Esta tese aborda diferentes experiências juvenis observadas em variados contextos etnográficos em duas localidades em periferias do município de São Paulo: Cidade Ademar, na zona sul, e Brasilândia, na zona norte. A partir de uma perspectiva multilocalizada, a pesquisa buscou entender como as experiências juvenis modificavam e eram modificadas por outras experiências como as escolares, territoriais (de moradores da periferia), tecnológicas, além das de gênero, classe social e raça. Assim, com base em etnografias realizadas de maneiras e intensidades diferentes em cinco escolas, atentou-se para a importância de dois aspectos no cotidiano dos jovens: o lúdico e o tecnológico. A centralidade das tecnologias mostrou-se de forma bastante contundente nas experiências juvenis por meio dos telefones celulares acionados em sala de aula, da internet, dos games e dos sons automotivos emitidos em volume elevado nas festas funks produzidas no espaço da rua. As interações que os jovens estabeleciam com os itens tecnológicos mantinham fortes associações com o lúdico, muitas vezes esse também marcado por particularidades de gênero. Em suas múltiplas relações com o cômico, o jocoso, o festivo e o agonístico nas experiências juvenis contemporâneas, a questão da ludicidade mostrou-se como um componente importante não apenas do cotidiano das escolas muitas vezes desestabilizando a ordem institucional destas como também de outros contextos e práticas como as lan houses e a música funk. / This thesis presents as content, different youth experiences as observed in a variety of ethnographical contexts from two different locations in São Paulo city outskirts: Cidade Ademar, southern district, and Brasilândia, northern district. From a multi-sited point of view, the research aimed to raise understanding on how changeable youth experiences are, and how the experiences themselves are changed by other issues, such as education, territory (where they dwell), technology, as well as issues related to gender, class and race. Thus, based on ethnographies carried out in different manners and with different degrees of intensity in five schools, two aspects have received special focus on day to day youth activities: playfulness and technology. Technology was seen as a pivotal element, given its sturdiness within youth experiences, through the use of mobile phones in the classroom, the Internet, games and the sound of loud music reverberating from automobiles, creating space for street funk parties. The interactions between the youth and their technological gadgets, presented a strong connection with playfulness, often characterized by particularities common to the modality. The multiple relations between comic, humorous, jolly and agonistic features in contemporary experiences faced by the youth, have turned playfulness into a very important element, not only in everyday experiences at school often disturbing institutional order but also in other contexts and practices such as the use of lan houses (internet cafes), and carioca funk music get togethers.

Esta tese aborda diferentes experiências juvenis observadas em variados contextos etnográficos em duas localidades em periferias do município de São Paulo: Cidade Ademar, na zona sul, e Brasilândia, na zona norte. A partir de uma perspectiva multilocalizada, a pesquisa buscou entender como as experiências juvenis modificavam e eram modificadas por outras experiências como as escolares, territoriais (de moradores da periferia), tecnológicas, além das de gênero, classe social e raça. Assim, com base em etnografias realizadas de maneiras e intensidades diferentes em cinco escolas, atentou-se para a importância de dois aspectos no cotidiano dos jovens: o lúdico e o tecnológico. A centralidade das tecnologias mostrou-se de forma bastante contundente nas experiências juvenis por meio dos telefones celulares acionados em sala de aula, da internet, dos games e dos sons automotivos emitidos em volume elevado nas festas funks produzidas no espaço da rua. As interações que os jovens estabeleciam com os itens tecnológicos mantinham fortes associações com o lúdico, muitas vezes esse também marcado por particularidades de gênero. Em suas múltiplas relações com o cômico, o jocoso, o festivo e o agonístico nas experiências juvenis contemporâneas, a questão da ludicidade mostrou-se como um componente importante não apenas do cotidiano das escolas muitas vezes desestabilizando a ordem institucional destas como também de outros contextos e práticas como as lan houses e a música funk. / This thesis presents as content, different youth experiences as observed in a variety of ethnographical contexts from two different locations in São Paulo city outskirts: Cidade Ademar, southern district, and Brasilândia, northern district. From a multi-sited point of view, the research aimed to raise understanding on how changeable youth experiences are, and how the experiences themselves are changed by other issues, such as education, territory (where they dwell), technology, as well as issues related to gender, class and race. Thus, based on ethnographies carried out in different manners and with different degrees of intensity in five schools, two aspects have received special focus on day to day youth activities: playfulness and technology. Technology was seen as a pivotal element, given its sturdiness within youth experiences, through the use of mobile phones in the classroom, the Internet, games and the sound of loud music reverberating from automobiles, creating space for street funk parties. The interactions between the youth and their technological gadgets, presented a strong connection with playfulness, often characterized by particularities common to the modality. The multiple relations between comic, humorous, jolly and agonistic features in contemporary experiences faced by the youth, have turned playfulness into a very important element, not only in everyday experiences at school often disturbing institutional order but also in other contexts and practices such as the use of lan houses (internet cafes), and carioca funk music get togethers.

Les périphéries des villes syriennes, les unes agricoles ou maraîchères, les autres désertiques, ont connu au cours des dernières décennies du XXème siècle un puissant mouvement d’urbanisation, qui a très souvent donné naissance à des quartiers non réglementaires ; ceux-ci occupent en moyenne 40% du territoire des agglomérations et à peu près le même pourcentage de leur population. La ville de Lattaquié, chef-lieu de mohafazat et principale ville de la Syrie méditerranéenne, se situe pratiquement au niveau de cette moyenne nationale. La thèse est consacrée d’abord à analyser les raisons pour lesquelles les quartiers « clandestins » occupent une telle place alors que les pouvoirs publics n’ont cessé pendant des années de nier leur réalité. L’analyse combine l’intensité des mouvements migratoires vers la ville, les faibles résultats de la production de logements sociaux par l’Etat, l’impéritie des sociétés immobilières publiques, le très faible investissement des capitaux privés dans le logement locatif, et enfin les contraintes multiples imposées tant par les pouvoirs publics que par la municipalité de Lattaquié aux auto-constructeurs ou aux petits promoteurs privés (gel du foncier, plans d’aménagement urbain non publiés, difficultés d’obtention des permis de construire, etc.). La thèse vise ensuite à étudier les changements opérés dans le champ de la production urbaine et de l’urbanisme à partir de l’an 2000 et de l’arrivée au pouvoir de Bachar Al-Assad. Après une analyse des changements intervenus au plan national, elle cherche à en mesurer les effets au plan local (Lattaquié). Elle insiste sur la généralisation de la tolérance envers les quartiers non réglementaires, l’émergence (lente) de politiques de requalification des quartiers de ce type, la réalisation d’un grand programme de logements sociaux subventionnés par l’Etat, apparition de quelques résidences « fermées » pour classes riches. / The outskirts of the Syrian’s cities, some of theme agriculturals or maraichers, others deserts, have known in the course of the last decades of the 20the century a strong movement of urbanization, which often have given rise to informal settlement ; those occupy on average 4% of the territory of agglomerations, and more or less, the same percentage of their inhabitants. The city of Lattakia, Capital of a mohafazat and a main city of the Mediterranean Syria, is practically situated on the same national level. This thesis is devoted, at first, to analyze the reasons for what, theses informal settlements occupy so much of place while the authorities have not stopped, during a years, to deny their reality. The analyze combine the intensity of the movement of migration toward the city, the slight result of the production of social housing by the State, the disability Of the public housing Societies, the very slight investment of the private capitals in the rented housing, last the many constraints imposed both by the authority and by the municipality of Lattakia on the auto-constructor and the little property developers (freeze land, non published developing plan, difficulty to obtaining a licence of construction, etc.). Then, the thesis aim to study the changes happened in the domain of the urban production and the urban planning starting from the year 2000 and the ascent of Bashar Al Assad to the power. After an analyze of the changes happened on the national level, the thesis try to measure the effects on the local one (Lattakia). It stress the generalization of the tolerance toward the informal settlements, the (slow) rising of upgrade policy for these type of settlements, the realisation of a social housing program subsidized by the state, the appearance of some “gated” housing for the rich class.