The following work was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Center under the title of : Apparent digestibility in llamas feed with stipa ichu (Peruvian feather grass) treated with urea and molasses, for which 3 assays were performed in reference to the study : 1) percentage of assimilation of the treated and non- treated grass, 2) apparent digestibility of fiber and protein after and before feeding, and 3) determine the adequate levels of urea and molasses for the chemical treatment of the grass (Stipa ichu). For the first assay, the greater consumption was obtained at the level of 3 (3% of urea) reporting a consumption index of 1895.67 gr, the least amount of consumption was found to be 0(0% of urea) reporting a consumption index of 1450.93 gr. The administered food prepared with (grass + urea + molasses) at the different levels of 3%, 2%, and 4%, we had a variability coefficient of 12.56%. The highest index of water consumption was obtain with the 0% untreated grass with a volume of 882.12 ml, and the least was found at level 2 (2%) with a volume of 335.71 ml, with an average of 424.27 ml/day with a variability coefficient of 77.02%. The amount of excreted feces were found to be produced in a greater amount when fed with grass with at 3 (3%) type of treatment with a total of 1059.8 gr, and the least amount of excretions was shown when fed with treatment 4 (4%) with 60.8 gr, with an average of 826.51 gr/day with a variability of 22.35%. For the second assay, we found that the apparent digestibility of fiber at the 3 different levels of treatment , the greater percentage of fiber assimilated by the organism was with those that received food at level 3 (3%) with a 76.78%, and the least with a 0 (0%) in relationship to the other treatments. The greater percentage of protein was obtained at level 4 (4%) with 49.48%, decreasing the protein level 2%, 3%, and 0%, we can say that the difference is due to the different levels of urea found in the treatments. For the third assay, the most consumed was level 3 (3%) of urea with an average of 94.83%, the second one is level 2 (2%) with an average of 85.71%, followed by level 4(4%) with 74.59%. We concluded that 2.6% of urea is acceptable for the supplementation of stipa ichu (Bolivian feather grass) for the feeding of llamas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 458453 bytes, checksum: 52841bfa7a70fd9ab10f120499d2f3c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / We evaluated the effect of four levels of mixing urea:ammonium sulfate (9:1) (Urea) on sugarcane (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2%, fed basis) on consumption, on the intake and diet digestibility, production performance, metabolism of nitrogenous compounds and economy of diets in dairy cows producing less than 15 kg/day. We used 12 Holstein cows distributed in three 4x4 Latin squares. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous initially containing 12.5% crude protein, dry matter basis. The concentrated feed has been supplied in proportion to the milk production, making it a ratio of 1 kg for every 3 kg of milk. The sugarcane used had 21.9 brix. No effect of urea level in cane sugar on the intake and digestibility of dietary constituents, as well as on the production and composition of milk. It was found that the increase in the level of urea in sugar cane increases (P < 0.05) linearly the concentration of nitrogen-urea at the plasma, urinary excretion of nitrogen-urea (NUU in g/day) and the contribution of nitrogen-urea in the urinary excretion of nitrogen and reduce (P < 0.05) milk production per unit of nitrogen excreted in the urine. Although there wasn't detected significant effects (P > 0.05) for urinary excretion of nitrogen (UN) and nitrogen balance (NB), there was an increase of 50.3% on the UN and the consequent reduction 112.8% for the BN with increasing from 0 to 1.2% urea in sugarcane. These results demonstrate that even using sugarcane with high sugar content (50.5% of CNFcp, DM basis), the increased level of urea extends ureogênese and losses of nitrogen (N) in urine, reducing the efficiency of use of N, increasing energy expenditure and environmental liability. From the sensitivity analysis of the balance with the price of urea, it was found that the use of the same is feasible when the price is equal to or less than R$ 2.0/kg, equivalent to 2.17 times the price of kg of soybean, fed basis. In addition, it was found that regardless of the price range between R$ 0.40 to R$ 2,0/kg, the urea level that maximizes the balance with supply remains at 1.20%, fed basis of sugarcane. / Avaliou-se o efeito de quatro níveis da mistura de uréia:sulfato de amônio (9:1) (uréia) na cana-de-açúcar (0; 0,4; 0,8 e 1,2%, base da matéria natural) sobre o consumo, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade da dieta, desempenho produtivo, metabolismo de compostos nitrogenados e economicidade das dietas em vacas leiteiras com produção abaixo de 15 kg/dia. Utilizou-se 12 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 × 4. As dietas foram inicialmente formuladas para serem isonitrogenadas contendo 12,5% de proteína bruta, base da matéria seca. A ração concentrada foi fornecida proporcional à produção de leite, perfazendo-se uma relação de 1 kg para cada 3 kg de leite produzido. A cana-de-açúcar utilizada apresentou 21,9 oBrix. Não houve efeito do nível de uréia na cana-de-açúcar sobre o consumo e coeficiente de digestibilidade dos constituintes da dieta, bem como sobre a produção e composição do leite. Verificou-se que o aumento no nível de uréia na cana aumenta (P<0,05) linearmente a concentração de nitrogênio-uréico no plasma, a excreção urinária de nitrogênio-uréico (NUU, em g/dia) e a contribuição do nitrogênio-uréico na excreção urinária de nitrogênio, além de reduzir (P < 0,05) a produção de leite por unidade de nitrogênio excretado na urina. Apesar de não terem sidos detectados efeitos significativos (P > 0,05) para a excreção urinária de nitrogênio (NU) e para o balanço de nitrogênio (BN), verificou-se aumento de 50,3% na NU e, conseqüente, redução de 112,8% no BN com o aumento de 0 para 1,2% de uréia na cana. Esses resultados demonstram que mesmo utilizando-se cana-de-açúcar com alto teor de açúcar (50,5% de CNFcp, base da MS), o aumento do nível de uréia amplia a ureogênese e as perdas de compostos nitrogenados (N) na urina, reduzindo a eficiência de utilização dos N, elevando-se o gasto energético e o passivo ambiental. A partir da análise de sensibilidade do saldo com alimentação ao preço da uréia, verificou-se que o uso da mesma é viável quando o preço for igual ou inferior à R$ 2,0/kg, o que equivale a 2,17 vezes o preço do kg do farelo de soja, base da matéria natural. Em adição, verificou-se que independente da faixa de preço entre R$ 0,40 a R$ 2,0/kg, o nível de uréia que permite maximizar o saldo com alimentação permanece em 1,20%, base da matéria natural da cana-de-açúcar.