Les performances énergétiques des constructions durables sont nettement inférieures à celles attendues et la question de l’impact du comportement des usagers devient primordiale. Différentes solutions sont déployées afin d’atteindre les performances prévues : elles s’étendent de l’information des usagers à l’aide de manuels, jusqu’à l’influence des comportements, en passant par l’automatisation des bâtiments réduisant ainsi la capacité d’action des usagers. La question est alors de savoir s’il est possible de concevoir des bâtiments toujours plus performants du point de vue énergétique sans venir altérer la relation usager/habitat et sans contraindre davantage les usagersNous proposons d’intégrer la notion d’affordance dans les constructions durables en posant l’hypothèse qu’elle pourrait permettre d’induire des comportements en adéquation avec les exigences de performances des constructions durables, en évitant au maximum l’introduction de procédures plus ou moins artificielles et en créant une compréhension, la plus immédiate possible, des usages des espaces fonctionnels et des équipements.Une première phase d’étude a été menée dans le but d’analyser l’activité des usagers au sein de leur habitat et traduire cette analyse en outils exploitables par les concepteurs. Un ensemble de personas a ainsi été défini. Parallèlement, une caractérisation de l’interaction usager/habitat a été réalisée par l’identification des critères venant l’influencer. Grâce à la pondération de ces facteurs d’impact, un modèle de calcul du niveau d’affordance de l’interaction entre les usagers et leur logement a pu être proposé. / The energetic performance of sustainable buildings is significantly lower than expected and therefore the impact of user behaviour becomes a crucial element. Different solutions are implemented to achieve predicted performance; these range from information i.e. user guides, to the influence of user behaviour through building automation reducing the users’ control. The possibility of designing more efficient buildings without altering the relationship between the user and the building, and without constraining the users is then to be investigated.We propose to integrate the notion of affordance in sustainable buildings under the assumption that this could be useful in inducing behaviour aligned with the performance requirements of sustainable buildings, while minimising the introduction of procedures more or less artificial and creating an immediate understanding of the use of a functional space and its equipment.A first experimental phase was conducted to analyse users' activities within their housing and translate this into tools for designers. A set of personas has been set. Meanwhile, a characterisation of the user/building interaction was carried out by identifying the criteria influencing it. With the weighting of these impact factors, a calculation model for the affordance level of this interaction was proposed.

In this master thesis project carried out on Scania’s interaction design department in Södertälje an evaluation of the technology gaze interaction has been done. The aim was to see if the technology was suitable for implementation in a truck environment and what potential it had. The work started by doing a context analysis to get a deeper knowledge of the research done on within the area related to the subject. Following the context analysis a comprehensive need finding process was done. In this process, data from interviews, observations, ride along with truck drivers, benchmarking and more was analysed. The analysis of this was used to identify the user needs. Based on the user needs the concept development phase was conducted. The whole development phase was done in different stages and started off by an idea generation process. The work flow was made in small iterations with the idea to continuously improve the concepts. All concepts were evaluated in a concept scoring chart to see which of the concepts that best fulfilled the concept specifications. The concepts that best could highlight the techniques strengths and weaknesses were chosen and these are Head Up Display Interaction and Gaze Support System.. These concepts focused on the interaction part of the technique rather than a specific function. Test of the two concepts were conducted in a simulator to get data and see how they performed compared to today´s Scania trucks. The result overall was good and the test subjects were impressed with the systems. However there was no significance in most of the cases of driving except for some conditions where the concepts prove to be better than the systems used today. Gaze interaction is a technology that is suitable for a truck driving environment given that a few slight improvements are made. Implementation of the concepts have a good potential of reducing road accidents caused by human errors.