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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Rankings universit?rios promovidos por jornais no espa?o Ibero-Americano: El Mundo (Espanha), El Mercurio (Chile) e Folha de S?o Paulo (Brasil) / University rankings promoted by newspapers in Iberoamerica: El Mundo (Spain), El Mercurio (Chile) and Folha de S?o Paulo (Brazil)

Fran?a, Carlos Marshal 27 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS MARSHAL FRANCA.pdf: 1201605 bytes, checksum: a2ea2b2e561699418ed58da6484ec2d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / The last decades have been witnessing a centrality space to the so-called university rankings in Brazil, Ibero-american countries and the world, generated by official government institutes (public rankings) or from evaluations conducted by non-governmental agencies, often linked to media-segment companies (private rankings). The rising of the private rankings may be interpreted as result of the institutionalization process of an educational market of university education articulated to a moment in which remodeling processes of the National States are taking place and, intensified from the 1990 decade on, would have begun to operate based on principles typical of a market logic. The observation of the Ibero-american scenario allowed to identify three private rankings (50 Carreras - Los Mejores Centros Universit?rios; Ranking de Calidad de l?s Universidades Chilenas; and Ranking Universit?rio Folha RUF), generated and disseminated by press-media vehicles widely distributed in three important countries: El Mundo, in Spain; El Mercurio, in Chile; and Folha de S?o Paulo, in Brazil. The core objective of this work consists of studying these three private university rankings from a Compared Education perspective, aiming to understand their trajectory, functioning and the methodology employed to formulate them. The results of this investigation indicate that the scientific production concerning the rankings in the Iberoamerican space still is incipient. The comparative analysis conducted with the referred rankings showed closeness and separation points among them concerning the role performed by private rankings generated by newspapers of wide reach, the way each one addresses the issue of the complexity and diversity of the university national systems and the degree of objectivity or subjectivity from which their indicators are built. / As ?ltimas d?cadas v?m testemunhando um espa?o de centralidade para os chamados rankings universit?rios no Brasil, nos pa?ses ibero-americanos e no mundo, produzidos por inst?ncias governamentais oficiais (rankings p?blicos) ou a partir de avalia??es realizadas por ag?ncias n?o governamentais, vinculadas muitas vezes a empresas do segmento midi?tico (rankings privados). O surgimento de rankings privados pode ser interpretado como decorr?ncia do processo de institucionaliza??o de um mercado educacional de educa??o superior, articulado ao um momento em que se verificam processos de reforma dos Estados Nacionais que, intensificados a partir da d?cada de 1990, teriam passado a operar com base em princ?pios t?picos de uma l?gica de mercado. O exame do cen?rio ibero-americano permitiu identificar tr?s rankings privados (o 50 Carreras - Los Mejores Centros Universit?rios; o Ranking de Calidad de l?s Universidades Chilenas; e o Ranking Universit?rio Folha RUF) produzidos e disseminados por ve?culos de m?dia impressa de grande circula??o, em tr?s importantes pa?ses: o El Mundo, da Espanha; o El Mercurio, do Chile; e a Folha de S?o Paulo, do Brasil. O objetivo central do trabalho consiste em estudar, a partir de uma perspectiva da Educa??o Comparada, esses tr?s rankings universit?rios privados, buscando compreender sua trajet?ria, funcionamento e a metodologia utilizada para a formula??o dos mesmos. Os resultados desta investiga??o apontam que a produ??o cient?fica a respeito de rankings no espa?o ibero-americano ? ainda incipiente. A an?lise comparativa efetuada entre os tr?s rankings em quest?o evidenciou pontos de aproxima??o e de distanciamento entre os mesmos quanto ao papel desempenhado pelos rankings privados produzidos por jornais de grande circula??o; ? maneira como cada um deles trata a quest?o da complexidade e diversidade dos sistemas universit?rios nacionais; e quanto ao grau objetividade ou subjetividade a partir do qual s?o constru?dos seus indicadores.
12

Une analyse économique de la qualité et de l'efficience des universités et des systèmes universitaires : une comparaison au niveau international / An economic analysis of the quality and the efficiency of universities and university systems : an international comparison

Ferhat, Fouad 25 November 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse propose une analyse économique de la qualité et de l'efficience des universités et des systèmes universitaires au niveau international, à travers l'utilisation des indicateurs intrants et extrants et la méthode d'enveloppement des données (Data Envelopment Analysis DEA). La thèse est composée de quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre intitulé "les classements des universités : une mise en perspective critique" présente et évalue la pertinence des indicateurs intrants/extrants les plus utilisés par les classements des universités. Il est l'occasion d'exposer un certain nombre de critiques présentes dans la littérature et de focaliser sur un problème méthodologique répandu dans les classements. Il s'agit de l'utilisation des inputs (intrants) comme des mesures de la qualité des universités. Une telle pratique confond moyen et résultat et fait l'impasse sur les concepts de base des modèles de comptabilité en termes de fonction de production et d'efficience. Le deuxième chapitre intitulé "caractéristiques et classements des universités : autour de quelques facteurs capables d'expliquer les différences de performance entre les universités", compare les résultats de deux classements: QS-Times et Shanghai et propose une liste de facteurs capables d'expliquer pourquoi il existe de telles différences de qualité, selon ces classements, entre les universités. [...] Le troisième chapitre intitulé "la performance et l'efficience des universités et leurs déterminants: une évaluation à partir des classements mondiaux des universités et de la méthode DEA" évalue sur la base d'une méthode DEA l'efficience de 214 universités issues de 13 pays différentes afin de savoir si les universités les mieux classées parmi les classements traditionnels sont aussi les universités qui utilisent le mieux leurs ressources. [...] Enfin, le quatrième chapitre, titré "l'efficience des systèmes universitaires de 35 pays et leurs déterminants: une évaluation par la méthode DEA et le calcul des indices de Malmquist (2006-2012)" évalue l'efficience et les performances des systèmes universitaires de 35 pays. Il propose de nouveaux scores d'efficience globale qui viennent compléter les deux premières études sur ce sujet d’Agasisti (2011) et St. Aubyn et al (2009). Les nouveautés par rapport à l'article d'Agasisti (2011) sont au nombre de cinq: l'échantillon est plus important (35 pays au lieu de 18), la période d'observation est actualisée, l'évolution de l'efficience entre deux périodes est calculée, le nombre des intrants et des extrants incorporé dans chaque modèle est plus élevé et un modèle spécifique d'évaluation de l'efficience de la recherche est proposé. Il conforte la thèse selon laquelle les systèmes universitaires de la Suisse et du Royaume-Uni sont les plus efficients. Il montre aussi sur la base d'un calcul des indices de Malmquist qu'entre 2006 et 2012 l'efficience en matière d'enseignement des 35 systèmes universitaires évalués a eu tendance à diminuer alors que l'efficience de la recherche et de l'attractivité- réputation de ces mêmes systèmes a plutôt eu tendance à augmenter. Ce qui permet de mieux évaluer l'effet des réformes inspirées par l'usage du classement de Shanghai sur les systèmes universitaires. Ces réformes conduisent les enseignants-chercheurs à délaisser l'enseignement pour la recherche. / This thesis aims to economically analyze the quality and efficiency of universities and university systems at an international level of comparison, by using input/output indicators and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter entitled "university rankings: a critical perspective" presents and evaluates the relevance of inputs/outputs indicators used by most university rankings. It is the opportunity to present a number of criticisms found in the literature and focus on a common methodological problem in the rankings. It is the use of inputs as measures of university quality. This practice confuses means and results and ignores the basic concepts of accounting models in terms of production functions and efficiency. The second chapter entitled "characteristics and rankings of universities : around some factors that can explain the differences in performance between universities", compares the results of two rankings: QS-Times and Shanghai and offers a list of factors that may explain why there are such differences in quality, according to these rankings between universities. [...] The third chapter entitled "performance and efficiency of universities and their determinants: an evaluation using world university rankings and DEA methodology" evaluates on the basis of a DEA methodology the efficiency of 214 universities from 13 different countries, in order to find if the top ranked universities among traditional rankings are also universities that best utilize their financial and human resources. [...] The fourth chapter titled "efficiency of university systems in 35 countries and its determinants: an assessment by DEA methodology and the calculation of Malmquist indices (2006-2012)" assesses the efficiency and performance of university systems of 35 countries. It offers new scores for overall efficiency that complement the first two studies on this topic in the literature by Agasisti (2011) and St.Aubyn et al (2009). Compared to the article of Agasisti (2011), we identify five new developments in our study : the sample is higher (35 countries instead of 18), the observation period is updated, the evolution of efficiency between two periods is calculated, the number of inputs and outputs incorporated into each model is higher and a specific model for evaluating the efficiency of research is proposed. Our study confirms the thesis that the university systems of Switzerland and the United Kingdom are the most efficient. It also shows based on the calculations of Malmquist indices between 2006 and 2012 that teaching efficiency of 35 reviewed university systems has a tendency of declining while the research efficiency and that of attractivity-reputation is rather increasing. This allows a better assessment of the impact of reforms inspired by the Shanghai ranking on university systems. These reforms led the academic staff of universities to abandon their focus on teaching in favor of research activities.

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