Fish of the family Catostomidae, consisting of 11 genera and about 57 species, comprise a significant part of the fish fauna of Western North America. Life history information of some species is available (Bailey, 1969, and Brown and Graham, 1953, Catostomus catostomus; Dence, 1948, .f. commersoni; Douglas, 1952, Xyrauchen texanus; Geen et al., 1966, C. catostomus and C. coI!Dllersoni; Greenfield et al., 1970, .f. santannae; Harris, 1962, C. catostomus; Hauser, 1969,C. platyrhynchus; MacPhee, 1960, .f. macrocheilus; Nelson, 1968, .f.cotmnersoni and C. macrocheilus; Raney and Webster, 1942, C. commersoni; Smith, 1966, entire subgenus Pantosteus; Spoor, 1938, C. commersoni; Willsrud, 1966, C. tahoensis). Utah suckers, except those in Utah Lake, have received little attention (Frogley, 1950; Hatton, 1932; Lowder, 1951; Smith, 1966; Standing, 1954; Stubbs, 1966; Tanner, 1936). Reproductive studies of suckers have been limited to a description of spawning activities and estimates of fecundity (Geen, 1958, C. connnersoni C. catostomus and C. macrocheilus; Hauser, 1969, C. platyrhynchus; Mcswain and Gennings, 1972, Minytrema melanops; Wagner and Cooper, 1963, Erimyzon oblongus).

The parasitic mites on mammals living in the chaparral community of Utah are practically unknown ecologically. Keegan (1953) was the first to publish on parasitic mites from Utah. He listed mites of 12 species and 9 genera from Tooele and Juab counties from hosts which included one Peromyscus truei, five P. crinitus, and 20 P. maniculatus. Brennan and Beck (1955) published on the chiggers of Utah and included a key to 38 species. Allred (1954, 1956, 1957, 1958) studied the geographical distribution, seasonal occurrence, and biology of mites found on mice of the genus Peromyscus in Utah.

The study treats a highly controversial area in American education as it applies to the State of Utah. The proper relation between Church and state in the field of education has not yet been settled, nor is it likely ever to be with any finality. In two most recent cases involving the legal issues of Church and State in education ( McCullum vs. Board of Education, 333 U. S. 203 and Zorach V. Clawson, 343 U. s. 306) the United States Supreme Court has written split opinions. The 1956 White House Conference on Education found that religion and segregation were the two current issues in American education which involved "basic disagreements which the Committee did not resolve satisfactorily, partly because of the limited time at its disposal for complete discussion of the many intricacies of the different points of view represented on the Committee."

Investigations on chemical thinning of peaches by use of blossom and post blossom sprays have been in progress since the last decade mainly in the United States, Canada, and some European countries. Horticulturists are attempting to find new means to minimize the expense of hand thinning. The high cost of the hand thinning operation has caused many growers to underestimate the importance of this practice, and as a result their orchards have fallen into the biennial bearing habit. In addition, the fruit from un-thinned orchards was not acceptable on the market since it was small in size, lacked color, and often was infected with insects and diseases because of its hanging in close clusters on the trees.

The African-American community of Ogden, Utah started much of its growth in the early twentieth century. Prior to the early nineteen hundreds less than one hundred African Americans lived in Ogden. The availability of jobs with the railroads brought many African Americans to Ogden in search of steady employment. Through the decades Ogden's African Americans branched out from railroad and service work into business ownership. As the African-American community grew, its members established new churches in the city. Racism and indifference had their impact on the African Americans. They found themselves segregated into specific neighborhoods and African-American males were unable to hold the priesthood in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Racism was not confined to members of the Mormon Church as the Ku Klux Klan attempted to make inroads into Ogden in the early 1920s. The Klan's limited influence lasted less than two years and soon disappeared due to efforts by the Ogden City Commission. In the 1990s African Americans still comprised a small percentage of Ogden City and Weber County. The L.D.S. Church ended priesthood denial for African Americans in 1978. The study of Ogden's African-American community provides insight into a minority community in the western United States and contrasts the differences between race relations in the West and other geographic areas of the United States.

Invented in the 1870's, practical electric lighting systems and the electric power industry immediately began to spread. At first electricity was limited to public and domestic lighting. Soon, it was applied to transportation when streetcars and interurbans were electrified. Later, industry, in particular the mining industry, adopted electricity as a source of power, and the profits and efficiency increased significantly. In Utah electrification began as early as 1880. In that year the state's first electric power company was incorporated in Salt Lake City. Soon, Ogden, Logan, Provo, and other towns began harnessing electricity. Shortly thereafter, electric streetcars began to run in the state's major cities and interurban lines connected towns along the Wasatch Front. Simultaneously, electricity was introduced into the mines, and greatly improved their productivity.

Alfalfa plays an important part in Utah's Economy. It is the major forage crop and occupies approximately 40 percent of all irrigated land in the state During the past most of the alfalfa varietal trials have been conducted in Cache Valley, which is not representative of conditions found throughout Utah. In fact, it would be impossible to select any one location for conducting tests where all insect, disease, and climatic conditions would be represented. In view of this it was felt that an attempt should be made to conduct varietal trials at several locations to permit the selection of varieties which would produce higher yields of quality forage.

The primary purpose of this study was to present a sociological analysis of American Buddhism in northern Utah. Specifically, the analysis covered the acculturation changes of American Buddhism in X __ , Utah, the functions of the acculturation changes, and the effects of secularization on the Buddhists. The findings were as follows: Buddhism in X___ is becoming "American Buddhism" just as Buddhism in Japan became Japanese Buddhism. Buddhism in X___ reinforces the norms and values of the X___ society but also puts a strain on social relationship by contributing to ethnocentrism and racial segregation. The Buddhist Society in X___ has become more secular and, as a consequence of the secularization process, could cease to exist in the future.

The purpose of this study was to mea sure secondary distributive education students' perceptions and attitudes toward their teacher coordinators in the Utah secondary schools . The student scores were then analyzed to determine if there were any differences which may be attributed to a specific teacher characteristic such as age, sex, teaching experience, vocational work experience, and academic preparation. Nine groups of null hypotheses (54 total ) were tested. Each group consisted of the following six factors derived from student responses to the attitude and pupil observation survey questionnaires: (l) Friendly, cheerful, admired; (2) Knowledgeable, poised; (3) Interesting, preferred; (4) Strict control; (5) Democratic procedure; and (6) Student attitude score. The population involved i n the study consisted of the students of those teacher-coordinators randomly selected from the teacher coordinators in Utah. Three questionnaires were used in the study. The first questionnaire was a General Teacher Information Questionnaire designed to obtain teacher demographic information. The second questionnaire used was the Pupil Observation Survey (POSR) which was designed to measure students' perceptions. The third questionnaire used was~ Scale for Measuring Attitude Toward Any Teacher, which measured the attitudes of the students. The null hypotheses were tested by analysis of variance. Where more than two groups were involved, a statist i cal procedure known as the Duncan New Multiple Range Test was used to analyze where the difference occurred. The . 05 level of significance was the criterion for rejecting or failing to reject the hypotheses. The following findings were reported: No significant difference was found between student perception and attitude scores relating to age , sex , years of occupational experience, occupational field experience , type of experience , academic degree, and type of professional training of the teachers. There was, however, a significant difference in the student scores relating to teach ing experience and teaching assignment . The perception scores indicated that the students perceived teachers with three or more years ' teaching experience as being more knowledgeable and poised than those teachers with less than three years' teaching experience. Students also perceived the teachers with three or more years ' teaching experience as being more interesting and preferred. The student attitude scores for the teachers with three or more years' teaching experience was also significantly different from those student attitude scores for the teachers with less experience. Students perceived those teachers who taught both non-skills and skills subjects as using significantly more democratic procedures than those teachers of only s kill s subjects. The major recommendations were: 1. A larger scale study, related to student perceptions and attitude toward their teacher-coordinators , should be undertaken to further substantiate the findings of this study. 2. Studies should be undertaken to determine students' perceptions relating to teacher effectiveness and evaluation of curriculum and methodology used in Distributive Education.

Cuterebra are robust flies, which in flight resemble large black bees. Little is known about the bionomics of most of the species included in this genus. Nearly all members of this group parasitize rodents and lagomorphs. Some species have a wide host range, others seem to be specific or semi-specific to a single host. Accidental parasitism of animals other than specific host animals does occur. In such cases the larvae or the host usually die before the larvae can mature. There is a wide variation in the effect of of the parasite on its host. If the parasite is found in a natural host, the ability of the host to tolerate the parasite is much greater. In chipmunks one to three parasites have no apparent effect but with four to nine parasites in one animal, there is a loss of weight and a decrease in activity. Occasionally death results from parasitism by Cuterebra. A valid key to the species of this genus does not exist. It is the purpose of this paper to establish a valid key for the described species of Cuterebra found in Utah and the neighboring states and to furnish descriptions of these species, which in conjunction with the key will aid the reader in identification of Cuterebra specimens. Whenever possible the host or hosts associated with each species will be listed. Within the genus Cuterebra there are several species complexes. As used here, complexes are supposedly intraspecific groups which have several major characteristics in common but differ on a few minor points. Only more detailed studies on the members of these complexes will indicate the extent of intraspecific variation and the delimitation of a true species.