Thesis (M. Com. (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Unemployment is one of the most economically crippling challenges facing South Africa today. The Department of Trade and Industry identified the Textile and Clothing Industry as a labour absorbing industry for many developing countries, including South Africa. However, the capacity of the sector to create jobs in South Africa has been changing. This study therefore aims to examine the probable causes of employment in the textile and clothing industry of South Africa and to propose policy recommendations that to alleviate the unemployment issues in the industry. The determinants of unemployment are analysed using co-integration analysis from an econometric perspective with annual time series data from 1986 to 2016. The study identifies domestic demand, real output, wage rate, and imports as some determinants in the textile and clothing industry. The results suggest that the model is co-integrated at 5% level of significance and there is a long-run relationship between employment and its determinants. For further examination of the relationship between unemployment and its determinants, the study conducted the Vector Error Correction Model and VECM Granger Causality techniques. The model was found to converge back to equilibrium at 0.183 convergence speed. These techniques revealed that the linear model is a good fit, passing both diagnostic and stability tests. The study also conducted the impulse response functions and variance decomposition to assess how shocks to economic variables reverberate through a system. Employment show an increase given positive economic shocks to output and wage rate. The study has recommended subsidization and incentivizing of the industry by government to assist in keeping operational costs low and improve output. For imports, the study suggested a mutual co-operation through joint ventures between South African companies and Chinese firms. South Africa may benefit from the transfer of technology and expertise, increased production capacity and job creation. Keywords: Employment, unemployment, long-run relationship, labour-intensive, demand, output

SANTRAUKA Nedarbas – Lietuvoje viena aktualiausių šių dienų problema. Ir nors šiuo metu bedarbių skaičius ženkliai mažėja, problema neišnyksta. Netekęs darbo žmogus skirtingai interpretuoja priežastis, o pagal tai pasirenka ir įveikos strategiją. Šiame darbe nagrinėjome, kaip bedarbiai aiškina savo bedarbystės, darbo praradimo, bei neradimo priežastis; kokią įveikos strategiją naudoja norėdami pakeisti esamą situaciją; ar demografiniai veiksniai nulemia atribucinio stiliaus pasirinkimą, bei įveikos strategiją. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 tiriamųjų : 100 Vilniaus rajone gyvenančių bedarbių ir 100 Akmenės rajone gyvenančių bedarbių. Tyrime naudoti tyrimo metodai - klausimynas, kurį sudarė 5 klausimų grupės: 1) išorinės – vidinės priežastys; 2) pastovios – kintančios priežastys; 3) kontroliuojamos – nekontroliuojamos priežastys; 4) į problemą – į emocijas orientuotos įveikos strategijos; 5) gynybos mechanizmai naudojami bedarbystėje. Atlikus tyrimą pasitvirtino mūsų keltos hipotezės: 1. Tiriamieji aiškinant bedarbystės, darbo praradimo ir darbo neradimo priežastis naudoja savitą, gynybiškumo atribucinį stilių, t.y. priežastis dažniausiai priskiria išoriniams veiksniams. 2. Tiriamieji bedarbiai, kurie jaučiasi kontroliuoją aplinką, renkasi į problemą orientuotas įveikimo strategijas ir atvirkščiai, tiriamieji bedarbiai, kurie mano negalįs kontroliuoti esamos padėties, renkasi į emocijas nukreiptas įveikos strategijas. Tyrimo metu išryškėjo šios tendencijos:  Tiriamieji bedarbiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY Unemployment is one of the most relevant problems in Lithuania. Currently the number of unemployed declines but the problem hadn‘t disappear. The person who have lost his or her job he or she interpret every reason in his or her one way and he or she choose strategy of coping. In this study we discuss how the unemployed explain reasons of losing or not finding job, what strategy of coping with unemployment they use and demographical factors influence or not choosing of attribution style and coping strategy. In this study were selected 200 participants: 100 unemployed in Vilnius district and 100 unemployed in Akmene district. There was used test which yields five sub-cores: 1) Internal – external reasons; 2) Stable - unstable reasons; 3) Controlled – uncontrolled reasons; 4) Coping strategy; 5) Defensive element using coping with unemployment. This study validates our hypothesis: 1. Unemployed are using defensive attribution style to explain reasons of losing or not finding job (external attribution style). 2. Unemployed who feel that they can control environment chose the coping strategy applying to problem and unemployed who feel that they can‘t control environment chose the coping strategy applying to emotions. This study gives such tendencies: • Unemployed usually use the coping strategy applying to problem (they are searching for job actively). Only some of the unemployed coping with unemployment have changed their qualification even when they thought that the... [to full text]

The aim of my work is mainly to capture the evolution of statutory minimum wages and unemployment in the European Union and determine whether and under what situations can affect unemployment. The Thesis describes the establishment and gradual extension of the minimum wage over the world. In additional, I deal with legal regulation and its mechanism of implementation of the EU, the Czech Republic is always devoted a separate chapter. Completes the entire Thesis description and subsequent analysis of the impact of minimum wages on employment.

The theme of my diploma thesis is analyse Active Employment Policy and evaluation of effectivity Active Employment Policy tools of unemployment solution in region Teplice. The diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical analysis, the theoretical part occupies with Active Employment Policy and Active Employment Policy tools. I have used for empirical part data from information system of the Labour office, data from questionnaire survey with job applicants and on the basis of interviews with experts of Labour office. Based on questionnaires survey with job applicants and interviews with experts of Labour office I have come to the conclusions on providing of Active Employment Policy tools in region Teplice.

The subject of this work is the approximation and explanation of methods of evaluation of economic variables using indicators and their systems. The thesis also uses a method of a multi-parametric comparison of the indicators. In the thesis are described the individual indicators, then the methods of their evaluation and the creation of the multi-parametric comparison. The thesis deals also with the harmonization of economic statistics and the definition of the assessed area. For practical use, indicators are then selected: Gross Domestic Product, Labor Productivity, Unit Costs, Unemployment Rate, Real Effective Rates, R & D expediture and Human Resources in Science and Technology. Selected indicators are evaluated from a time and space point of view. Furthermore, a method of the multi-parametric comparison was performed for these four indicators: GDP per capita, unemployment rate, R & D expenditure and unit labor costs. The analysis of the indicators shows that currently the economies of all selected countries are growing. Despite the EU's similarity efforts, there are major differences between economies. The great potential for further economic development is technological progress. The way states deals with this opportunity, it can decide on their future development.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between motivation and long term unemployment of people who were 50 years old and older. We looked at issues that occured during the time when people were being signed in and were linked to the tools of active employment policy. This report also focused on other apescts of unemployment, for instance motivation. The goal was to find solutions that would help ÚP ČR to provide job seekers with solutions and help them get motivated again, as well as help them become desirable candidates. The data was collected in the region of South Bohemia. Therefore, this region was introduced shortly and we described some important characteristics of its inhabitants. We evaluated the active politics of unemployment and the analyses revealed what were the shortcomings of the system and what tools were not working well. We used two different questionnaires for collecting our data: 1. A questionnaire for unemployed people over 50; 2. An online survey that looked to reveal opinions of ÚP ČR's managers via focus group.