Syftet med uppsatsen är att utröna huruvida Förenta Nationerna (FN) och säkerhetsrådet utifrån idag rådande förhållanden kan förhindra folkmord. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk baseras främst på Mary Kaldors teorier om ”nya krig” och på Helen Feins teori om hur ett folkmord kan förhindras. Det Kaldor baserar sin teori på är en förändring av krigsföringen, en förändring som till stora delar sammanfaller med globaliseringens utveckling de senaste 20 åren. Feins teori säger att det finns två vägar för att förhindra ett folkmord, den primära och sekundära preventionen, vilka båda redogörs för i uppsatsen. Dessutom finns ett teoretiskt kapitel som teoretiserar begreppet folkmord med utgångspunkt i FN:s Konvention om förebyggande och bestraffning av brottet folkmord från 1948. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk knyter an till syftet dels genom en redogörelse för hur FN-systemet fungerar och ser ut och dels genom två fallstudier av de båda folkmorden i Rwanda och Bosnien-Hercegovina. Båda folkmorden är bekräftade av det internationella samfundet och av de båda tribunaler som upprättats i efterhand, således är de lämpliga att studera. Uppsatsens slutsats är att det idag inte finns några formella hinder för att förhindra folkmord, dock behövs det förändringar i säkerhetsrådet för att så ska ske i verkligheten. / The purpose of this essay is to examine however the United Nation and the Security Council are able to prevent genocide in the world we have today. The theoretical framework of the essay is foremost based on Mary Kaldor’s theory about “new wars” and on Helen Feins’ theory on how to prevent genocide. Kaldor bases her theory on a change of warfare, a change which is related to the development of the globalization during the resent 20 years. The theory presented by Fein says that there are two ways to prevent genocide, the primary and the secondary prevention, both described in the essay. Furthermore the essay contains a theoretical chapter which discusses the conception genocide using the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide from 1948 as a starting point. The theoretical framework is linked to the purpose of the essay by a description of the structure of the UN-system and by case studies of the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Though both these genocides are confirmed by the international society and by the tribunals established after crimes took place they are suitable to study. The conclusion of the essay is that there are no formal obstacles to prevent genocide today, though some changes must take place in the Security Council for so to happen in practice and not just in theory.

yes / P5. The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the PARC & Associated Consultants. The United Nations (UN) Case study was carried out by Mr Pierre Robert with Professor Andrew Mack. The study was carried out through documentary review and interviews with members of the UN GCPP Steering Committee, other London-based officials, UK officials and other stakeholders in other case study countries, staff from the UK¿s UN Mission in New York (UKMIS) and with senior staff at the UN and at other relevant institutions involved in managing projects funded under the Strategy.1 The main evaluator also drew on experience from having evaluated a specific GCPP UN Strategy project, the Early Warning and Preventative Measures (EWPM) training, implemented by the UN System Staff College, early in 2003. P7. The UN Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meso level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict form part of a coherent package of direct interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of particular large scale deadly conflicts or potential conflicts. The microlevel of analysis (review of specific projects) confines itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meso and macro levels. The Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals. Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meso levels. P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to justify their continuation.

Since the end of the Cold War, the United Nations Security Council (‘UNSC’) has taken a leading role in investigating atrocities. Yet, the UNSC has only investigated atrocities committed in eleven out of the ninety-two states that have experienced atrocities during this period. This dissertation examines the reasons behind this disparity. To do so, this dissertation examines how past studies on atrocities investigations do not account for the work of the UNSC in this field, and how past studies on the UNSC cannot explain its actions on atrocities investigations. Instead, by relying on historical records and interviews with decision-makers, this dissertation argues that the UNSC’s decisions on which atrocities to investigate are committee projects, which can only be understood through the prism of the UNSC’s decision-making process. Because of the constraints imposed by the UNSC process, an atrocities investigation will take place only after (i) a diplomat brings specific atrocities to the attention of the UNSC, (ii) an independent commission of inquiry supports the creation of an atrocities investigation, and (iii) the UNSC members become comfortable with the text of the authorizing resolution. This dissertation examines the political decisions behind each of these three steps and highlights how the decision-making process guides and influences the UNSC’s actions. By doing so, it provides an explanation on the aforementioned double standard in the UNSC’s work vis-à-vis atrocities.

Varför får enskilda ledare så mycket uppmärksamhet inom organisationer och i media? Hur ska en bra ledare vara? Finns det internationella ledarskapsideal? Hur tar sig ideal uttryck i praktiken? Hur kan en organisation ledas ”bara” genom visioner och värderingar? Det här är några av de frågor som ställs i Ledarskapande Retorik. För att söka svar kommer tre vetenskapliga områden att föras samman; ledarskapsteori, aristotelisk dygdeetik och retorik. De ledarskapsteorier som används och utvecklas är karisma, romantisering, autentiskt, värdebaserat, symboliskt och konstituerande ledarskap. I en första fallstudie kartläggs och analyseras FN:s generalsekreterare. Vilka normer följer de och vilka dygder tillskrivs dem? I en andra fallstudie analyseras berättelserna om en av de främsta generalsekreterarna; Dag Hammarskjöld. Vad kan skapa en ledare? Hur kan ideal ta sig uttryck? Boken bidrar till att belysa föreställningar om och förväntningar på ledarskap. Här visas hur ledarskap uppstår genom identifikation genom bland annat allmänmänskliga, klassiska ideal, autenticitet, distans och mystik. Ledarskapande retorik handlar om att ledare ska ha färg, framstå som autentiska, ska leva sina ideal och agera sina visioner Lena Lid Andersson är forskare och lärare vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm. Hon föreläser också vid IFL Executive Education och SSE Russia. Lena undervisar i teoretisk och praktisk retorik, samt organisations- och ledarskapsteori. Hon har egna erfarenheter av ledarskap och hon föreläser i företag och organisationer. Lena har tidigare publicerat texter bland annat i antologierna Osynlig Företagsledning, Talandets lust och vånda och Invisible Management.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Trier, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 379-411).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 133-139.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed February 23, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-166).

No description available.

The ability of organizations to learn---the process by which individuals learn from direct experience and translate that learning into organizational doctrine and memory---largely determines the course and outcomes of organizational policymaking. A set of hypotheses derived from research in political psychology, learning studies, and organization theory are employed to assess the ability of one international organization, the United Nations, to learn from its history of peacekeeping operations, as manifested in the thinking and behaviour of five Secretaries-General. A conceptual model linking processes of organizational learning, individual personality characteristics, and the nature of the international system is developed and operationalized. On the basis of earlier research on learning in international relations, personality, and organizational change, this study illustrates how organizational learning takes place, what factors are necessary for it to occur, and under what conditions it is translated into policy change. This thesis contributes to the literature, by applying research in these distinct fields to international organization, by testing organizational theories of learning in a detailed case study of the Secretaries-General and the evolution of U.N. peacekeeping, and by providing new insights into the nature of international organizational learning and policy change.

Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 1996. / Shipping list no.: 98-0921-M. "November 1997." Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet from the Air University Press web site. Address as of 10/10/03: http://aupress.au.af.mil/SAAS%5FTheses/Clark/clark.pdf; current access is available via PURL.