extensive fieldwork comprises of four stages of interviews. An exploratory design was chosen for this study. An explanation and discussion of the instruments that were utilized to collect data from different role players in various phases of data collection is also given. I further explained how the data that has been collected from various phases was analysed using qualitative data analysis method. Chapter four presents the empirical findings and analysis of the study. I have also outlined the detailed views of interviewees in relation to the critical factors of the study. Results of observations of the study are also given. The results of the study indicate that unemployed women are faced with multiple problems and challenges. Those problems and challenges not only affect them as individuals but also affect their children, spouses/husband, relatives, the community and the whole society. The reality is the burden is on the individual who experience unemployment from day to day. Chapter five is the final chapter of my study. It presents the final conclusion and recommendations of the study. It also provides suggestions of what can bring solutions to problems and challenges of unemployed rural women in Shoromong village. This chapter mentioned areas that need to be further researched as ABET field seems to be under- researched. The chapter concludes by discussing “reflections”. It is a section that is about my learning experiences and difficulties that I encountered during the process of this research.

Young unemployed individuals have often been struggling from an early age with disabilities or unfortunate circumstances, which makes their journey to employability unique. It is crucial that the individuals stay motivated to change and overcome hardship on their road to self-sufficiency. This thesis aims to understand how to motivate young long-term unemployed individuals through the lens of Self-Determination Theory and propose digital gamification concepts that can increase the users’ employability. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with long-term unemployed individuals and occupational therapists. The analysis of the interviews pointed to several behavioral and motivational needs which gamification can fulfill by increasing the sense of autonomy, competence, and belonging for the individual. Three design concepts exemplifying this application were created and show that there are several motivational needs of the young long-term unemployed, that potentially can be met in a digital context.

The aim of this study is to examine how supervisors at a Jobbcentrum works with the elder unemployed and what difficulties and challenges there may be in being able to guide elder unemployed into employment. This study is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with six different supervisors at Jobbcentrum. The theories used in the study are Empowerment and Self-Efficacy. At the same time, concepts such as age discrimination and Motivational conversations were used, to have a greater understanding of the work of supervisors. The results of the study show that Motivational interviewing, Empowerment and Self-Efficacy are an important starting point in the work with the unemployed. Another important result highlighted by the participants in the study is the difficulties that the elder unemployed encounters in the form of discrimination based on age, as well as obstacles in the form of not being considered to have the language skills or the educational background that employers seek.

The housing market has seen increased housing prices and low inflation for the last decade. This study aims to answer if inflation affects the housing prices in Jönköping by looking at both the county and municipality levels. We are investigating apartments and small houses at both levels. To test this empirically, quarterly data was used for all variables using a multiple regression analysis for the years 2005 and 2021. The results display some differences between the two regions with the county being the preferred model of choice. We can not conclude with statistical significance that inflation affects housing prices. We conclude that a relationship between housing prices and inflation in Jönköping county and municipality seems to be present.

No description available.