The research has for objective to elaborate lines of direction that subsidize urban legislators and future interventions in marginal edges, being based on conceptual, theoretical beddings and methodological constituent of three methods - technician and existential - applied in the study area. To the procedures strict technician (Method of Reading of the Image of an Urban Area for its Whitewashing) of recognition of the typological morphologic characteristics of the landscape, of the problems and potentialities of the area and the discovery of the identity of the place, is added to the analysis of the experience human being and its capacity of reading of the urban image (Method of Analysis for Images and Method of Perception of the Urban Space), by means of research shows with mental interviews, maps, photographs and the interpretation of these results. The marginal edge of the city of Propriá, area of study, is not only presented while component of the urban landscape, but also for its character of ambient fragility and prominence in the economic and cultural life of the city, besides configuring an area of transition between urban and the natural one in proper, situated marginal city in the micro region of the hinterland of the San Francisco in Sergipe, where the balance of the ambient conditions is basic. It is excellent also for congregating characteristic that they make possible this marginal edge to serve as referential area for magnifying of the research in similar spaces. The general image of the area is gotten by the integration of the methods and interrelates a vision technique to another existential, main difference between the methods. The application of the first cited method allowed to distinguish as area-problem the stretch understood between the commercial center and the beach, for concentrating the biggest urban impediments, as potential area the urban emptiness located in the south extremity and the sheds of the old plants, as area of ambient interest the residential zones, as areas of ambient preservation the urban edge of the river and referential landmarks that give identity to the place. The existential methods, in which the procedures invest in deriving contents of the interpretation of the local inhabitants, make possible to conclude that the inhabitants possess an limited image of the edge, constructed from elements implanted to the long one of the time for diverse projects. Therefore, the methods applied in this research, exactly with its substantial differences, reveal complementary, favoring the analysis amplest of the ambient problematic complexity of the urban one. On the basis of the reached results, the research presents lines of direction that come to contribute with the elaboration of projects and urban plans next to the set of ideas of the sustainability, integrators and of valuation of the social and cultural aspects of each place. / A pesquisa tem por objetivo elaborar diretrizes que subsidiem legislações urbanísticas e futuras intervenções em orlas ribeirinhas, baseando-se em fundamentos conceituais, teóricos e metodológicos constituintes de três métodos - técnicos e vivenciais – aplicados na área de estudo. Aos procedimentos estritamente técnicos (Método de Leitura da Imagem de uma Área Urbana para sua Reabilitação) de reconhecimento das características morfotipológicas da paisagem, dos problemas e potencialidades da área e o desvendamento da identidade do lugar, é adicionada a análise da experiência humana e de sua capacidade de leitura da imagem urbana (Método de Análise Imagética e Método de Percepção do Espaço Urbano), por meio de pesquisas amostrais com entrevistas, mapas mentais, fotografias e a interpretação desses resultados. A orla ribeirinha do município de Propriá, área de estudo, apresenta-se não só enquanto componente da paisagem urbana, mas também pelo seu caráter de fragilidade ambiental e destaque na vida econômica e cultural da cidade, além de configurar uma área de transição entre o urbano e o natural em Própria, cidade ribeirinha situada na microrregião sertaneja do São Francisco em Sergipe, onde o equilíbrio das condições ambientais é fundamental. É relevante também por reunir características que possibilitam esta orla ribeirinha servir como área referencial para ampliação da pesquisa em espaços similares. A imagem geral da área é obtida pela integração dos métodos e inter-relaciona uma visão técnica a outra vivencial, principal diferença entre os métodos. A aplicação do primeiro método citado permitiu distinguir como área-problema o trecho compreendido entre o centro comercial e a Prainha, por concentrar os maiores entraves urbanos; como área potencial o vazio urbano localizado no extremo sul e os galpões das antigas fábricas; como área de interesse ambiental as zonas residenciais; como áreas de preservação ambiental a margem do rio e os marcos referenciais urbanísticos que dão identidade ao local. Os métodos vivenciais, nos quais os procedimentos investem em conteúdos oriundos da interpretação dos habitantes locais, possibilitaram concluir que os moradores possuem uma imagem limitada da orla, construída a partir de elementos implantados ao longo do tempo por diversos projetos. Por conseguinte, os métodos aplicados nesta pesquisa, mesmo com suas substanciais diferenças, mostram-se complementares, favorecendo a análise mais ampla da complexidade da problemática ambiental urbana. Com base nos resultados alcançados, a pesquisa apresenta diretrizes que venham a contribuir com a elaboração de projetos e planos urbanísticos mais próximos do ideário da sustentabilidade, integradores e de valorização dos aspectos sociais e culturais de cada local.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T13:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA ELIZABETH DOMINGOS DE SOUSA.pdf: 20816232 bytes, checksum: fad426c0ce0d05b1741582b7e173c73c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA ELIZABETH DOMINGOS DE SOUSA.pdf: 20816232 bytes, checksum: fad426c0ce0d05b1741582b7e173c73c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / Vale do Anhangaba? is a very specific public space and it is termed as residual in the central part of S?o Paulo city. It has been the object of many discussions, proposals, projects and interventions that have modified its landscape along the entire 20th century. This paper is aimed to understand the existing urban form in this Vale and its historical periods ? such as tea plantation, park, connection and roof slab from the reading of the morphological elements ? topography, urban layout, town square and buildings. The analysis of these elements, through the past urban intervention traces and socio-spatial processes that created the form, the function and the appropriation of the area, are based on the theoretical references of Jos? Garcia Lamas e Phillipe Panerai, the method of the perceptive legibility system of Kevin Lynch and the foundations of Gestalt Theory and the visual analysis of Gordon Cullen. The idea of this paper is to relate the understanding of urban forms and the reading of the covered space by the observer, in the dimensions of the street or the town square. The outcomes of this paper are to ponder over the possible ways to retake the public space form Vale. / O Vale do Anhangaba? ? um espa?o p?blico muito espec?fico e configurado como residual na ?rea central da cidade de S?o Paulo. Foi campo de in?meras discuss?es, propostas, projetos e interven??es que modificaram sua paisagem durante todo o s?culo XX. Este trabalho tem como objetivo entender a forma urbana existente neste Vale em seus per?odos hist?ricos ? como planta??o de ch?, como parque, como conex?o e como laje, a partir da leitura dos elementos morfol?gicos ? topografia, tra?ado urbano, espa?o aberto p?blico e edificado. A an?lise destes elementos, atrav?s dos vest?gios das interven??es urbanas passadas e dos processos socioespaciais que constitu?ram a forma, a fun??o e a apropria??o na ?rea, baseia-se nas refer?ncias te?ricas de Jos? Garcia Lamas e Phillipe Panerai, do m?todo do sistema perceptivo de legibilidade de Kevin Lynch, do crit?rio da teoria da Gestalt e da an?lise visual de Gordon Cullen. A ideia ? relacionar neste objeto de estudo a compreens?o das formas urbanas e a leitura do espa?o abrangido pelo observador, na escala da rua ou da pra?a. Busca-se, ao final da disserta??o, refletir sobre os caminhos poss?veis para a retomada do espa?o p?blico no Vale.

This study provides an in depth analysis of three temples dedicated to emperors in Roman Asia (western Asia Minor): the Temple of Divine Rulers at Aphrodisias, the Temple of Divine Rulers at Ephesus and the Temple of Zeus Philios and Trajan at Pergamon. Focusing on each case study in a separate chapter, the project provides a brief introduction to each city's history and a detailed discussion of each temple's name, dating, patronage structure, architectural form, sculptural program, and the application techniques of sculptural and architectural details. The study proposes an understanding of these temples as key monuments of constantly changing dynamic urban landscapes rather than simple symbolic gestures towards the Roman emperors. Utilizing Kevin Lynch's terminology, the project suggests close links between each monument and the already existing urban elements of each individual city, further strengthening its overall urban image. These structures were essential to their urban contexts, and their meanings and functions were directly linked to the culture and history of each city. Finally, the project demonstrates that through their architectural designs and sculptural programs, each temple emphasized the perspectives of the local elite. The methodology of the project involves a careful study of the city plans, an analysis of context-specific local features and finally a consideration of multiple-viewer perceptions. This dissertation aims to provide an alternative model for later studies in Roman provincial art and architecture. / text

Les plus grandes villes au monde disposent de plans 2D très détaillés des rues et des espaces publics. Ces plans contiennent des informations relatives aux routes, trottoirs, façades et objets urbains tels que, entre autres, les lampadaires, les panneaux de signalisation, les poteaux, et les arbres.De nos jours, certaines autorités locales, agences nationales de cartographie et sociétés privées commencent à adjoindre à leurs cartes de villes des informations en 3D, des choix de navigation et d'accessibilité.En comparaison des premiers systèmes de scanning en 3D d'il y a 30 ans, les scanners laser actuels sont moins chers, plus rapides et fournissent des nuages de points 3D plus précis et plus denses.L'analyse de ces données est difficile et laborieuse, et les méthodes semi-automatiques actuelles risquent de ne pas être suffisamment précises ni robustes. C'est en ce sens que des méthodes automatiques pour l'analyse urbaine sémantique en 3D sont nécessaires.Cette thèse constitue une contribution au domaine de l'analyse sémantique de nuages de points en 3D dans le cadre d'un environnement urbain.Nos méthodes sont basées sur les images d'élévation et elles illustrent l'efficacité de la morphologie mathématique pour développer une chaîne complète de traitement en 3D, incluant 6 étapes principales:i)~filtrage et pré-traitement;ii)~segmentation du sol et analyse d'accessibilité;iii)~segmentation des façades;iv)~détection d'objets;v)~segmentation d'objets;vi)~classification d'objets.De plus, nous avons travaillé sur l'intégration de nos résultats dans une chaîne de production à grande échelle.Ainsi, ceux-ci ont été incorporés en tant que ``shapefiles'' aux Systèmes d'Information Géographique et exportés en tant que nuages de points 3D pour la visualisation et la modélisation.Nos méthodes ont été testées d'un point de vue qualitatif et quantitatif sur plusieurs bases de données issues de l'état de l'art et du projet TerraMobilita.Nos résultats ont montré que nos méthodes s'avèrent précises, rapides et surpassent les travaux décrits par la littérature sur ces mêmes bases.Dans la conclusion, nous abordons également les perspectives de développement futur. / Most important cities in the world have very detailed 2D urban plans of streets and public spaces.These plans contain information about roads, sidewalks, facades and urban objects such as lampposts, traffic signs, bollards, trees, among others.Nowadays, several local authorities, national mapping agencies and private companies have began to consider justifiable including 3D information, navigation options and accessibility issues into urban maps.Compared to the first 3D scanning systems 30 years ago, current laser scanners are cheaper, faster and provide more accurate and denser 3D point clouds.Urban analysis from these data is difficult and tedious, and existing semi-automatic methods may not be sufficiently precise nor robust.In that sense, automatic methods for 3D urban semantic analysis are required.This thesis contributes to the field of semantic analysis of 3D point clouds from urban environments.Our methods are based on elevation images and illustrate how mathematical morphology can be exploited to develop a complete 3D processing chain including six main steps:i)~filtering and preprocessing;ii)~ground segmentation and accessibility analysis;iii)~facade segmentation,iv)~object detection;v)~object segmentation;and, vi)~object classification.Additionally, we have worked on the integration of our results into a large-scale production chain. In that sense, our results have been exported as 3D point clouds for visualization and modeling purposes and integrated as shapefiles into Geographical Information Systems (GIS).Our methods have been qualitative and quantitative tested in several databases from the state of the art and from TerraMobilita project.Our results show that our methods are accurate, fast and outperform other works reported in the literature on the same databases.Conclusions and perspectives for future work are discussed as well.

Dissertation declaring that The United States of America is a Fourth World Nation. It has earned this distinction as direct a result of the manner in which it was established, how it developed, and the fact that it has demonstratively failed to confront its ever-increasing disparity and unevenness. Fourth World Theory provides a foundation and framework for a critical investigation of society and culture though an analytical lens, and an examination of the inequities that are increasingly prevalent throughout a post-industrial, post-agrarian, post-developing space of inevitable decline.

This dissertation analyses the city in its contemporariness in particular, the South Sector of Uberlândia through particularities found in medium-sized cities (of such size and rank as that of Uberlândia). It discusses urban dispersion, searching for urbanistic guidelines towards improvement of the population s quality of life. The title of the work, Think, Construct and Live the City, reflects the structure of the text which subdivides the dissertation in its three chapters. To begin with, Think the City comprises an historic analysis of the urbanization of the city s territory and its political and economic evolution, understanding the social and spatial segregation process of the classes of income within the intraurban space of the city. Under these terms, it characterizes the contemporaneous society, its way of life and diversity of the profiles, and the reconfiguration of the centralities through the new forms of segregation. It proposes to define the concepts of urbanity, the relations with the process of segregation and fragmentation of the urban space and also understand the influence of the real estate market on the locations of the undertakings. Construct the City identifies the manner whereby the public and private agents, as well us the social movements, operate in the construction of the contemporary city, in addition to analysing a few undertakings in the region under study in order to understand, through the urban morphology, the operation of the urban design in the construction of the contemporary city and the pertinence of the urbanistic legislation. Live the City is aimed at attaining general guidelines for the urbanization and design of the city in order to generate a reflection on the ways whereby to improve the population s quality of life as well as the public spaces. The approach to this work results in a proposal for general guidelines towards the improvement of the population s quality of life in its social, economic and urbanistic aspects, further considering that any effective interference in the contemporary city should bear in mind the influence of the economic and social aspects on the urbanistic interventions, in order to carry out design projects which can be effectively established in the cities, changing the culture in force regarding the depreciation of the role of the architect and the governing improvisation in the planning processes of our cities. / Esta dissertação analisa a cidade na contemporaneidade - especificamente o Setor Sul de Uberlândia, através das particularidades encontradas nas cidades médias, sua dispersão urbana, e busca diretrizes urbanísticas para melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. O título do trabalho, Pensar, Construir e Viver a cidade, reflete a estrutura do texto que subdivide a dissertação em seus três capítulos. Inicialmente, Pensar a Cidade compreende uma análise histórica da urbanização do seu território e sua evolução política e econômica, entendendo o processo de segregação sócio-espacial das classes de renda dentro do espaço intraurbano da cidade. Nestes termos, caracteriza-se a sociedade contemporânea, seus modos de vida e diversidade de perfis e a reconfiguração das centralidades através das novas formas de segregação. Busca-se definir conceitos de urbanidade, as relações com o processo de segregação e fragmentação do espaço urbano e ainda entender a influência do mercado imobiliário nas localizações dos empreendimentos. Construir a Cidade identifica a forma de atuação dos agentes públicos, privados e dos movimentos sociais na construção da cidade contemporânea e analisa alguns empreendimentos da região em estudo, a fim de compreender, através da morfologia urbana, a atuação do desenho urbano na construção da cidade contemporânea e a pertinência da legislação urbanística. Em Viver a Cidade, propõem-se diretrizes gerais para urbanização e desenho da cidade, de modo a gerar uma reflexão sobre formas de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população e dos espaços públicos. A abordagem desse trabalho resulta em uma proposta de diretrizes gerais para melhoria da qualidade de vida da população urbana, nos seus aspectos sociais, econômicos e urbanísticos, considerando que qualquer interferência efetiva na cidade contemporânea deve considerar a influência dos aspectos econômicos e sociais para as intervenções urbanísticas, a fim de efetivar projetos de desenho que possam se estabelecer de maneira efetiva nas cidades, alterando a cultura vigente de depreciação do papel do arquiteto e da improvisação regente nos processos de planejamento de nossas cidades. / Mestre em Arquitetura e Urbanismo

L'urbanisation et la gestion de l'environnement urbain et sa périphérie deviennent l'un des problèmes les plus cruciaux dans les pays développés et en développement. Dans ces circonstances, les données de télédétection sont une source importante d'information qui reflète les interactions entre les êtres humains et leur environnement. Compte tenu de leur indépendance totale des contraintes logistiques sur le terrain, l'éclairage (lumière du jour) et météorologiques (nuages) conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) les systèmes de satellites peuvent fournir des contributions importantes dans des environnements complexes de reconstruction 3-D. La nouvelle génération de haute résolution SAR capteurs comme COSMOSkyMed, TerraSAR-X RADARSAT-2 a permis d'acquérir des images SAR à haute résolution. Ici, l'attention est mis sur la technique pour l'imagerie 3-D nominée tomographie SAR: à partir d'une pile d'images ont été recueillies en utilisant les données multibaseline effectuées dans la configuration interférométrique, une telle technique permet d'extraire les informations de hauteur formant une ouverture synthétique dans la direction d'élévation afin d'obtenir une résolution sensiblement améliorée. Cette thèse de doctorat se concentre sur les potentialités élevées de techniques tomographiques en 3-D surveillance des changements et la caractérisation des zones complexes et denses bâties en utilisant des estimateurs mono-dimensionnelle de base comme Beamforming, Capon et MUSIC combinée au satellite très haute résolution des images SAR. 2-D et de l'analyse 3-D ont été présentés sur la zone urbaine de Paris en utilisant les données TerraSAR-X à haute résolution et de polarisation unique. Être porté principalement sur les techniques tomographiques 3-D, dans les méthodes de travail 4-D présentés, tels que le Compressive Sensing, ne sont pas pris en compte. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse de la qualité interférométrique de l'ensemble de données transformées a montré de bonnes valeurs de cohérence moyenne et ont permis de détecter des images considérées comme des valeurs aberrantes. L'extraction des tomographies 2-D sur l'azimut différent de profil a montré la capacité de distinguer plus d'un diffuseur à l'intérieur de la même cellule de résolution et de reconstituer les profilés de construction verticaux. Successivement, une caractérisation 3-D globale en terme de bâtiments hauteurs et réflectivité verticale a été réalisée dans le but de développer un outil de suivi des changements des structures simples. En outre, la possibilité de corriger les distorsions géométriques en raison de l'escale (qui affecte fortement ce genre de scénarios) et de déterminer les informations sur le nombre de diffuseurs (jusqu'à trois) et la réflectivité correspondant à l'intérieur d'une cellule de résolution ont été évalués. / The urbanization and the management of urban environment and its periphery become one of the most crucial issues in developed and developing countries. In these circumstances, remote sensing data are an important source of information that reflects interactions between human beings and their environment. Given their complete independence from logistic constraints on the ground, illumination (daylight), and weather (clouds) conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite systems may provide important contributions in complex environments 3-D reconstruction. The new generation of high resolution SAR sensors as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 allowed to acquire high resolution SAR imagery. Here the attention is put on the 3-D imaging technique called SAR Tomography: starting from a stack of images collected using multibaseline data performed in interferometric configuration, such a technique allows to retrieve height information forming a synthetic aperture in the elevation direction in order to achieve a substantially improved resolution. The present PhD thesis is focused on the high potentialities of tomographic techniques in 3-D change monitoring and characterization for complex and dense built-up areas using basic mono-dimensional estimators as Beamforming, Capon and MUSIC combined to very high satellite SAR resolution imagery. 2-D and 3-D analysis have been presented over the urban area of Paris using TerraSAR-X data at high resolution and single polarisation. Being mainly focused on the 3-D tomographic techniques, in the presented work 4-D methods, such as compressive sensing (CS), have not been taken into account. At first, the analysis of the interferometric quality of the processed data set has been performed and results showed good mean coherence values within the entire stack. The extraction of 2-D tomograms over different azimuth-profile has showed the capabilities to distinguish more than one scatterer within the same resolution cell and to reconstruct the vertical building profiles. Successively, a global 3-D characterization both in term of buildings heights and vertical reflectivity has been performed in order to develop a monitoring tool for the changes of single structures. Moreover, the possibility to correct the geometric distortions due to the layover (that strongly affects such kind of scenarios) and to determine the information about the number of scatterers (up to three) and the corresponding reflectivity within one resolution cell have been evaluated. Moreover an innovative time stability analysis of the observed scene have been carried out in order to detect the stable and unstable scatterers. Globally, the investigations showed noisier and sparser point clouds for the Capon method, whereas better capabilities for the Beamforming and MUSIC ones. Indeed, it was possible to detect different scatterers located within the same resolution cell and to resolve pixels affected by the layover. This has lead to perform a good reconstruction of building shape and location and a good estimation of their elevation. The 3-D time stability analysis demonstrated the possibility to monitor the 3-D change depending on the time. Eventually, it is possible to assert that processing high resolution SAR data allows to achieve a strong improvement in 3-D imaging capabilities. It has been demonstrated the potentialities of TomoSAR technique in distortions correction and in 3-D change monitoring using basic mono-dimensional estimators.

This thesis aims to create a complex urban analysis of the Obchodna street in the Bratislava city centre. It aims to identify the key problems and provide a conceptual solution for them as well. It focuses on general background analysis and planning documentation, as well as an analysis of the public space. A combination of distant and field research was used to gather the necessary data. All gathered data was subsequently processed and evaluated. Key problems and their solutions were defined on the basis of SWOT analysis. These solutions consist mostly of minor and easy changes, which can help to improve the public space in Obchodna and fulfil its potential.

The diploma thesis deals with village settlements in the Czech Republic. First, the term village and other related terms are defined. The village is perceived from the point of view of legislation and spatial planning. The introductory part also includes a description of the historical development and structure of the villages and mentions folk architecture. The main part of the work is focused on the current state of Czech villages. There is a general analysis covering areas such as public space, public amenities, green, transport, monuments, or new development. The analysis was applied to villages located in the administrative district of the municipality with extended powers of Kroměříž and to the municipality of Rataje. Based on the findings, it evaluates villages and outlines the possibilities for their future development.

This Diploma Thesis deals with the panel housing estate Brno Bohunice built in 1972 – 1989. A special attention is devoted to public space between the Moldavska and Ukrajinska streets. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis outlines the history of panel housing estates from their inception to the present. Further, it deals with public space and regeneration of panel housing estates. There follows an overview of the panel housing estate Bohunice and its brief development. The practical part focuses on an analysis of the selected area. On this basis the urban concept of regeneration of the defined area is articulated. The aim of the proposal is to create functional and sustainable public space in the area of the panel housing estate Bohunice. Ideally, this work could become a basis and impulse for the regeneration of public spaces in the Bohunice housing estate, as well as in other panel housing estates in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to outline the complex issues of public spaces of panel housing estates and the possibilities of their improvement.