Background Migraine is a comprehensive endemic disease who is affecting both women and men, but with higher prevalence among women because of hormonal factors. Risk factors for the disease are female gender, hereditariness, depression and socio-economic factors. Migraine can be triggered by factors like stress, menstruation, irregular routines for sleep and unbalanced meals and diet. Migraine is a condition that causes a big suffering for the affected individuals. Aim The aim of this study was to describe individuals' experiences of how migraine is affecting the daily life, out of the aspects like working life, family life and social life. Method A literature overview was maintained, and eight qualitative studies and two quantitative studies between the years 2003- 2014 were analyzed. Results The analysis of the articles lead to one main theme; "Guilt, compensating and restrictions" and seven subthemes "Not being able to perform their best", "Met with incomprehension", "Not being able to take care of home and children", "Not enough", "Avoiding activities", "Always be prepared" and "Living with restrictions". Conclusion Migraine is affecting the daily life among these individuals in a great extent. The disease makes it hard to perform well at work. The individuals where met with incomprehension which made them feel questioned. It was though for the individuals to take care of their home and family. The restricted life that they had and not being able to participate in activities caused isolation. All of this caused feelings of guilt.

The overall aim of the present thesis was three-fold. The first was to study occupational performance in individuals with severe mental disorders and their experiences of occupational therapy, the second to study experienced burden of family caregivers and the third to test the validity and the homogeneity of assessment tools in this area. The samples consisted of individuals with severe mental disorders participating in organised occupations (n= 112), occupational therapy records (n=64), occupational therapists working in mental health care (n=7) and family caregivers of individuals with severe mental disorders (n=256). Data were collected by questionnaires, structured and narrative interviews, observations and occupational therapy records. Individuals with severe mental disorders reported problems related to leisure and work activities and the occupational therapists recorded problems concerning how to organise and structure occupational performance. Individuals functioning on a high cognitive level experienced problems related to work and productive activities. Participation in occupational therapy strengthened their confidence in their own ability. The “Experience of Occupational Performance Questionnaire” (EOPQ) was developed from data on the experiences of women participating in occupational therapy. A principal component analysis gave seven factors with acceptable homogeneity. There is a need for assessment tools to evaluate occupational therapy. The EOPQ represents an attempt to fulfil this need. Family caregivers experienced limitations of daily activities as a burden. The ability to perform daily activities was studied from three perspectives, the individuals’, the occupational therapists’, and the experienced burden of the family caregivers. These perspectives are complementary and thus necessary for planning and implementation of individually adapted occupational therapy as well as for the evaluation of outcomes.

Magister Artium - MA / This study explores the lives of Kanana residents, an informal settlement in Gugulethu Township on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. It pays particular attention to their everyday lives to dispel negative and simplistic representations of informal settlement residents when they collectively take part in protests. Although there are extensive reasons for the protests in the informal settlements, the media and the South African government have reduced these protests to portraying them as demands for “service delivery”, and furthermore as criminally induced protests. I point out that this problem is partly due to scholarly work that does not engage these misleading representations and illustrate the lives of shack residents in the ordinary, when they are not protesting. Thus the focus of this thesis is life beyond protests. I argue that the lives of shack residents who participate in the protests are complex. As opposed to negative and simplistic representations, this thesis illustrates that one needs to be immersed in the lives of shack residents so as to understand them as identifiable human beings who make meaning of their lives. I explore their lives in the shack settlement further and argue that these human beings live their ordinary harmonious lives centred on the practice of greeting. To highlight the complexity of life of protesting informal settlement residents this thesis makes a point that there exist unsettling realities in the shack settlement; unsettling realities that make residents feel to be less of human beings. Kanana residents, therefore, draw from these perpetual unsettling realities to organise and protest. This thesis is based on ethnographic research, which was conducted between September 2015 and February 2016. During fieldwork, I observed and interacted in informal conversations with Kanana residents. With the main co-producers of this work, I carried out their life histories and further in-depth interviews.

As causas e conseqüências da obesidade têm sido amplamente discutidas, por ser um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo responsável por vários graus de incapacidades na vida cotidiana, tratamentos de custo elevado e com pouco sucesso a longo prazo e por estar associada a altas taxas de morbidade e de mortalidade. Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar a influência da obesidade na percepção da saúde e do desempenho ocupacional de mulheres. A população estudada foi composta por 45 mulheres, com idade variando entre 18 a 60 anos e escolaridade entre a 4ª e 8ª série do ensino fundamental, estratificadas em três grupos de mesmo tamanho: o grupo A, por mulheres com obesidade grau I ou leve (IMC:30 34,9 kg/m2), o grupo B por mulheres com obesidade grau III ou mórbida (IMC: ³ 40 kg/m2) e o grupo C por mulheres não obesas (IMC: 20-24,9 kg/m2). As mulheres dos grupos A e C se originaram do Núcleo de Saúde da Família 1 e as do grupo B, do Ambulatório de Distúrbio da Conduta Alimentar do Hospital das Clínicas, ambos da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados no período de 04 de fevereiro a 24 de julho de 2003, através da auto-aplicação de três questionários: um estruturado para caracterização de dados sócio-demográficos, outro foi a versão em português do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100) e o terceiro foi o denominado Auto Avaliação do Funcionamento Ocupacional (SAOF). Os instrumento utilizados, o WHOQOL e o SAOF, mostraram-se úteis e apropriados para a investigação da influência da obesidade na percepção da saúde e do desempenho ocupacional de mulheres Os resultados indicaram que mesmo as mulheres com obesidade leve já apresentam dificuldades no trabalho, insatisfação com sua aparência, problemas nas relações sociais, dificuldades na realização e participação nas atividades da vida cotidiana. Em se tratando de mulheres com obesidade mórbida, a ausência ou desorganização nas atividades que sustentam o cotidiano, mostraram-se fortemente acentuadas, caracterizando-as como excluídas das atividades sociais. Este fato pode ser atribuído às limitações físicas, emocionais e nas relações pessoais, observadas neste estudo e ressaltadas na literatura. Considerando que o fazer do sujeito sustenta a construção de seu cotidiano, pode-se pensar que a assistência em terapia ocupacional, pode contribuir para o resgate das capacidades e habilidades perdidas com o ganho de peso ou não desenvolvidas ao longo da vida, para a aquisição de uma postura ativa, criativa e independente, para a ampliação das relações sociais e para a possibilidade de vivenciar outras satisfações além da comida. / The causes and consequences of obesity are largely debated, because it is a serious public health problem, being responsible by several degrees of disabilities in daily life, high cost treatments and with poor success in the long range and due to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This survey was designed to investigate the influence of obesity in the health perception and occupational functioning of women. The study population was composed by 45 women aged 18 to 60 years, and with educational level between the 4th and 8th year of the elementary school. They were stratified in three equal sized groups: the group A, by women with obesity class I (BMI: 30-34.9 kg/m2), the group B, by women with obesity class III or morbid (BMI: ³ 40 kg/m2), and the group C, by non-obese women (BMI: 20-24.9 kg/m2). Women from groups A and C came from the Núcleo de Saúde da Familia 1; those for group B, from the Ambulatório de Distúrbio da Conduta Alimentar of the University Hospital, both from the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo. Data were collected from February 4 to July 24, 2003 through the application of three self responded questionnaires: one structured to characterize socio-demographic conditions, other was the Portuguese version of the instrument developed by the World Health Organization to evaluate the quality of life (WHOQOL-100) , and the third was the Self Assessment of Occupational Functioning (SAOF). The employed instruments (WHOQOL-100 and SAOF) showed to be useful and appropriated to investigate the influence of obesity in the health perception and occupational functioning of women. Results indicated that even women with obesity class I already have difficulties in their work, are not satisfied with their appearance, have problems in their personal relationships and difficulties in performing and in the participation of daily activities. Among women with morbid obesity, the absence or disarrangement of the activities supporting daily life are strongly marked. This fact could be due to physical, emotional and social limitations observed in this study and emphasized in the literature. The results pointed out that the occupational therapy, which an has area of knowledge and techniques that could help in decreasing the stress from the restrictive treatment; in the rescue of capacities and abilities lost with the weight gain or not developed during the life, in the acquisition of an active, creative and independent attitude and in the possibility to live other satisfactions besides eating, can be useful in the treatment of persons with obesity.

As causas e conseqüências da obesidade têm sido amplamente discutidas, por ser um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo responsável por vários graus de incapacidades na vida cotidiana, tratamentos de custo elevado e com pouco sucesso a longo prazo e por estar associada a altas taxas de morbidade e de mortalidade. Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar a influência da obesidade na percepção da saúde e do desempenho ocupacional de mulheres. A população estudada foi composta por 45 mulheres, com idade variando entre 18 a 60 anos e escolaridade entre a 4ª e 8ª série do ensino fundamental, estratificadas em três grupos de mesmo tamanho: o grupo A, por mulheres com obesidade grau I ou leve (IMC:30 34,9 kg/m2), o grupo B por mulheres com obesidade grau III ou mórbida (IMC: ³ 40 kg/m2) e o grupo C por mulheres não obesas (IMC: 20-24,9 kg/m2). As mulheres dos grupos A e C se originaram do Núcleo de Saúde da Família 1 e as do grupo B, do Ambulatório de Distúrbio da Conduta Alimentar do Hospital das Clínicas, ambos da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados no período de 04 de fevereiro a 24 de julho de 2003, através da auto-aplicação de três questionários: um estruturado para caracterização de dados sócio-demográficos, outro foi a versão em português do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100) e o terceiro foi o denominado Auto Avaliação do Funcionamento Ocupacional (SAOF). Os instrumento utilizados, o WHOQOL e o SAOF, mostraram-se úteis e apropriados para a investigação da influência da obesidade na percepção da saúde e do desempenho ocupacional de mulheres Os resultados indicaram que mesmo as mulheres com obesidade leve já apresentam dificuldades no trabalho, insatisfação com sua aparência, problemas nas relações sociais, dificuldades na realização e participação nas atividades da vida cotidiana. Em se tratando de mulheres com obesidade mórbida, a ausência ou desorganização nas atividades que sustentam o cotidiano, mostraram-se fortemente acentuadas, caracterizando-as como excluídas das atividades sociais. Este fato pode ser atribuído às limitações físicas, emocionais e nas relações pessoais, observadas neste estudo e ressaltadas na literatura. Considerando que o fazer do sujeito sustenta a construção de seu cotidiano, pode-se pensar que a assistência em terapia ocupacional, pode contribuir para o resgate das capacidades e habilidades perdidas com o ganho de peso ou não desenvolvidas ao longo da vida, para a aquisição de uma postura ativa, criativa e independente, para a ampliação das relações sociais e para a possibilidade de vivenciar outras satisfações além da comida. / The causes and consequences of obesity are largely debated, because it is a serious public health problem, being responsible by several degrees of disabilities in daily life, high cost treatments and with poor success in the long range and due to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This survey was designed to investigate the influence of obesity in the health perception and occupational functioning of women. The study population was composed by 45 women aged 18 to 60 years, and with educational level between the 4th and 8th year of the elementary school. They were stratified in three equal sized groups: the group A, by women with obesity class I (BMI: 30-34.9 kg/m2), the group B, by women with obesity class III or morbid (BMI: ³ 40 kg/m2), and the group C, by non-obese women (BMI: 20-24.9 kg/m2). Women from groups A and C came from the Núcleo de Saúde da Familia 1; those for group B, from the Ambulatório de Distúrbio da Conduta Alimentar of the University Hospital, both from the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo. Data were collected from February 4 to July 24, 2003 through the application of three self responded questionnaires: one structured to characterize socio-demographic conditions, other was the Portuguese version of the instrument developed by the World Health Organization to evaluate the quality of life (WHOQOL-100) , and the third was the Self Assessment of Occupational Functioning (SAOF). The employed instruments (WHOQOL-100 and SAOF) showed to be useful and appropriated to investigate the influence of obesity in the health perception and occupational functioning of women. Results indicated that even women with obesity class I already have difficulties in their work, are not satisfied with their appearance, have problems in their personal relationships and difficulties in performing and in the participation of daily activities. Among women with morbid obesity, the absence or disarrangement of the activities supporting daily life are strongly marked. This fact could be due to physical, emotional and social limitations observed in this study and emphasized in the literature. The results pointed out that the occupational therapy, which an has area of knowledge and techniques that could help in decreasing the stress from the restrictive treatment; in the rescue of capacities and abilities lost with the weight gain or not developed during the life, in the acquisition of an active, creative and independent attitude and in the possibility to live other satisfactions besides eating, can be useful in the treatment of persons with obesity.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar um levantamento do quantitativo de violência ocorrido no decorrer de quatro anos na cidade de Manaus, sendo de dois anos antes e de dois anos após a criação da Lei Maria Penha, como também pontuar o espaço geográfico com maior concentração de mulheres vítimas dessas violências. Reconhecemos que violência é um problema que sempre esteve presente nos espaços sociais, e que ao longo do tempo vem deixando suas marcas nas vidas dos indivíduos, ela invade o cotidiano das pessoas de diversas formas e independente da classe ou do meio social, constitui-se como um dos fenômenos psicossociais de singular relevância. Muitos estudiosos de diversas áreas aos longos dos séculos vêem colocando em pauta este assunto no sentido de tentar entender e assim bloquear seu avanço na sociedade, porém percebemos que mesmo diante de tantos de esforços não estamos conseguindo encontrar soluções satisfatórias, ora porque não compreendemos o fenômeno em si ora porque as políticas públicas de prevenção a violência são deixadas de lado. O que se nota principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos é o crescimento dos casos e das variedades de agressões, diariamente nas grandes mídias (escrita e televisa) são veiculados noticias envolvendo o tema da violência, portanto, com todas essas nuances ela tem sido um problema que cresce em grande escala e, Manaus como cidade em potencial de crescimento está no rol das metrópoles que convive com este problema, que também é presente no espaço familiar, na qual a mulher é alvo, por este motivo esta pesquisa priorizou o estudo deste fenômeno nos espaços urbanos de Manaus. Visando atender aos objetivos propostos, os dados da pesquisa foram coletados diretamente junto aos serviços de atenção aos direitos da mulher, neste caso a DECCM e o SAPEM. Os dados foram analisados e alocados num banco de dados que serviram para construir gráficos e mapas, este segundo com ajuda do programa Philcarto. A partir dos dados coletados foi possível construir um perfil das vítimas e dos agressores, como também diagnosticar qual o bairro e a zona de maior procedência das mulheres vítimas de violência. Os resultados deste estudo apontam que não houve um aumento significativo de denuncias de casos de violência com a implantação da Lei Maria da Penha, mas foi possível verificar que ocorreu uma grande variação nos tipos de violências denunciadas, e também que a zona que concentra maiores números de mulheres vítimas de violência é a Zona Norte. / This dissertation has as objective show a survey the amount of violence occurring in the course of four years in Manaus, being two years before and two years after the creation of the Law Maria Penha, like also punctuate on geographical space the victims of these violence. We recognize which violence is a problem that was always present in the social spaces, and what along the time is leaving his marks in the lives of the individuals, the violence invades the daily life of the persons in several forms and independently of the social class, sets itself as a psychosocial phenomena of singular relevance. Many scholars from several areas along the centuries has observing putting in list this subject in the sense of trying to understand and block his advancement in the society, however we realize that even before so many of efforts we are not managing to find satisfactory solutions, it prays because we do not understand the phenomenon in you now because the public politics of prevention the violence is set aside. What is noticed principally in the great urbane centres is the growth of the cases and of the variety of aggressions, daily in the great mediae (written and it televises) news is conveyed wrapping the subject of the violence, so, with all these nuances it has been a problem that grows in great scale and, Manaus as city in potential of growth is in the roll of the metropolises that coexists with this problem, which also is present in the familiar space, in which the woman is white, for this motive this inquiry priorizou the study of this phenomenon in the urbane spaces of Manaus. Aiming to pay attention to the proposed objectives, the data of the inquiry were collected straightly near the services of attention to the rights of the woman, in this case the DECCM and it SAP. The data were analysed and allocated in a database that they served to build printers and maps, this second with help of the program Philcarto. From the collected data it was possible to build a profile of the victims and of the aggressors, I eat also victims of violence diagnose which the district and the zone of bigger origin of the women. The results of this study point that there was no a significant increase of denunciations of cases of violence with the introduction of the Law Maria da Penha, but it was possible to check what took place a great variation in the types of violence.

Background: Cancer-related pain is a major problem worldwide. Studies indicate that patients do not get an adequate pain relief. This creates a large suffering and results in major problems for the patient and their families. In order to minimize this kind of suffering caregivers need to understand how cancer-related pain is experienced by these patients, what it does to them and how it impacts their daily life.   Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients´ experience of living with cancer-related pain. Method: The method used for this study was a qualitative literature study. Nine articles from 2002 to 2012 and from five different countries were analyzed. Results: The results of this study are presented in four main themes and ten subthemes. The main themes were: A feeling of powerlessness; Fears that limit; A change in daily life and Seeking for meaning and an end to the suffering. All themes and subthemes give a description of patients´ experience of living with cancer-related pain. Conclusion: It is a great suffering to have cancer and it is even a greater suffering experiencing pain on a daily basis. Despite this, some patients still could see their situation as something positive and wellbeing was created. The nurses’ role in this kind of situations is essential in order to understand what the patient is experiencing, how it impacts on the patient and its life and how wellbeing can be formed.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en kronisk sjukdom som blir allt vanligare i västvärlden, underliggande hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är ofta bidragande orsaker till att hjärtsvikt uppstår. Sjukdomen har en allvarlig påverkan på kroppen och gör att personers hälsa sätts ur balans. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelser av att leva med diagnostiserad hjärtsvikt med minst NYHA II. Metod: En litteraturstudie har gjorts och baserats på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Personer med hjärtsvikt upplever fysisk, social och psykisk påverkan på livet på grund av sjukdomen. Det väcker känslor av ilska, frustration och ångest. Personerna har ofta behov av att göra livstilsförändringar som påverkar deras sociala nätverk negativt och skapar känslor av ensamhet och sorg. Många funderar mycket på framtiden och hur familjesituationen kan komma att förändras. Diskussion: Fynden som diskuteras är den fysiska påverkan, osäkerheten inför framtiden och hur familj- och närståenderelationerna kan förändras. Slutord: Som sjuksköterska och andra yrkesgrupper inom vården  är det viktigt att  ha förståelse för vilka känslor som personer med hjärtsvikt har och upplever. Genom att förstå vilka fysiska begränsningar personerna har och vilka upplevelser det skapar, kan omvårdnadsarbetet underlättas. / Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly more common in the Western civilization, where the underlying cardiovascular diseases often are contributing factors to the occurrence of heart failure. The disease has a serious impact on the body and makes health out of balance. Aim: The aim was to highlight experiences of living with diagnosed heart failure graded at least as NYHA II. Methods: A literature review has been made based on 13 scientific articles. Results: People’s experiences of living with heart failure are physical, social and psychological impact on life due to the disease. It arouses feelings of anger, frustration and anxiety. People often need to make lifestyle changes that affect their social networks negatively and this creates feelings of loneliness and sadness. Many think a lot about the future and how the family situation may change. Discussion: The findings which have been discussed are the physical impact, uncertainty about the future and how family and close relationships can change.Conclusion: As a nurse and other professionals in health care it´s important to understand the feelings that people with heart failure have. By understanding the physical limitations and the experiences it creates, nursing work might become easier.

Abstract      Background: Stroke, caused by a blood clot or a bleeding in the brain, is one of the large endemic diseases in Sweden. The symptoms are very individual and depend on where the stroke is located. The nurse is a key person due to the importance to individualize the rehabilitation of the patient. The consequences after a stroke are not only visible functions reductions but also cognitive and practical problems. Stroke often leads to extensive changes in life, and individuals who get a stroke have to adjust their daily life.   Aim: The aim of the study was to describe individuals’ experiences of changes in daily life, one year or more after a stroke.   Method: An inductive, qualitative approach was used. Six individuals with stroke were interviewed. An analysis of the tape-recorded interview material was carried out using qualitative content analysis.   Results:  Everything changed quickly in the informants’ life. Their life took a new course and they had to adjust it to the new circumstances. The informants’ physical- and cognitive disabilities limited their daily activities and they could not take care of themselves anymore. Despite their struggles in life, the informants had a strong will to maintain daily routines and they managed this by developing new strategies.   Conclusion: All the informants experience limits in daily life. They had to start an entirely new life due to their physical and cognitive limits. Despite all this they had to find a way to struggle on and to try to manage on there own.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas tremtinių kasdienis gyvenimas pasiremiant, o kartu ir analizuojant Šiaulių „Aušros“ muziejuje saugomus išlikusius tremtinių laiškus. Laiškai šiame darbe atstoja šaltinių bazę. Visų pirma, tai yra pirminis šaltinis ir galiausiai šių laiškų turinys nėra giliau analizuotas. Laiškai analizuojami pasiremiant įžvalga, kad tremtiniai buvo vieno kolektyvo nariais bei priklausė vienai socialinei grupei. Pagrindinė darbo problema yra tremtinių prisitaikymas prie tenykščių gyvenimo sąlygų, jų elgesio tendencijos bei tremties patirtis. / The Final Bachelor’s Thesis deals with the daily life in exile with reference to and at the same time by analysing extant letters of exiles stored at Šiauliai “Aušra” Museum. The letters serve as the base of sources in the present Paper. First of all they are a primary source and finally the content of these letters lack deeper analysis. The letters had been analysed based on the providence that all the exiles had been members of a single collective and had belonged to the same social group. The basic problem of the Paper is adaptation of the exiles to indigenous living conditions, trends in their behaviour, and experience in exile.