Orientador: Carlos Gustavo Poggio Teixeira / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a participação de grupos de interesse na definição da política externa norte-americana ao defenderem seus interesses econômicos. Com base no modelo do jogo de dois níveis proposto por Robert Putnam, considera-se o impacto dos atores domésticos no processo de tomada de decisão na política externa comercial dos Estados Unidos. Sob tal perspectiva, analisaremos como lobby da indústria farmacêutica norte-americana se organizou e quais estratégias foram adotadas por eles para fazer valer os seus interesses e influenciar a formulação da política externa do país, utilizando seus recursos financeiros e influência política junto a instituições governamentais responsáveis pela definição da política comercial para pressionar o governo norte-americano em suas negociações internacionais por regulamentações que beneficiassem o setor. Assim, o estudo de caso das negociações do acordo TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) no âmbito do GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) demonstra como a estratégia do lobby farmacêutico se revelou eficiente. / Abstract: The present work aims to analyze the participation of interest groups in the definition of the American foreign policy when defending their interests. Based on the two-level model proposed by Robert Putnam, it considers the impact of domestic actors in the decision-making process of the US foreign trade policy. From this perspective, we analyze how the pharmaceutical industry lobby is organized and its strategies to assert their interests and influence the formulation of the country's foreign policy, by using its financial resources and channels of influence with governamental institutions responsible for the definition of trade policy to pressure the US government in its international negotiations for regulations that would benefit the sector. Thus, the case study of the TRIPS Agreement (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) negotiations under GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) demonstrates how the pharmaceutical lobby strategy proved to be efficient. / Mestre

Submitted by Alyne Viana de Oliveira (alynevoliveira@gmail.com) on 2018-03-12T14:06:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Alyne Viana de Oliveira.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-03-12T17:27:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_av_me_mar.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T17:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_av_me_mar.pdf: 1914408 bytes, checksum: 8cfbfe498a2b7962ceccae0b1245a5f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a participação de grupos de interesse na definição da política externa norte-americana ao defenderem seus interesses econômicos. Com base no modelo do jogo de dois níveis proposto por Robert Putnam, considera-se o impacto dos atores domésticos no processo de tomada de decisão na política externa comercial dos Estados Unidos. Sob tal perspectiva, analisaremos como lobby da indústria farmacêutica norte-americana se organizou e quais estratégias foram adotadas por eles para fazer valer os seus interesses e influenciar a formulação da política externa do país, utilizando seus recursos financeiros e influência política junto a instituições governamentais responsáveis pela definição da política comercial para pressionar o governo norte-americano em suas negociações internacionais por regulamentações que beneficiassem o setor. Assim, o estudo de caso das negociações do acordo TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) no âmbito do GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) demonstra como a estratégia do lobby farmacêutico se revelou eficiente. / The present work aims to analyze the participation of interest groups in the definition of the American foreign policy when defending their interests. Based on the two-level model proposed by Robert Putnam, it considers the impact of domestic actors in the decision-making process of the US foreign trade policy. From this perspective, we analyze how the pharmaceutical industry lobby is organized and its strategies to assert their interests and influence the formulation of the country's foreign policy, by using its financial resources and channels of influence with governamental institutions responsible for the definition of trade policy to pressure the US government in its international negotiations for regulations that would benefit the sector. Thus, the case study of the TRIPS Agreement (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) negotiations under GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) demonstrates how the pharmaceutical lobby strategy proved to be efficient.

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_MarcosAlanFagnerdosSantos_D.pdf: 3020324 bytes, checksum: fc7b47842ddb9df198368c207f00e143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 ocorridos em território norte-americano, diversas ações foram tomadas por parte do governo dos EUA para contenção do terrorismo internacional. Embora seja uma região que não tenha sofrido incursões bélicas ancoradas no argumento de combate ao terror, no caso da América Latina uma área em especial tem sido destacada nos relatórios governamentais e estudos de analistas internacionais: a Tríplice Fronteira entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai (TF). Tal região tem sido considerada um safe haven, ou seja, uma área propensa a ser utilizada como base de apoio ao terrorismo internacional, especialmente para financiamento de grupos islâmicos radicais. Visando uma melhor compreensão do destaque dado à região, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a política externa dos EUA para a região, assim como as ações e as percepções do mesmo, em comparação às visões proporcionadas por analistas internacionais. Ainda, pretende-se mostrar o posicionamento do governo brasileiro diante desta postura de Washington. Considerando que tal tema tem sido pouco estudado na área de Relações Internacionais, esta pesquisa busca preencher uma lacuna importante nos estudos relacionados a segurança internacional dentro do Cone Sul, auxiliando na compreensão de como atuam os diferentes órgãos da arquitetura política norte-americana e a resposta do Brasil em um dos poucos aspectos no qual a América do Sul é lembrada na chamada Guerra ao Terrorismo iniciada pelo governo George W. Bush com sua incursão no Afeganistão em 2001 / Abstract: After the attacks of September 11, 2001 occurred in U.S. territory, several actions were taken by the U.S. government for containment of international terrorism. Although it is a region that has not suffered incursions of war anchored in the argument of fighting terror, in the case of Latin America one area in particular has been highlighted in government reports and studies by international analysts: the Triple Frontier between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay (TF). This region has been considered a safe haven, or an area prone to be used as a support for international terrorism, particularly for financing of radical Islamic groups. For a better understanding of the prominence given to the region, this research aims to analyze the U.S. foreign policy for the region as well as the actions and perceptions of it, compared to the views offered by international analysts. Still, is intended to show Brazilian government stance against Washington attitude. Considering that this subject has been little studied in the field of international relations, this research seeks to fill an important gap in studies related to international security in the Southern Cone, assisting in the an appreciative view of how different agencies work inside the architecture of American politics and Brazilian response in one of few ways in which South America is remembered in the "war on terror" initiated by President George W. Bush with his foray into Afghanistan in 2001 / Doutorado / Política Internacional / Doutor em Ciência Política

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T01:17:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_PauloJosedosReis_D.pdf: 1227497 bytes, checksum: d281da57cc7a47b8bc7b81c8685848fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O crime organizado transnacional (COT), apesar de seu papel crescente nas agendas de segurança nacional e internacional dos Estados desde a década de 1990, teve pouca atenção nos estudos de relações internacionais. As referências teóricas tradicionais desta área (particularmente da subárea de segurança internacional), bem como a noção estreita de criminalidade como um assunto doméstico e essencialmente jurídico, dificultaram a avaliação adequada deste novo papel assumido pelas atividades ilícitas transnacionais. Dado o pioneirismo estadunidense em tal processo, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a alocação do COT na agenda de segurança nacional estadunidense durante o governo Clinton e alguns dos seus resultados, especialmente para a distinção entre as noções de segurança doméstica e internacional. Para tanto, fazemos uma análise documental e histórica, pautada no conceito de securitização da Escola de Copenhagen. A securitização pela qual o COT passou nos Estados Unidos pautou-se na percepção de ameaça existencial que este fenômeno criminal colocava a vários aspectos da nação, tanto sociais quanto econômicos. O "ato de fala" realizado pelo Executivo do país a partir de 1995, com a diretiva presidencial 42, foi aceito extensamente pelo público em geral e por várias elites sociais, uma audiência que conferiu legitimidade a tal processo. Três grupos de apoiadores foram particularmente importantes: a mídia, os especialistas e o Congresso estadunidense. O primeiro ajudou na disseminação da percepção de ameaça entre a população; o segundo auxiliou na quantificação e qualificação desta ameaça, fornecendo um conhecimento "cientificamente" embasado; o terceiro conferiu suporte político às iniciativas próprias do Executivo, bem como foi, ele mesmo, agente de propostas. O contexto histórico de liberalização política e econômica, o avanço tecnológico nas comunicações e transporte, bem como o fim do conflito bipolar, compôs um quadro favorável ao aumento do COT e à sua percepção como ameaça aos países e à ordem internacional nascente. No entanto, esse processo também deve ser creditado aos interesses de agências de Inteligência e aplicação da Lei estadunidenses, que, com o fim da Guerra Fria, buscaram redefinir seus papéis de proteção à nação. São expressões concretas da securitização o aumento de recursos, bem como a ênfase na ação militar e na internacionalização de atividades policiais que ocorreu com os programas de combate à criminalidade transnacional na América Latina, uma região que já era foco, desde a década de 1980, de políticas de combate ao tráfico de drogas, uma das mais importantes expressões do COT contemporâneo / Abstract: Transnational organized crime (TOC), despite its increasing role in the national and international security agendas of States since the 1990s, got little attention in studies of international relations. The traditional theoretical references in this area (particularly on international security subfield), and the narrow notion of crime as a domestic and essentially legal matter, hampered the proper assessment of this new role played by illicit transnational activities. The objective of this work is to analyze the allocation of TOC in the U.S. national security agenda during the Clinton administration, as well as to check some of its results, especially for the distinction between the notions of domestic and international security. To this end, a historical and documentary analysis, based on the Copenhagen's School concept of securitization, was done. The securitization process in which TOC has passed in the United States was based on the perception of existential threat that this criminal phenomenon posed to various aspects of the nation, both social and economic. The "speech act" carried out by the Executive of the country since 1995, with the PDD-42, was widely accepted by the general public and various social elites, an audience that gave legitimacy to this process. Three supporters groups were particularly important: the media, the experts and the U.S. Congress. The first helped the spread of threat perception among the population; the second helped to quantify and qualify this threat by providing a "scientifically" grounded knowledge; the third gave political support to the Executive initiatives and was, itself, an agent of proposals. The historical context of political and economic liberalization, technological advances in communications and transportation, as well as the end of bipolar conflict, wrote a favorable framework for the increase of TOC and its perception as a threat to countries and to the emerging international order. However, this process must also be credited to the interests of intelligence agencies and U.S. law enforcement, which, with the end of the Cold War, sought to redefine their roles in protecting the nation. The increasing of resources adressed to fight crime, the growth of military action and the internationalization of police activities that occurred in programs to combat transnational crime in Latin America are concrete expressions of securitization. In this scenery Latin America can be considereda region that was already the focus, since the 1980s, of policies to combat drug trafficking, one of the most important expressions of contemporary COT / Doutorado / Relações Internacionais / Doutor em Ciência Política

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The attacks of September 11, 2001, have changed America forever. In a horrific manner the vulnerability of the highly developed states was demonstrated and exposed in world politics. The event is ushering a new political era where far reaching shifts in international relations are under way. In the post Cold-War international world it appears that the ideological conflict between capitalism and socialism has been replaced by a new world order. One that has retained the binary conflict structure of the Cold War, except that this binary is now presented by political Islam and consumerist's capitalism (Martin, 2000:155). Indeed, in the previous bipolar world order, the acute distinction between capitalism and communism served to attenuate the discord in and between religions. This complex blurring of distinctions has been systematically heightened since the end of the Cold War, as it has allowed Western governments to maintain controlling interests outside of their dominions (Gupta, 2002:6) . This struggle has since been conceived in a variety of different, but related ways: A 'Clash of Civilizations' (Huntington 1996), or as an inescapable dialectic typical of the process of globalization itself (Barber, 1996:245). In the case of Huntington's (1996:19-20) genealogical narrative, he refers to global politics and the way in which the future will be reconfigured according to cultural identities. The division along these cultural lines, will furthermore "shape" the patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the Post-Cold War world" (Huntington, 1996:20). Huntington's thesis is rather overriding in explaining the clash between the supposedly 'West' vs. 'Rest', whose interaction is historically determined. Yet, the genealogical narrative is not sufficient in taking into account the dynamics of globalization. Benjamin Barber's structural narrative, on the other hand, goes to great lengths to illustrate the paradoxical relationship between Jihad and McWorld, and how both forces tend to survive in a world that they inevitably create. By' acknowledging the relevance of both binaries (East/West), it is hoped to transcend them by presenting a structural-genealogical grand narrative, which will essentially allow one to understand Jihad as being a structural moment of the genealogical narrative. Given this general strategy, it will become perceptible that Jihad is one form of anti-globalization as the structural narratives become part of the genealogical and the genealogical part of the structural. In essence, then, this thesis is attempting to come to grips with the phenomenon of September 11, from a political-philosophical perspective. More specifically, this study will firstly be looking at two different, but related narratives that have emerged post-September 11, to make sense of the event. Given the structural-genealogical approach, the central concern in this study is consequently to look at two separate but related interests. The one pertains to history and the other to historiography.

The administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1992 saw several firsts in both American foreign policy towards the Middle East, and in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. At the beginning of the Bush Presidency, the intifada was raging in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and by the time it was over negotiations were already in progress for the most comprehensive agreement brokered in the history of the conflict to that point, the Oslo Accords. This paper will serve two purposes. First, it will delineate the relationships between the players in the Middle East and President Bush during the first year of his presidency. It will also explore his foreign policy towards the Middle East, and argue that it was the efforts of George H. W. Bush, and his diplomatic team that enabled the signing of the historic agreement at Oslo.

Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_HenriqueZeferinode_D.pdf: 3416988 bytes, checksum: d471be899deba56d8a6157926f076d3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nessa tese analisamos o conflito entre Estados Unidos e Brasil sobre a organização do regime internacional de propriedade intelectual no século XXI. Um conflito político que tem uma interface com as discussões teóricas acerca do papel dos direitos de propriedade intelectual no desenvolvimento econômico. Esse conflito se dá pela contraposição, por um lado, entre a demanda norte-americana por um sistema internacional de proteção aos intangíveis mais amplo, forte, homogeneizado, harmonizado e efetivo; e, por outro, a demanda brasileira que pretende resguardar liberdades e flexibilidades, ainda remanescentes no regime internacional de proteção, aos Estados para a adoção de políticas de desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico. São exatamente essas flexibilidades, liberdades que se tornariam inconsistentes com um sistema de proteção à propriedade intelectual espelhado nas demandas norte-americanas. Especificamente, analisamos o desenrolar desse conflito na Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual (OMPI), que encampou os debates levados por esses dois países e suas agendas específicas - a Agenda de Patentes norte-americana e a Agenda do Desenvolvimento brasileira. Assim, a tese parte da problematização teórica sobre a funcionalidade dos direitos de propriedade intelectual no estímulo ao desenvolvimento econômico e avança sobre as negociações sobre a matéria, que encampam esses argumentos e manifestam os interesses específicos de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento / Abstract: In this thesis we analyze the conflict between the United States and Brazil on the organization of the international intellectual property regime in the twenty-first century. It is a political conflict that has an interface with theoretical discussions about the role of intellectual property in economic development. This conflict is defined by a contrast between, on the one hand, the U.S. demands for a broader, stronger, homogenized, harmonized and effective international intellectual property system, and, on the other hand, the Brazilian demand that seeks to protect freedoms and flexibilities still remaining in the international protection system that allows states to adopt some policies for industrial and technological development. Those exactly flexibilities and freedoms that would become inconsistent with a system of intellectual property protection mirrored in the U.S. demands. Specifically, we analyze this conflict in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which took over the discussions held by these two countries and their specific agendas - the US Patent Agenda and the Brazilian Development Agenda. So, the thesis discuss part of theoretical debate about the functionality of the intellectual property rights in stimulating economic development and analysis the political negotiations which encampam these arguments and show the specific interests of developed and developing countries / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutor em Ciência Política

Beginning in 1954, the United States Army attempted to build a viable armed force in South Vietnam. Until the early 1960s, other areas commanded more American attention, yet this formative period was influential in later United States involvement in Vietnam. This thesis examines United States advisory efforts from 1955 to 1960 by analyzing the tenure of Lieutenant General Samuel T. Williams as Chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam. During Williams's tenure, the communist forces in the north began the guerrilla insurgency in earnest. Williams's failure to respond to this change has been justly criticized; yet his actions were reflective of the United States Army's attitude toward insurgencies in the late 1950s.

Within two months of its emergence, the BP Gulf Oil spill had become the worst environmental disaster in United States history. However, for those studying public relations the oil spill brought more than ecological disaster, by providing a case study of crisis communication. Although there were a number of crisis responses from BP throughout the course of the oil spill, the primary crisis response crafted by BP was an image restoration campaign which premiered in early June 2010. This campaign, though it exhibits qualities of a standard crisis response, was wildly unpopular with the United States Government and citizenry. This rhetorical analysis attempts to uncover the reasons behind the campaign's failure through an application of the genre model of criticism. By defining the crisis communication genre and applying it to the artifact, the current study uncovers the reasons behind the failure of the campaign. Through this discussion, this analysis identifies that BP did not address all necessary exigencies, nor did it consider the influence a rhetor can have on a message. An explanation for the failure of BP' s campaign provided a plethora of implications to the fields of public . relations and rhetorical criticism, while beginning a discussion to help define the crisis communication genre.