State violence in Egypt is an embedded part of daily life and popular culture, and well documented in social and news media. The uprisings of January 11, which took place in Egypt were organized in large part against violence and torture regularly delivered by police forces. In this dissertation I examine the implications of chronic state violence on everyday life for low-income Egyptians. In doing so, this dissertation provides analysis of how violence shapes forms of intimacy within social life, how it shapes urban landscapes and the politics therein and how it informs individual piety and banal practices of security. This work contributes to studies within feminist geopolitics, memory and emotion within geography by understanding the lives of Cairenes through their experience of the landscape and places they inhabit, maneuver through, and create with the memory and threat of state violence. The project focuses on four selected sites in Greater Cairo: Kholousy Street in Shoubra, Musky Market in Old Cairo, Cairo University in Giza, and Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo. These sites have been chosen because they represent different nodes of daily life (shopping, leisure, education, and political participation) for low-income Cairenes. Research methods include participant observation at the four sites, eleven focus groups and thirty-one interviews with low-income Cairo residents in two age cohorts: one group of participants between the ages of 18 and 26, and a second cohort between the ages of 49 and 57. For each of these questions, this project provides a gender sensitive comparison of the two age cohorts in order to gain insight into the role of youth and memory and gender in Cairenes’ interpretations and representations of the Mubarak era and the recent revolution.

Harm minimisation approaches to illicit drug use have proven extremely successful in reducing drug-related harm and improving health outcomes for those using drugs, their families and the broader community. Despite these successes, however, many harm minimisation programmes face strong community opposition, and many others are limited in their effectiveness by their reluctance to acknowledge the complex ways in which drug using contexts, social relationships, desire, pleasure and aesthetics are involved in the production and reduction of drug-related harm.[NP] Deleuze and Guattari’s ethico-aesthetic philosophy offers a conceptual framework through which to begin to grapple with the sensory and affective elements of illicit drug use and their implications for an embodied ethics. Following an introduction to their key concepts, this thesis explores the implications of their ontology for understandings of injecting drug use across four inter-related dimensions: the drug using body; urban spaces of injecting; public overdose memorials; and drug referenced, ‘heroin chic’ advertising imagery. It argues that aesthetics and ethics are complexly intertwined, and that ethically positive responses to drug use require an active appreciation of the ways in which aesthetics affect bodies and their capacities to form relations with others

Entre la fin des années 1960 et les années 1980, la ville de Paris a connu à la fois une période de grande transformation urbaine et un changement dans les stratégies de cette transformation par rapport aux héroïques Trente Glorieuses. L'analyse de ces modifications architecturales et urbaines et les processus de leur mise en œuvre sont souvent basés sur le point de vue de la morphologique ou des politiques urbaines. De plus, en France, l'étude des processus de décision et des transformations urbaines relève des sciences sociales. Cela a abouti à une malheureuse séparation des approches académiques: l'une portant sur la recherche du lien entre les politiques ou les théories de la communauté architecturale et les projets, alors que l'autre considère l'espace urbain déjà transformé comme un point de départ pour l'analyse sociale. Cette recherche vise à étudier l'écart entre ces deux approches méthodologiques influentes en France dans les années 1970 et 1980, grâce à une étude dans le domaine de l'histoire urbaine. Le principal objectif de la thèse est d'explorer le rôle de l'Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (ci-après APUR), une entité bureaucratique chargée de tâches multiples, dans le contexte du décalage entre rénovation et forme urbaine quant à la ville de Paris. Entre 1967 et 1989, l'APUR a joué un rôle essentiel dans la traduction du passage susmentionné en termes opérationnels, en créant un lien avec les institutions qui ont le pouvoir de transformer de vastes zones de la capitale française. Cela fut possible grâce au processus de négociation entre des institutions entre elles et avec les architectes et designers urbains dans lequel APUR a joué un rôle important. Dans ce contexte, la recherche étudiera également la relation entre les références culturelles et les processus par lesquels les espaces urbains sont convertis. Deux cas d'études nous permettent d'analyser ces changements urbains et le rôle joué par l'APUR: les transformations des Halles Centrales de Paris, et les projets pour le Secteur de la Villette, en particulier ceux de la place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, de 1985 à 1989) et le Parc de la Villette au cours du premier concours organisé par l'APUR (1976).Ces deux cas sont liés. D'une part, ils illustrent un point de vue culturel; d'autre part, ils rendent compte des processus institutionnels et politiques, montrant une transformation qui s'est produite dans toute la ville. Enfin, ils croisent la trajectoire de certains des personnages les plus emblématiques de l'architecture française de l'époque. L'un d'eux était Bernard Huet, un enseignant, théoricien, critique et concepteur qui a joué un rôle fondamental dans la définition d'un nouveau paradigme culturel. La recherche montre un changement dans le processus de transformation de l'espace urbain à Paris. Les pratiques sont passées de projets qui ont été générés par un débat animé, fortement lié aux sciences sociales contemporaines françaises, à une normalisation successive des projets urbains et d'un imaginaire urbain ainsi qu'à une légitimation culturelle de l'APUR. Le rôle crucial de l'APUR dans les deux cas d'études est analysé en comparant les archives de l'Atelier, celles des architectes impliqués dans les projets urbains ainsi que les fonds ministériels et présidentiels. Les sources orales sont limitées à un rôle de contrôle. Enfin ce travail vise à mettre en évidence le processus de « faire la ville » en soulignant le rôle d'une bureaucratie publique dans les transformations urbaines qui mènent, entre 1967 et 1989,à la conception contemporaine de la ville de Paris / Between the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris

A majority of Sweden’s population, about 80 %, lives in urban environments, and a majority of them live in residential complexes with shared residential yards. People spend a large part of their time in or around their home, which is why the outside environment and the green space in the area play an important part in a person’s well being. The green yard offers space for children’s activities, recreation, solitude, relaxation and gardening and gives the opportunity to learn and understand nature and its processes. The green yard also constitutes a part of the city’s factual green structure, informal green spaces that are not owned by the city and are therefore not included in the formal planning processes. The green residential yards also provide a number of ecosystem services such as climate regulation, purification of water and air and rainwater infiltration, all of which are of importance in the fight against climate change. The goal of this thesis has been to present the advantages an improved planning and maintenance of the urban green space and the residential yard in particular can offer. A number of important properties and functions that affect a yard’s functionality and how it is perceived are also presented and explained. The paper also aims to offer a better understanding of the garden’s role in improving the social conditions in the neighbourhood, and of the importance of involving the residents in planning and maintaining the green spaces. A number of case studies and analyses offer a more concrete perspective on the real world situations, and of successful refurbishment projects. Involving the residents in the formal planning and building processes has been proved to have positive effects on revitalising areas such as Gårdsten in Göteborg. Tenant involvement in open space management can lead to a positive spiral where people start caring for and identifying themselves with their neighbourhood, which can reduce the degree of stigmatisation and marginalisation.

Le roman espagnol contemporain a vu l’émergence dans les années 1990 d’un ensemble de romans publiés par une cohorte de jeunes auteurs regroupés par les critiques sous le nom de «Generación X», appellation sans doute problématique dont nous tenterons néanmoins de délimiter les contours. Nés dans les années 1960, ces auteurs mettent en scène une jeunesse désenchantée dans l'ère des mass media et empreinte de culture rock et punk, à laquelle les critiques les ont souvent assimilés, évoluant dans un cadre résolument urbain (généralement Madrid), qu’ils connaissent pour en avoir souvent été acteurs avant de le mettre en scène. Représentants d’une culture éclectique et contemporaine, la ville et l’univers « underground » et marginal que les romans représentent sont profondément marqués par l’omniprésence de l’image et de la musique, et par le rythme accéléré de la vie moderne. Cela se manifeste dans les modalités d’une écriture novatrice et hétérarchique qui repose sur un mécanisme référentiel imposant et où s’entremêlent différents codes sémiotiques et où le langage de la rue est reproduit de façon mimétique. Ces aspects sont ceux qui permettent d'affirmer la convergence de ces auteurs dans un ensemble de textes qui davantage que le critère biologique permet de les rassembler et de dire que ces romans constituent un jalon dans le mouvement généralisé de retour au réel. Notre thèse consistera à étudier ces aspects, la représentation de la société qui se dégage des romans à travers le traitement et le dépassement des instances classiques du réalisme, et notamment la façon dont les différentes visions et représentations de la ville s’opposent et se superposent pour participer à l’élaboration du portrait d’un secteur dérangeant de la société espagnole de la fin du XXème siècle, qui justifie l’emploi du terme de "realismo sucio" pour qualifier l’esthétique de ces romans. Nous proposerons une approche d’une pluralité de textes représentatifs publiés entre 1990 et 1999 par Francisco Casavella,Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa,José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre ou encore Roger Wolfe. / Contemporary Spanish novel saw the emergence in the 1990's of an ensemble of novels published by a group of young authors gathered together by critics under the name of " Génération X ", doubtless problematic naming of which limits we shall nevertheless try to define. Born in the 1960s, these authors represent a disillusioned youth in mass media's era,a youth suffused with rock and punk culture to which the critics often likened them, evolving in a decisively urban space (generally Madrid), that they know for being themselves actors of this scenery before staging it. Representatives of an eclectic and contemporary culture, the city and the " underground " and marginal universe which they represent are profoundly marked by the omnipresence of image and music, and by the accelerated rhythm of modern life. It shows in the modalities of an innovative writing based on an imposing mechanism of references, where various semiotic codes are mixed and where language of the street is mimetically reproduced. These aspects are what authorize us to mantain that more than the authors it is an ensemble of novels that converge and constitute a stage in a generelized realistic turn. Our thesis will consist in studying what kind of overview of spanish society emerges from the way this litterature processes the construction of characters, time and space, and how various visions and representations of the city get confronted and overlap to participate in the elaboration of the portrait of a disturbing sector of the end of the XXth century Spanish society, which justifies the use of the term of " realismo sucio " to qualify the esthetics of these authors. We shall propose an approach of representatives published between 1990 and 1999 by Francisco Casavellas, Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa, José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre and Roger Wolfe.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apreender a relação entre a atuação dos programas de produção habitacional (Resolução 460, Programa de Subsídio Habitacional e Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento/Metrô), nas comunidades - Cooperativa Bom Fim, Vila Brás e Loteamento Padre Orestes – e a incidência na produção do espaço urbano da região Nordeste da cidade de São Leopoldo/RS. O trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a produção do espaço urbano e a implementação de políticas de habitação social. Aproximando as leituras para o lócus da pesquisa, a cidade de São Leopoldo, o estudo buscou conhecer os processos sociais e espaciais de formação das comunidades e da cidade e como se desenvolveram as políticas habitacionais de interesse social e em particular os programas de produção habitacional Resolução 460, Programa de Subsídio Habitacional e Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento/METRÔ. Assim, a pesquisa demonstra que as comunidades, no processo de formação, consolidaram-se enquanto lugares de sobrevivência para as famílias desprovidas de condição financeira para acessar a cidade, a partir do mercado imobiliário. E, também como lugares de resistência à produção desigual do espaço urbano. A atuação dos programas habitacionais nestes lugares deve ir além do produto final “a casa”, promovendo um processo de implementação das ações que articule outros elementos necessários à garantia do direito à moradia digna e à cidade. / The objective of the present study is to apprehend the relationship between the performance of housing production programs (460 Resolution, Housing Subsidy Program and Growth Acceleration Program/Metro)…) in the communities Cooperativa Bom Fim, Vila Brás and Loteamento Padre Orestes, and its incidence in urban space production in the northern part of the city of São Leopoldo/RS. A reflection about urban space production and social housing policies implementation is proposed. In approaching our research locus – the city of São Leopoldo – the study sought to learn about the social and spatial processes of constitution of the city and its communities and how housing policies of social interest were developed, especially the housing programs 460 Resolution, Housing Subsidy Program and Growth Acceleration Program/Metro. The research has shown that those communities, in their constitution process, have consolidated themselves as survival places for families lacking financial means to access the city from its real estate market, as well as resistance against the unequal production of the urban space. The performance of housing programs in these places must go beyond its final product – a house – promoting an implementation process of the actions articulating other elements necessary to guarantee housing and city rights to the citizens.

Propôs-se nesta pesquisa trabalhar a temática da violência, delimitando como objeto de estudo a violência criminal no espaço urbano. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar geograficamente a dinâmica da violência criminal no espaço urbano de Santa Maria-RS, por meio da espacialização dos dados criminais, considerando a organização sócio-espacial da cidade. Desse modo, realizou-se um mapeamento de crimes por bairro, constatando que a zona central, a zona norte e a zona oeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de criminalidade. Na contextualização desta pesquisa analisou-se que a violência “visível” pode influenciar o modo de vida das pessoas e a organização do espaço urbano, assim como o medo da violência faz com que muitas pessoas modifiquem seus hábitos. Em Santa Maria, verifica-se que a organização do espaço urbano de forma segregada, em certos casos, pode exercer influência no processo da criminalidade. Além disso, constatou-se que a visibilidade da violência é mais notória sobre as pessoas de baixo poder aquisitivo, sendo menos perceptível entre a população maior renda. Contudo, tem-se a clareza de que a prática de crimes pode estar vinculada a qualquer estrato social. / The object of this research is to work with the violence issue, boundering as the study object the urban space violence. The research has the objective of analize geographically the dynamics of criminal violence in the urban space of Santa Maria RS, by means of the spacial treatment of the related considering the social-space of this city. In such way we have traced the criminal cartographic distribution on every neighborhood which came into the conclusion that the central zone, the north zone and the west zone presented the highest rates of crimes. In this context, we have seen that the “visual” violence can interfere in the people lifestyle and urban space organization, in such a way that violence leads people to change their habits. In Santa Maria we saw that the organization of the urban space is done in a segregational way, and some cases can even influence the criminality. We also have determined that the violence is more often related to the poor people, being less related to the rich. We also checked that criminal act can be related to any social class.

Uma designação muito frequente para se referir à sociedade contemporânea é sociedade de consumo, o que implica considerar que através do consumo possam ser discutidas questões centrais quanto à natureza da atual realidade social. Esta dissertação trata da interconexão entre espaço urbano e consumo, procurando definir em que se constituiriam espaço para consumo e consumo do espaço. Partindo do princípio de que a publicidade atua como porta-voz da sociedade de consumo, foram utilizados anúncios publicitários para lançamento de empreendimentos imobiliários residenciais (edifícios de apartamentos) a fim de descobrir que características e qualidades são mais valorizadas em relação às localizações, já que estas se constituem em elemento intrínseco na compra da moradia-apartamento, e definir atributos significativos em relação a um espaço urbano considerado enquanto mercadoria. Constata-se que, para este segmento de mercado, a publicidade adota um caráter predominantemente descritivo e informativo. Devido a sua importância na organização, tanto político-administrativa quanto mental, da cidade, os bairros apresentam-se como elementos de destaque na estruturação dos anúncios publicitários, em cujo contexto a nominação dos bairros se distribui desigualmente, revelando hierarquias que não se devem, todavia, apenas a aspectos de ordem econômica (renda salarial dos moradores). O recorte empírico espacial deste estudo contempla a cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, durante o período de 1980 até 2005. / A very common way of describing the contemporary society is by using the term consumer society, which means considering that through consumption we can discuss major questions about the current social context. This dissertation is about the interconnection between urban space and consumption, and it seeks for a definition of space for consumption and consumption of space. Initially having in mind that advertising acts as the mouthpiece of the consumer society, in this research newspaper advertisements to sell new apartments were used to discover which characteristics and qualities are in fact valuable concerning the location of residential buildings, hence it is an intrinsic element in the purchase of a new apartment, and those advertisements were also used to define significant attributes of an urban space considered as a commodity. This study found out that for this market segment advertising plays a role preponderantly descriptive and informative. Neighborhoods, including their names, are prominent key elements in organizing the newspapers advertisements here in question, even because neighborhoods are relevant in political as well mental organization concerning the city. Neighborhoods' names appeared in an unequal way in those advertisements and this point reveals some kind of hierarchy among these locations, hierarchy which not depends upon only economic issues however. Empirical area is based on Porto Alegre, Brazil, during the years of 1980 and 2005.

134 f.:il / Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-22T12:54:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lêda Costa(lmrcosta@ufba.br) on 2013-04-18T12:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-18T12:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A presente pesquisa, desenvolvida no Mestrado em Artes Visuais da Escola de Belas Artes – UFBA - na linha de Processos Criativos, aborda os aspectos teóricos e práticos voltados para as intervenções artísticas realizadas nos espaços abertos/fechados da urbe. A relevância dessas intervenções nos espaços públicos se apresenta como forma de ressignificar uma estética do cotidiano. O trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão acerca do poder simbólico, do controle e vigilância na paisagem urbana, assim como sobre as relações sócio-espaciais fragmentadas diante da demarcação territorial e das fronteiras codificadas pelos impedimentos: espaciais, visuais e corporais. O olhar do artista contemporâneo se apropria, assim, desses espaços e estabelece suas ações no sentido de ampliar uma discussão em torno das imagens e dos objetos que o cerca, possibilitando mudanças na paisagem urbana tanto no contexto social quanto na percepção desse mesmo contexto. / Salvador

O presente trabalho faz uma análise da produção do espaço da cidade do Rio Grande, no Rio Grande do Sul, cidade portuária, que teve sua origem e história relacionada aos diferentes ciclos econômicos os quais vivenciou. Na atualidade, Rio Grande, vem recebendo uma série de investimentos voltados à implantação do Polo Naval, trazendo consequências para a vida das pessoas na cidade. Este ciclo de desenvolvimento está inserido numa política governamental que tem como principal objetivo o crescimento econômico acelerado do país. Ao longo da história da cidade, muitas camadas da população tiveram seus locais de moradia ameaçados ou sofreram remoções, devido à necessidade de modernização das atividades portuárias. Desta forma, esta configuração socioespacial, revela-se como o principal local de conflitos estabelecidos entre as necessidades de implantação das atividades econômicas e a reprodução da vida das pessoas. A partir desta problemática, procuramos abordar como este momento da economia vem trazendo reflexos para a cidade e sua população. Pensamos que, o espaço da cidade representa um importante papel, já que neste revelam-se as contradições da sociedade capitalista na qual vivemos, neste sentido torna-se também palco das ações humanas, para reprodução de suas condições de vida, criando assim as condições para o exercício da cidadania. Através de uma abordagem política, buscamos ressaltar a importância da apropriação destes espaços pelas pessoas, como uma condição para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e para uma efetiva aplicação das políticas urbanas que vem sendo desenvolvidas na atualidade. / This thesis analyzes the production process of the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, a port town, which origin and history are related to the different economic cycles it experienced. Currently, Rio Grande has been receiving a number of investments for the implementation of the Naval Pole, bringing consequences for the lives of people in the city. This development cycle is part of a governmental policy whose main goal is the accelerated economic growth of the country. Throughout the history of the city, many sections of the population had their dwelling places threatened or suffered removals due to the need of modernization of the port activities. This way, this sociospatial configuration reveals itself as the main setting of established conflicts between the need of implementing economic activities and the reproduction of people‟s lives. From this issue, we try to explain how this moment in the economy has brought consequences for the city and its people. We think that the city space plays an important role, since the contradictions of the capitalist society in which we live are revealed there, and in this way it also becomes setting for the human actions, to reproduce their living conditions, creating the requirements for the exercise of citizenship. Through a political approach, we try to emphasize the importance of people owning these spaces as condition for improving the quality of life and for the effective implementation of urban policies that are being developed today.