Les déplacements dans l’espace urbain et l’expression de ces déplacements sont liées à la réalité géographique et sociale des villes, à des données culturelles et à des données linguistiques. C’est pourquoi un cadre pluridisciplinaire empruntant à la psychosociologie de l’espace, à la linguistique et à l’analyse de discours est nécessaire pour les aborder. Notre champ d’étude est la ville de Khartoum au Soudan et la ville de Besançon en France et les langues concernées sont l’arabe et le français car des relations académiques et universitaires unissent ces deux univers linguistiques et culturels. Dans une perspective comparative d’analyse des discours et des représentations, nous avons constitué des corpus oraux relevant de différents genres en arabe et en français à partir de plusieurs démarches méthodologiques : réponses à un questionnaire, micro-récits rétrospectifs d’itinéraire, communications d’itinéraire piéton. Nous avons précisé le contexte géographique, historique et sociolinguistique de l’étude et nous avons analysé nos corpus de points de vue différents : un angle psycho-culturel et psycho-cognitif portant sur les représentations et les images mentales des villes, un angle linguistique (sémantique et syntaxique) portant sur les verbes de déplacement en arabe et en français,un angle discursif portant sur les descriptions d’itinéraire et nous avons complété notre analyse avec notre expérience vécue à Khartoum. Les résultats de l’analyse des corpus ont jeté la lumière sur la diversité des expressions de déplacement et ont montré certains phénomènes qui y sont attachés. En effet, cette étude nous confirme par exemple que les personnes appartenant à un même groupe se font une image collective identique de l’espace urbain, que dans les communications d’itinéraire, les itinéraires séquentiels dominent sur les indications générales. En ce qui concerne les représentations de la capitale Khartoum elles sont plutôt positives chez les Soudanais que nous avons interrogés et la plupart d’entre eux ont des sentiments d’appartenance très forts vis-à-vis de leur village ou ville d’origine. En décrivant leurs déplacements, les locuteurs privilégient les verbes de polarité médiane et l’effacement énonciatif. / The displacements in the urban space and the expression of these displacements are related to the geographical and social reality of cities, to cultural and linguistic data. This is why a multidisciplinary framework borrowing from psychosociology of space, linguistics and discourse analysis is necessary to tackle them. Our field of study is the city of Khartoum in Sudan and the city of Besançonin France and the languages concerned are Arabic and French because academic and university relations unite these two linguistic and cultural universes. In a comparative perspective of analysis of discourse and representations, we have created oral corpus of different genres in Arabic and French from several methodological approaches : answers to a questionnaire, retrospective micro-narratives of itinerary, communications of pedestrian itinerary. We specified the geographic, historical and sociolinguistic context of the study and we analyzed our corpus of different points of view: a psychocultural and psycho-cognitive angle on representations and mental images of cities, a linguistic angle (semantic and syntactical) on displacement verbs in Arabic and French, a discursive angle on itinerary descriptions and we completed our analysis with our experience in Khartoum.The results of the corpus analysis shed light on the diversity of the expressions of displacement and showed some phenomena that are attached to them. In fact, this study confirms, for example, that people belonging to the same group have an identical collective image of urban space, that in itinerary communications, sequential itineraries dominate over general indications. Regarding the representations of the capital Khartoum they are rather positive among the Sudanese we interviewed and most of them have strong feelings of belonging to their village or city of origin. By describing their displacements, the speakers favor medial polarity verbs and enunciative erasure

Esta pesquisa busca compreender os usos e apropriações do espaço urbano pelas crianças de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil (EMEI) da cidade de São Paulo, localizada na Praça da República, região central. O referencial teórico que aporta as reflexões apresentadas compõem-se das ideias de Henri Lefebvre, Michel de Certeau e Francesco Careri. Tais autores apontam para a presença, nas práticas espaciais cotidianas dos sujeitos, de experiências de apropriação a partir do uso que se contrapõem a lógica dominante de produção espaço. São propostas aos meninas e meninos participantes da investigação, situações de caminhadas, fotografia e desenho nas Praça da República e arredores, que subsidiarão as reflexão sobre essas experiências de apropriações quando vividas por meninas e meninos. A partir dessas situações, são analisadas as relações estabelecidas entre adultos, crianças e espaço, buscando articula-las a fenômenos sociais em contextos urbanos mais amplos. Como metodologia, utiliza-se a observação participante presente na perspectiva etnográfica, além da proposição para as crianças de situações de fotografar e desenhar. A conclusão aponta para a existência de apropriações infantis do espaço a partir do uso, destacando a contribuição de investigações com a infância em contextos urbanos para inclusão de sujeitos historicamente invisibilizados nas análises sobre as formas de produção do espaço da cidade. / This research aims at understanding the uses and the appropriation of the urban space by children at a Municipal Kindergarten School in São Paulo, located at República Square, downtown. The theoretical references encompass the ideas of Henri Lefebvre, Michel de Certeau and Francesco Careri. These authors point to the presence, in daily spatial practices of subjects, of appropriation experiences focused on the use rather than the dominant rationale of space production. Strolls, drawing and photographing of the República Square and its surroundings have been proposed to the girls and boys who have taken part in this research, as situations that subsidize the reflection of the experiences of appropriation. These situations are the basis for the analysis of relations established among adults, children and the surrounding space, with an aim at articulating them to social phenomena in wider urban contexts. As a methodology, we use the participant observation, present in the ethnographic perspective, besides the proposition for children to draw and photograph. The conclusion points to the existence of children appropriation of the space from a use standpoint, highlighting the contribution of researches with early childhood in urban contexts for the inclusion of subjects who have been historically made invisible in analyses of the forms of space production in cities.

Creative Alternatives examines the intersections between cultural politics, experimental art, and the public sphere in late twentieth century Berlin. The work identifies how artists used interactive visual displays to engage with West Berlin publics, develop democratic subjectivities under state socialism in East Berlin, and reject the city’s neoliberal turn after German unification. The work also traces the role of the arts as an economic motor in late twentieth century Berlin, as city leaders responded to the pressures of globalization and interurban competition. This study of divided and unified Berlin transcends the political ruptures and geographical divisions that structure our understanding of modern Germany and hinder integrated histories of the two German states, even as it addresses issues common to major cities worldwide.

Harm minimisation approaches to illicit drug use have proven extremely successful in reducing drug-related harm and improving health outcomes for those using drugs, their families and the broader community. Despite these successes, however, many harm minimisation programmes face strong community opposition, and many others are limited in their effectiveness by their reluctance to acknowledge the complex ways in which drug using contexts, social relationships, desire, pleasure and aesthetics are involved in the production and reduction of drug-related harm.[NP] Deleuze and Guattari’s ethico-aesthetic philosophy offers a conceptual framework through which to begin to grapple with the sensory and affective elements of illicit drug use and their implications for an embodied ethics. Following an introduction to their key concepts, this thesis explores the implications of their ontology for understandings of injecting drug use across four inter-related dimensions: the drug using body; urban spaces of injecting; public overdose memorials; and drug referenced, ‘heroin chic’ advertising imagery. It argues that aesthetics and ethics are complexly intertwined, and that ethically positive responses to drug use require an active appreciation of the ways in which aesthetics affect bodies and their capacities to form relations with others

Anglais: Through a comparative examination of Montreal and Brussels, this thesis considers the way city dwellers shaped the social and cultural significance of urban space in terms of sensorial experiences and bodily practices. The analysis is based primarily on qualitative sources relating to urban life and to the relationship with the city environment during the period 1880-1914, a time when cities underwent intense transformations associated with modernity and industrialisation. The discourses and representations examined in this study were produced by a wide range of urban actors, including elected officials and municipal bureaucrats, industrialists, urban reformers, factory and housing inspectors, workers, doctors, hygienists, writers, artists and ordinary citizens. This was a period in which the city was increasingly conceptualised as a total, organic object. Consequently, the thesis first examines representations, both critical and celebratory, of these cities in their entirety, showing how the discourse about urban space was constructed through experiences with, and perceptions of, its materiality. The subsequent chapters examine, in turn, spaces of industrial production, homes and the streets. In each of these spaces, representations of these changing environments were produced in marked reference to the body and the senses. In a time marked by the rise of scientific and rational thought, the sources consulted demonstrate the centrality of personal and subjective experiences in the construction of understandings of the city. Analysing these specific milieus also affords the opportunity to consider the cultural significance of the body, as well as its place in the social tensions that characterised the period. The comparative approach through which these cities are analysed illuminates the development of similar processes in analogous, yet discrete, contexts. In this way, certain specificities of Brussels and Montreal, as well the commonalities they shared, are brought to light. The principal objective of this bipartite perspective, however, is to demonstrate, in reference to two local examples, how urban dwellers interiorised vast processes of global transformation by means of their bodies, the spaces through which they moved on a daily basis, as well as their immediate socio-cultural context. ********* Français: Se penchant sur les cas de Montréal et de Bruxelles en comparaison, cette thèse examine la façon dont, à travers la perception sensorielle et les pratiques corporelles des citadins, la signification sociale et culturelle de l’espace urbain se construit. L’analyse se base principalement sur des sources discursives témoignant de la vie urbaine et du rapport à l’espace d’une multitude d’acteurs durant la période 1880-1914, traversée par d’intenses transformations liées à la modernité et à l’industrialisation. Les discours émanant des élus et des fonctionnaires municipaux, des industriels, des réformateurs urbains, des inspecteurs d’usines et de logements, des ouvriers, des médecins, des hygiénistes, des écrivains, des artistes et de simples citoyens ont été consultés. S’agissant d’une époque où la ville est de plus en plus conceptualisée dans sa totalité, la thèse aborde, dans un premier temps, les discours, à la fois critiques et élogieux, concernant la ville industrielle dans son ensemble, en montrant comment ceux-ci sont construits par rapport à l’expérience et aux perceptions de la matérialité urbaine. Puis, dans les chapitres subséquents, les lieux de production industrielle, le logement et les rues sont examinés successivement. Dans chacun de ces types d’espace, les discours faisant état de l’intensification des transformations à l’environnement se déclinent, de façon prononcée, en référence au corps et aux sens. Ils témoignent de la place prépondérante des expériences personnelles et subjectives dans la construction du rapport à l’espace urbain, et ce à une époque marquée par la montée de la pensée scientifique et rationnelle. L’analyse de ces milieux permet aussi de mettre en relief la façon dont se construit la signification culturelle du corps, ainsi que la place de celui-ci dans l’évolution des tensions sociales caractéristiques de l’époque. À travers une approche comparative, l’étude de ces deux villes permet d’examiner l’évolution de processus similaires dans deux contextes analogues, mais distincts. Ainsi est-il possible de déceler certaines spécificités de Bruxelles et de Montréal, de même que des traits communs aux deux villes. Cependant, l’apport principal de cette perspective croisée est de montrer, à la lumière de deux exemples locaux, la manière dont les citadins intériorisent de vastes processus globaux de transformation par le biais de leur corps, des espaces qu’ils fréquentent quotidiennement, et de leur contexte socioculturel immédiat.

The escalating urbanization process has given rise to various complications in the urban structure. One of the major issues is the one concerning urban cohesion. As modern cities are facing a transformation from industrial to knowledge societies, many aspects have to be taken into consideration in the planning of cities. This thesis aims to study the significance of a cohesive city centre from a social and spatial point of view, and to understand modern cities’ development towards innovative Knowledge Cities. The objective is to present proposals for how a unification of a fragmented downtown can be made possible seen from a Knowledge City perspective. The two main research questions of this thesis are answered by literary reviews of existing theories in urban planning, by a case study of the downtown area in the Swedish city of Jönköping, and finally also by a design proposal showing on how urban cohesiveness can be obtained from a Knowledge City perspective. If cities are to become successful knowledge cities they have to promote culture, attractiveness and above all an innovative urban environment. Innovation is mainly achieved by so called “innovation engines” – simple urban elements, such as a café or a library. For innovation to emerge, human interaction and meetings have to occur in the urban environment, why innovation engines are key factors in the development towards knowledge cities. As human interaction is maximized in the simple meetings between people, added interaction possibilities are enabled in public spaces such as a square or a pedestrian street. Public spaces are used as a tool for assembling people in the city. They have positive impact on the city only when they are part of a whole, and works as a network system in the urban structure. This is why urban cohesiveness is essential in the planning of modern cities. Public space is a fundamental feature in the urban structure, endorsing coherence, urban quality and human affiliation, making it an essential element if a city is to be coherent. Cohesion in public spaces can be regulated by the design and planning of cities and either stimulate or dampen the public areas. Gathering people creates opportunities for people to interact on an individual level and thereby stimulate each other, and it is people that need to be gathered rather than buildings. Urban activities and the complementarity between public spaces needs to promote social dynamics, which in turn enhances the urban experience, enables urban cohesion and minimizes social exclusion and urban fragmentation.

The main aim of the thesis is to analyse the recent socio-spatial patterns of Istanbul, in which squatter areas on publicly-owned land (gecekondu) and old historical centre of the city are subjected to regeneration projects, under the impact of making Istanbul a purified place for the significant social classes via exclusion of the others. The formulations of Henri Lefebvre for analysing the production of (social) space are used as the conceptual framework of the thesis. To reveal the case study, the recent urban regeneration projects in Istanbul, a wide range of qualitative data collection techniques and methodology, documentary analysis, in-depth interviews, participant observations, which will pave a way to understand the complex relations among social and spatial formations, are used. According to the analysis on the acceleration of urban regeneration projects in the city of Istanbul, the thesis argues two main points: Firstly, the specificity of urbanisation period in Istanbul after 2000 is characterised with the strong role of the central state, mainly MHA. Secondly, the people, who are living in the gecekondu areas and old historical centres in the inner city are not only evicted from their living spaces, they are also socially and spatially excluded from the city centres.

The main objective of this study is to investigate reproduction strategies of upper-middle class group of people in Ankara and their differentiation propensities in the fragmentation process of urban space. Dispositions and everyday life practices of upper-middle group on Bourdieu&rsquo / s approach in the urban space of Ankara are analyzed on the basis of intensive interviews with upper-middle class women. In this sense, special emphasis is placed on this group&rsquo / s close family relations, investment strategies in education, housing and living space strategies.

The focus of the dissertation is to be a flâneur in Shanghai and explore the relationship between ¡§urban space¡¨ and ¡§flowing body¡¨. In this paper, I attempt to describe the connection between daily practices and identities by interviewing Taiwanese entrepreneurs. As result, some major findings emerged from the study¡GFirstly, Taiwanese enterprenuers enjoy the flexible status based on the accumulation of their (original)capitals. Second, Shanghai is presented in both nostalgia and modernization. Due to the Satisfication of their daily life in shanghai, Taiwanese entrepreneurs like to join this global city.Third, Taiwan is less competitive for Taiwanese entrepreneurs in shanghai.

Seeking to widen the existing literature on postcolonial cities, this thesis conducts an inquiry into the multilocality of postcolonial space. Through ethnographic research in Sri Lanka’s Galle Fort, it investigates how different social groups differently use and interpret the city’s former colonial built environment. Specifically, it examines how the postcolonial city is socially produced and constructed as a place of home for local communities, a World Heritage Site, and a gentrifying neighborhood. Using interviews, observations, and spatial analyses, it teases out the local, national, and transnational socio-economic forces that drive these processes, as well as the power-dynamics and resistances that come into play. It finds that postcolonial uses of space often relate to, and sometimes recall, social struggles that characterized urban space under colonialism. Drawing on these findings, it highlights the importance of studying social relations, heritage management, and gentrification in postcolonial cities in conversation with literatures on colonial urbanisms.