Patarąjį dešimtmetį Lietuvos socialiniame – ekonominiame gyvenime įvyko daug permainų. Dideliu tempu ir mastu keičiasi demografinių procesų raida. Sumažėjo gimstamumas, stipriai padidėjo mirtingumo, o ypatingai vyrų, lygis. Pasikeitė migracijos srautų kryptys, mastai net tipai. Didelį susirūpinimą kelia ir vedybų mažėjimas ar jų nukėlimas vyresniam amžiui, o neretai ir vedybų atsisakymas. Viso to priežastys dažniausiai esti ekonominio pobūdžio ( užimtumo problemos tiek mieste, tiek kaime, būsto įsigyjimo sunkumai, mažos pajamos ), tačiau pastebimos ir akivaizdžios vertybinių nuostatų kaitos ( mažėja pačios santuokos kaip vertybės svarba, didėja žmonių noras būti laisvais ir nepriklausomais, įsipareigojimų vengimas ). Lietuvos visuomenė pasižymi konservatyviomis pažiūromis, bet vis labiau įsigali modernios šeimos bruožai. Vis didesnės tolerancijos susilaukia poros, gyvenančios neregistravusios santuokos, daugėja porų, auginančių vieną vaiką, o taip pat porų, nusprendusių likti bevaikėmis. Lietuvoje vyksta fundamentalūs šeimos pokyčiai. Kuo karta jaunesnė, tuo liberaliau vertina ��eimos bruožų kaitą, šeimos modernėjimą. Tačiau tokie šeimos pokyčių požymiai, kai gausėjimas vienišų asmenų , vaikų, augančių nepilnose šeimose ir skyrybų, taip pat gimstamumo mažėjimas, tiek vyresnių, tiek jaunesnių kartų vertinami gana nepalankiai, ir vertinimų skirtumai tarp kartų yra nedideli. Požiūriui į modernėjantį šeimos institutą tebėra būdingi nemaži prieštaravimai: dar tebėra gajos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / During last ten years, lithuanian social – economical life have been changed. Rapid changes have been manifested through rapid broad – scale demographic reconstruction. In Lithuania the most outstanding features of the demographic changes of the period are: a rapid large – scale decrease of fertility, a rate of mortality, especially for males. Radically changed patterns of migration – the flows, amounts, and even types of migration become different. Decreasing number of marriages or postponement or renouncement of marriage rouse great concern. The reasons of these situations are economic ( difficulty in finding a job, acquiring a dwelling, low income ) and value changes ( the diminishing value of marriage, the increasing desire for independence and autonomy among young people, refusal to accept responsibilities, unmarried cohabitation has become more acceptable ). Regardless of the overall conservative attitude of the society, the modren family is gaining strength: not only are new features of the family becoming more universal, but they are being tolerated to a higher degree or even gaining approval. In Lithuania ongoing fundamental changes in the family. Besides, the clearly expressed move towards more liberal evaluations exhibited by the yonger generations varies quite significantly, depending on different family changes. Features of family changes such as the growing number of single people, of children raised in one – parent families, and of divorces and the... [to full text]

Magistro darbe išanalizuotas suaugusiųjų profesinis rengimas, akcentuojamas naujas suaugusiųjų švietimo tikslas, išryškinamos formalaus ir savaiminio suaugusiųjų mokymosi vertinimo teorinės nuostatos. Išnagrinėti suaugusiųjų švietimo ir mokymo sistemos apibrėžiantys dokumentai, švietimo paslaugas teikiančių institucijų pasiskirstymas pagal tipus, vietoves. Išanalizuota Mažeikių rajone funkcionuojanti suaugusiųjų profesinio tęstinio mokymo sistema ir suaugusiųjų mokymu užsiimančių organizacijų veikla, trūkumai ir galimybės. Atliktas suaugusiųjų mokymosi galimybių tyrimas; pateiktos rekomendacijos dėl suaugusiųjų profesinio rengimo sistemos tobulinimo. / In this work has been analyzed professional training in the context of adults professional training, emphasized a new aim of adults education; also theoretical rules of evolution for formal, informal and spontaneous education of adults. This work analyses the dokuments defining the systems of adult's education and training, also educational institutions according to their types and localities. There has been analyzed the present systam of adults education in Mazeikiai district, its advantages, disadvantages and possibilities; also the activity of the organizations engaged in the education of adults and given the recommendations for continued educacion in the district.

Bakgrund Ohälsa bland arbetslösa är ett stort samhällsproblem. Med lågkonjuktur och ökning av arbetslöshet krävs även samhällsinsatser form av rehabilitering och arbetsmarknadsinsatser för att få människor tillbaka till sysselsättning och därmed ekonomisk självständighet. Syfte Syftet med studien är att belysa de förändringar som sker hos individer gällande motivation och tilltro till sin egen förmåga efter genomgånget projekt hos Samordningsförbudet Östergötland. Metod Studien undersöker förändring i Outcome Rating Scale och self-efficacy efter genomförd rehabiliteringsprojekt för arbetslösa. Slutsats Det går inte att signifikant säkerställa någon förändring mellan testtillfälle ett och två. Baserat på de resultat vi har fått ta del av kan vi inte dra någon slutsats att deltagarnas egenskattade förmåga eller motivation har förändrats till följd av insatsen. / Background Poor health among the unemployed is a major social problem. The recession and rise in unemployment the community requires to take action in form of rehabilitation and employment programs to get people back into employment and hence economic autonomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if a change occur in the participators motivation and belief in their own abilities after completing Samordningsförbundet Östergötlands intervention. Method an empirical study was conducted with a quantitative method. Two validated models ORS and Self-efficiacy test with an added self-assessment question of individual motivation. Conclusion There is no significant data to ensure that a change has taken place between test occasion one and two. Based on the results we have, we can not conclude that the participants attitude has changed as a result of the intervention. Whether self-estimated ability or motivation.

The findings of this thesis are somewhat at variance with the literature on Canadian public policy. The literature tends to accord primary importance in the federal policy-making process to forces such as political parties, bureaucratic groups, pressure groups, and the provinces. This study demonstrates that the political leadership of an individual cabinet minister and, subsequently, the political leadership of the government as a whole were of primary importance in the development of unemployment insurance policy in the 1970's. The policy interests of political leadership took precedence over those of other forces in the policy-making process. Moreover, the input of other forces with the exception of political parties, was negligible. Political leadership required the support of sympathizers within the major political parties to exercise leadership functions of surveillance and legitimation. / Bryce Mackasey, who introduced a new program in 1971, carried out these leadership functions so effectively that he became an agent of policy reform. Mackasey exercised surveillance over the policy-making activities of his public servants and legitimized the scheme to opponents within the major political parties, other bureaucratic groups, and the provinces. However, during the amending process, the government as a whole was not required to exercise surveillance but it successfully legitimized its policy interests to the same forces.

Bibliography: leaves 378-400. / x, 400 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Studies the development of national employment policy in wartime Australia. This experience encouraged the establishment of a centrally controlled employment service as a lynch pin of Australian federal government's post-war reconstruction policy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2000?

No description available.

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 378-400. / x, 400 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Studies the development of national employment policy in wartime Australia. This experience encouraged the establishment of a centrally controlled employment service as a lynch pin of Australian federal government's post-war reconstruction policy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2000?

[Abstract]: A stress and coping framework was used to explore psychological factors influencing coping behaviours, mental health, and employment outcomes among the unemployed. Jahoda’s (1982) deprivation theory was also incorporated in the exploration. Jahoda proposed that unemployment not only deprives individuals of the manifest, or financial benefits, of employment, but it also deprives them of five latent, or psychosocial benefits, including collective purpose, social contact, status, time structure, and activity. Two studies were carried out, the first being a cross-sectional paper-based survey of 371 unemployed participants (214 males and 157 females, aged between 16 and 65 years) from South East Queensland. A follow-up survey was then carried out 6 months later on 115 of those same participants (59 males and 56 females, aged between 17 and 64). At Time 2, 58 participants had found jobs and 57 had remained unemployed. The variables measured in Study One included coping resources, cognitive appraisals, coping behaviours, and mental health. The coping resources included the personal resources of self-esteem, job seeking efficacy, positive affect, negative affect, and employment commitment, along with financial resources, measured by net fortnightly income, and social resources, measured by social contact during leisure. Job seeking efficacy was measured by self-promotion efficacy and task-focused efficacy. The former involves interpersonal tasks, such as promoting oneself to others as a job seeker, whilst the latter is more impersonal and involves tasks such as writing a resume. The cognitive appraisal variables included employment expectation, satisfaction with employment status, leisure meaningfulness, economic deprivation, and perceived access to the five latent benefits of employment, outlined by Jahoda. The coping behaviours included leisure activity and job search behaviours, including job applications, job search intensity, and job search methods. Mental health was measured by the GHQ-12 (Goldberg, 1972). The same variables were measured in Study Two, with the exception of the leisure variables. Other variables measured in Study Two included job satisfaction and job quality. Study One found that the most consistent predictors of job search behaviours were geographic region, employment commitment, and self-promotion efficacy, with participants living in the metropolitan area, those with a higher commitment to work, and those with greater efficacy being more actively engaged in job seeking. Leisure activity was significantly correlated with mental health and was predicted by availability of financial resources, positive affect, time structure, leisure meaningfulness, and level of education. That is, more frequent leisure activity was associated with being less financially restricted, higher positive affect, greater time structure, more meaningful leisure, and higher levels of education. Mental health was predicted by self-esteem, positive affect, negative affect, employment commitment, satisfaction with employment status, and financial hardship. Participants with better personal coping resources, greater satisfaction with their employment status, and less financial hardship were less likely to have clinical symptoms. The aforementioned variables accounted for 56% of the variance in mental health, and the logistic regression model correctly classified over 84% of cases as having clinical or non-clinical symptoms. The same model, with the exception of employment commitment, was tested in Study Two for the 57 continuously unemployed participants. It accounted for 62% of the variance in mental health, with similar classification accuracy to that at Time 1. The mental health of the 58 employed participants at Time 2 was predicted by occupation, collective purpose, activity, positive affect, and negative affect. Participants in higher skilled occupations, with higher collective purpose, greater activity, higher positive affect, and lower negative affect were less likely to have clinical symptoms. Those variables accounted for 62% of the variance in mental health and correctly classified 84.5% of cases as being clinical or non-clinical. One of the consistent predictors of job search behaviours at Time 2 was job search training. Participants who had completed a training program some time during the 6 months of the research project were more actively looking for work. Training did not, however, enhance participants’ job seeking efficacy or employment expectations. Study Two demonstrated that self-promotion efficacy, employment expectations, and job search behaviours had deteriorated over the 6 month research period, whilst task-focused efficacy increased. Employment status (i.e., gaining employment or remaining unemployed) was predicted by age, job applications, satisfaction with employment status, self-promotion efficacy, employment commitment, and time structure. Job acquisition was predicted by being younger, having submitted more job applications, being dissatisfied with employment status, having higher self-promotion efficacy, having higher employment commitment, and having less structured time. The logistic regression model including those variables accounted for 28% of the variance in employment status (employed or unemployed). Results of a mixed design analysis of variance in Study Two demonstrated that self-esteem, negative affect, satisfaction with employment status, financial hardship, financial strain, social contact, time structure, and mental health were all positively influenced by gaining employment, but showed either very little change or deteriorated for participants who remained unemployed. This research identified important predictors of coping behaviours, mental health, and job acquisition that can be used as a guide for developing suitable intervention strategies for the unemployed.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed March 3, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 308-343)