This dissertation is an attempt to promote complementarity among churches in order to affect their activities in doing mission in the Vaal Triangle region. The study tends to uncover the potential of cooperation, unity and partnership in the Body of Christ in the area which may also be an example to the churches in other cities outside the Vaal Triangle. The purpose of this is to raise the consciousness of specialization of ministries in mission to achieve greater results through target evangelism. The literature review in the second chapter revealed the biblical and theological basis of the concept. In this context complementarity is explained as churches, Para church organizations, ministers and to a certain extent, government agencies, working together to complement one another with their distinctive resources, skills and abilities to tackle the crucial issues in their communities. The complementary approach that was implemented by the Apostles during the early church show case that we have different callings which when they are all put together, work in such a way that there can never be competition but partnership. Diversity of callings directs a diverse approach to a diverse society. The literature review also highlights that a complementary approach has been there even in the Old Testament and gives insight into other related concepts like stewardship and target evangelism. Due to the fact that there are diverse groups and that the Gospel must be preached to such, it becomes imperative to target such groups with 'specialists' that will meet the exact challenges among those groups. The growing understanding that Vaal Triangle with its political history is becoming a complex area with all diverse demographics, bring to light the possibility of churches working together as an organism in spite of their distinctiveness. These fast changing demographics oblige the churches to develop complementary strategies that will match the urban growth challenges in the area as well as the evolving societal problems. There are still some underlying challenges that the churches need to do in mission work to heal the traumatic effects resulting from the previous violent era. An empirical study done among few churches found out that the churches believe that a complementary approach is necessary. Although there has been a healthy cooperation and unity in the Vaal Triangle churches history, duplication and competition have also grown like weeds and has resulted in membership recycling (moving from church to church) and less fresh new conversions. As the city evolves, there are new dynamics that requires winsome partnerships, diversity, and ministry specialization as well as target evangelism. The conclusions that the research arrived at, gave rise to recommendations that are very practical to the context of the Vaal Triangle churches. / Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Studies/Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This dissertation is an attempt to promote complementarity among churches in order to affect their activities in doing mission in the Vaal Triangle region. The study tends to uncover the potential of cooperation, unity and partnership in the Body of Christ in the area which may also be an example to the churches in other cities outside the Vaal Triangle. The purpose of this is to raise the consciousness of specialization of ministries in mission to achieve greater results through target evangelism. The literature review in the second chapter revealed the biblical and theological basis of the concept. In this context complementarity is explained as churches, Para church organizations, ministers and to a certain extent, government agencies, working together to complement one another with their distinctive resources, skills and abilities to tackle the crucial issues in their communities. The complementary approach that was implemented by the Apostles during the early church show case that we have different callings which when they are all put together, work in such a way that there can never be competition but partnership. Diversity of callings directs a diverse approach to a diverse society. The literature review also highlights that a complementary approach has been there even in the Old Testament and gives insight into other related concepts like stewardship and target evangelism. Due to the fact that there are diverse groups and that the Gospel must be preached to such, it becomes imperative to target such groups with 'specialists' that will meet the exact challenges among those groups. The growing understanding that Vaal Triangle with its political history is becoming a complex area with all diverse demographics, bring to light the possibility of churches working together as an organism in spite of their distinctiveness. These fast changing demographics oblige the churches to develop complementary strategies that will match the urban growth challenges in the area as well as the evolving societal problems. There are still some underlying challenges that the churches need to do in mission work to heal the traumatic effects resulting from the previous violent era. An empirical study done among few churches found out that the churches believe that a complementary approach is necessary. Although there has been a healthy cooperation and unity in the Vaal Triangle churches history, duplication and competition have also grown like weeds and has resulted in membership recycling (moving from church to church) and less fresh new conversions. As the city evolves, there are new dynamics that requires winsome partnerships, diversity, and ministry specialization as well as target evangelism. The conclusions that the research arrived at, gave rise to recommendations that are very practical to the context of the Vaal Triangle churches. / Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Studies/Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).

Text in Afrikaans / In die post-koloniale tydsgewrig was die menseregte-situasie en bestaansomgewing van talle Afrikane die van konflik, korrupsie, onderdrukking, sosiale ongeregtigheid en menseslagting. As kontinentale eenheidsorganisasie het die OAE jare lank in gebreke gebly om die lot van mense in sy ledestate te verbeter. Eers teen die laat-sewentigerjare het die organisasie - hoofsaaklik as gevolg van internasionale druk - begin om werklik aan menseregte aandag te skenk. Die kulminasie hiervan was die Banjoel-handves vir menseregte in 1981. Dit is egter bekend dat die gebeure geen wesenlike verbetering en vordering in die menseregte-gesteldheid in Afrika teweeg gebring het nie. Teen hierdie agtergrond is gepoog om die geskiedenis van menseregte in Afrika en die OAE se rol hieromtrent te ontleed. Samehangend is ondersoek gedoen na die noodsaaklike elemente vir 'n menseregtebedeling op die kontinent - soos dit in der waarheid in die Banjoel-handves ten doel gestel is. Die belangrikste bevindings is onder meer dat * 'n botsing tussen pan-nasionale en nasionale belange in die OAE deurgaans ten diepste veroorsaak het dat die organisasie in gebreke was om die lot van talle Afrikane te verbeter; * die politieke bedelings en "regskultuur" van die afsonderlike Afrika-state tot dusver verhoed het dat die menseregte van die Banjoel-handves sinvol toegepas word; * indien die OAE sy menseregte-standaarde toegepas wil sien, die Afrika-leiers in afsonderlike verband eers daarmee erns moet maak; * gemeenskaplik aanvaarde politieke bedelings en legitieme regerings in Afrika voorwaardelik is vir die verwerkliking van die ideaal van 'n menseregte-bedeling op die kontinent. Sedert die negentigerjare is daar egter tekens wat hoop bied op 'n verbetering in die menseregte-situasie in Afrika. Dit geld veral vir die demokratisering van etlike state en die werksaamhede van die OAE se Menseregte-kommissie. Weens verskeie redes sal die organisasie se taak ten opsigte van menseregte vorentoe egter nie maklik wees nie. Die hoop beskaam egter nie dat die OAE, hoe gering ook al, 'n bydrae kan !ewer om die bestaansomgewing van talle Afrikane te verbeter - mits 'n groter realisme daaroor in die afsonderlike ledestate posvat. / In the post-colonial era the human rights situation of many Africans was one of conflict, repression, social injustice and bloodshed. For years the OAU failed to improve the lot of people in its member states. It was only during the late seventies that the OAU - mainly as a result of international pressure - began to pay attention to the principles of human rights. The culmination of this was the Banjul Charter of human rights in 1981. This brought about no real progress or improvement in the human rights situation in Africa, however. Against this background an attempt has been made to analyse the history of human rights in Africa and the role of the OAU in this regard. At the same time the essential elements of a human rights dispensation on this continent - as it has in fact been envisaged by the OAU - have been investigated. The most important findings include the following: * a clash between pan-national and national interests in the OAU was a fundamental reason why this organisation failed to improve the lot of Africans; * the political dispensations and "legal culture" of the African states have thus far prevented the meaningful application of the Banjul charter; * if the OAU wishes to see its human rights standards applied, the African leaders will first have to make serious attempts to do this separately and individually; * commonly accepted political dispensations and legitimate governments will have to be established in the OAU member states before the ideal of a human rights dispensation can become a reality in Africa. Since the nineties there have, however, been signs offering hope for an improvement in the human rights situation in Africa. This applies in particular to the democratisation of numerous states and the activities of the OAU's Human Rights Commission. For various reasons the future task of this organisation in regard to human rights will not be easy. There is hope, however, that the OAU will be able to make some contribution, however slight, to improving the environment of many Africans - provided a greater realism about this matter sets in the respective member states. / Political Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil. (Internasionale Politiek)

Discussions about the early films of Humphrey Jennings refer to his artistic and intellectual background to explain the nature and scope of his film work. Such discussions, however, tend to rely on highly selective and partial information from existing accounts. This tendency has over time created a form of orthodox opinion, an opinion which tends to regard Jennings as an artist and intellectual who, prior to full-time involvement with film, collaborated and worked on a diverse series of artistic and intellectual projects spread across a wide range of subjects and disciplines. These activities are seen as symptomatic of a mind which could not remain focussed on one particular endeavour. However Jennings` early wartime films express in quintessential form many of his ideas, and through a distinctive form of poetic expression celebrate both the civilian response to and the need for national unity under the threat of invasion. The aim of this thesis is to revise the existing understanding of Jennings' artistic and intellectual background and challenge the prevailing interpretations of his early propaganda films between 1939 and 1942. It is hoped to reveal how his artistic and intellectual pursuits and his film work represent a sustained and coherent intellectual and artistic exercise focussed on the nature of artistic technique. This focus dates from the activities of his parents and continues through his educational experiences at school and university. Simultaneously this engagement with the arts was informed and influenced by contemporary economic, social, cultural and political events. It is these factors which inform the nature and scope of his filmwork. In artistic, intellectual and political terms the series of films Jennings produced and directed between 1939 and 1942 represent in style and form a fundamental challenge to John Grierson's understanding of the meaning, nature and role of the documentary and propaganda film. Jennings' challenge to the Griersonian ideal of documentary film also contests the political meaning behind both pre-war documentary and wartime propaganda notions of national unity and the future post war settlement.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of History at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014 / It is important to note that much has been written on South Africa’s national Unity Government. Previous studies conducted on this topic were not as extensive as expected. Such studies were also unscientific, non-academic and more of journalistic writings. This lends credence to the necessity of undertaking an in-depth study on the topic which entails, inter alia, the impact of the Unity Government’s performance on various areas of governance from 1994-1999. The year 1994 is considered a turning point in the political history of South Africa. The people of South Africa gave the national Unity Government (GNU) a mandate through the country’s first democratic elections on the 27th April 1994 to embark on the fundamental transformation of the country. The upside of it was the trust and confidence that the black majority of South Africa had in the ANC-led government to redeem the country from high levels of unemployment, abject poverty, economic decline, to mention but a few. However, what was considered a set of solution to South Africa’s socio-economic problems, presented yet another set of challenges for the new government. Policy formulation and implementation became one of the major challenges of the unity government. The three parties in government namely, the African National Congress, Inkatha Freedom Party and the National Party did not always agree on issues of fundamental importance.On the education front, the statistical data point to service delivery and resource allocation challenges. Compared to learning institutions in white communities, some schools in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape and Free State, were inadequately resourced and service delivery was far from reality. The unequal distribution of resources became the order of the day. The need to ensure economic growth and development through sound economic principles and policies could not be over-emphasized in the prevailing circumstances. The NP was critical of the ANC’s economic policies and often criticized them in public. This hampered the envisaged collective effort to effectively address the economic ills of the country. Another area of challenge was the multi-party politics within the government. It was expected that the ANC, IFP and NP as part of the coalition government sing the same tune in order to advance the course of democracy in South Africa. However, this was not always the case. The IFP advocated for a federal state, the NP felt so strong about the need for power-sharing, while the ANC on the other hand, with compromised stance on unitary state, had serious reservations about such propositions. This caused serious divisions among the three parties and it had a negative and detrimental impact on their collaborative effort. Eventually, the NP deemed it fit to withdraw from the Unity Government; thereby swelling the opposition ranks. Failure to reconcile their differences created a dangerous loophole. Another responsibility, with which the unity government was charged, was the realignment of South Africa’s foreign relations. This was quite a difficult challenge to deal with given the country’s image in the global context. South Africa had lost credibility with the global community because of the apartheid policy whose cause she championed unreservedly since 1948 up until the 1990s. The Unity Government’s sole responsibility in this regard, was to change the perception of the global community through the establishment of sound international relations and the maintenance of diplomatic ties. This would help South Africa expand on her economic sphere through foreign trade and investment; which were critical to economic growth and development. The legacy left by the interim Unity Government, points to the inadequate capacitation and perhaps limited resources to efficiently respond to the needs and demands of the country. In the post 1999 period, South Africa was still confronted with persistent poverty, high levels of unemployment, unequal allocation and distribution of resources as well as service delivery challenges. The first five years of democracy in South Africa were such a robust political engagement. It could be termed a “trial and error” period. Challenges of diverse magnitudes under such conditions would often be inevitable. Negative criticism becomes a possible eventuality. In the case of South Africa, the Unity Government was perceived by most South African citizens as the agent of transformation despite its shortfalls.

An observer’s inference that multimodal signals come from a common underlying source can facilitate cross-modal binding in the temporal domain. This ‘unity assumption’ can cause asynchronous audiovisual speech streams to seem simultaneous (Vatakis & Spence, 2007), but follow-up work has been unable to replicate this effect for non-speech, musical events (Vatakis & Spence, 2008). Given that amplitude envelope (the changes in energy of a sound over time) has been shown to affect audiovisual integration, the current study investigates whether previous null findings with musical stimuli can be explained by the similarity in amplitude envelope between audiovisual conditions. To test whether amplitude envelope affects temporal cross-modal binding, Experiment 1 contrasted events with clearly differentiated envelopes: cello and marimba audiovisual stimuli. Participants performed an un-speeded temporal order judgments task; they viewed audio-visually matched (e.g. marimba auditory with marimba video) and mismatched (e.g. cello auditory with marimba video) versions of stimuli at various stimulus onset asynchronies and indicated which modality was presented first. As predicted, participants were less sensitive to temporal order (greater JNDs) in matched conditions, suggesting that the unity assumption facilitates synchrony perception outside of non-speech stimuli. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that when spectral information was removed, amplitude envelope alone could not facilitate the influence of audiovisual unity on temporal binding. We propose that both amplitude and spectral cues affect the percept of audiovisual ‘unity’, likely working in concert to help an observer determine the causal source of an auditory event. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The Gleason problem has been proven to be a complicated issue to tackle. In this thesiswe will conclude that a domain, Ω ⊂ R𝑛, has Gleason 𝑅-property at any point 𝑝 ∈ Ω, where 𝑅(Ω) ⊂ 𝐶∞(Ω) is the ring of functions that are real analytic in 𝑝. First, we investigate function spaces and give them fitting norms. Afterwards, we build a bump function that is then used to construct a smooth partition of unity on R𝑛. Finally, we show that some of the functionspaces, introduced earlier, have the Gleason property. Ultimately, we use our smooth partition of unity in order to prove that the statement above holds for domains in R2. Subsequently, with the same reasoning one can prove that the statement also holds for domains Ω ⊂ R𝑛.

Chaucer's fabliaux, particularly The Miller's Tale, The Merchant's Tale, and The Summoner's Tale, combine the crude humor associated with the genre with features of ?higher? genres, most notably the courtly romance tradition (for the first two tales), and the homiletic and scholarly debate traditions (for the last tale). The marriage of the scatology present in fabliaux with the characteristics of literary art is Chaucer's unique achievement and differentiates his tales from their analogues. This marriage occurs when characters of one class arrogate the types of discourse usually associated with another class. As a result of this discourse switching, the balancing of art and scatology in these three tales blurs the distinction between crudity and sophistication and makes the tales scatological art.