The purpose of the study was to determine how superintendents in the state of Utah perceived their role as superintendent. It focused on: (1) how superintendents perceived their role as superintendents, (2) what demands were affecting their role, (3) if superintendents in different-size school districts perceived their role differently, (4) how the superintendent-board relationship was viewed by the superintendents, and (5) what the superintendents considered to be the greatest problems facing them in Utah today. A survey research design was used to collect the data from all 40 superintendents. For the purposes of analysis, the districts they represented were divided into three categories based on district size. Two instruments were used to collect the data. They were: (1) the Superintendent Behavior Questionnaire developed by Raymond Fast (1968), and (2) a personal data sheet and interview guide. In addition, three questions were used to find out how superintendents spent their time. The information obtained from the questionnaire and personal data sheet were analyzed in two ways. First, a one-way analysis was done between the independent variable (school district size) and the subscores on the nine dimensions of the Superintendent Behavior Questionnaire. No significant differences were found. Second, an item-by-item analysis was done between the demographic data and the 37 items of the questionnaire using Chi-square crosstabulations. Only 21 of the 407 crosstabulations were significant at α=.05 and above. It was found that: (1) superintendents had a positive perception of their role as superintendent and a positive relationship with the local boards of education; (2) there was no difference in how superintendents in different-size school districts perceived their role; (3) the highest-ranking demands from federal and state agencies and local constituencies were paperwork, resolving problems of parents-students-staff in terms of patron input and teacher militancy, and handling increasing costs and inflation. The Three highest-ranking problems superintendents stated they were facing were: (1) financial demands in terms of providing more services on a limited tax base, dealing with inflation, and increasing energy costs; (2) time and resources to provide quality education for a growing school population, and teacher problems in terms of teacher militancy, loss of good teachers to other occupations, and the removal of mediocre teachers; and (3) the expectations of special interest groups.

Habitat use by waterfowl (breeding pairs and broods) of several Utah marshes was studied during 1978 and 1979. A number of ponds found on 5 different marshes located near Great Salt Lake were studied. Perimeter, area, depth, and emergent vegetative type were measured on each pond. Waterfowl use of the ponds was determined using a fixed point observation system. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationships between the measured habitat variables and waterfowl use. Area of the pond was the variable most strongly related to both pair and brood use. Perimeter was highly correlated to area, but a calculated edge index reduced the confounding between the two variables. The edge index was positively related to pair use by 3 species of waterfowl and to total brood use, but it explained relatively little of the total variation in waterfowl use. Pond depth had little effect on duck use, but the type of emergent edge often had a significant effect on both pair and brood use. Waterfowl use of the ponds differed slightly between marshes. The multiple regressions explained from 53 to 79 percent of the variation in pair use by species. From 31 to 77 percent of the variation in brood use by group or species was explained. The 1978 data were used to validate the regression models developed with the 1979 data.

Runoff and rainfall data have been taken from three high mountain Utah watersheds and subjected to runoff to rainfall comparisons. The resulting Q./P ratios have been compared to the average volumes of runoff curve numbers (CN) computed from this data for each watershed. Runoff curve numbers were also estimated on the basis of the soils and vegetation data available for the watersheds. An attempt has been made t o estimate the watershed lag characteristics by computing synthetic hydrographs for successively larger values of time to peak estimates until the best fit comparison was achieved between the snythetic and the actual hydrographs. Time lag estimates were also made from the Kirpich method and the Mockus method.

Thirty-two engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) ranging in d.b.h. from 9.4 to 84.6 em, twenty subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) with d.b.h. 's from 8.1 to 58.8 em, and twenty aspen (Populus tremuloides) ranging in d.b . h. from 4.5 to 48.2 em. were destructively sampled in Northern Utah to construct wood and bark biomass and production prediction equations for above and below ground parts. These prediction equations were then applied to stand table data from 20 x 25 meter plots representing a sere that changes from subalpine meadow to aspen to fir to a 'climax' stand of spruce. The biomass production data along the successional stages were then used to test some of Odum's hypotheses regarding ecosystem development (Science 1969). In all biomass and production predictive equations diameter at breast height (1.38 meters) and its transformations was found to be the single best independent variable. Spruce bole bark biomass was best correlated linearly with d. b.h. Spruce bole wood, branch wood and branch bark were best predicted with a d.b.h. 2 relationship. All fir above ground biomass components as well as all aspen above ground components except aspen branch wood were best correlated with d. b.h. 2 Aspen branch wood biomass was best predicted by a d.b.h. 3 equation. Seedling sized fir, spruce, and aspen (trees less than 1.38 meters in height) had their total above ground wood and bark biomass best predicted using basal diameter3 as the independent variable. Seven spruce and fir stump and root systems, from trees ranginq from 2.5 to 66 .0 em . in d.b.h., were excavated by hand. All roots down to one centimeter in diameter were cut weighed and oven-dried. Biomass data from the fir and spruce stumps and roots were combined because of their similarity. The resulting combined biomass data was described accurately by using d.b.h. 4 as the independent variable. Aspen root biomass was obtained through the use of three randomly located excavated cubic meter pits in each of four different clones. The aspen pit root biomass was best described by employing a sixth degree polynomial using the diameter (em) of the four nearest trees to pit center divided by their average distance (meters) to pit center. Two production methods were used : l) mean annual increment (MAl) and 2) periodic annual increment (PAl). No production estimates for roots were made. Spruce bole wood and bark MAl's were best predicted by d.b.h. and log-log d.b.h. equations respectively. Spruce branch wood and branch bark MAl's were both best described by d.b.h. (li near) relationships. All fir MAl branch and bole components used d.b.h.2 in their predictive equations. All aspen MAl equations used sixth degree polynomials with d.b.h. as the independent variable. Polynomials were employed when downward or leveling trends could not be adequately represented using standard statistical techniques. Spruce and aspen PAI equations were constructed using polynomials. Fir PAl, because of the data, could be best predicted using standard regression techniques. Fir bole wood and bark PAl equations were 'linear and thus best described by d.b. h. untransformed. Fir branch and wood PAl showed some leveling which was gradual enough to best be fitted by a d.b.h."3 equation. Using the biomass and production predictive equations and stand tables from plots representing a succession, plot biomass and productions were generated. The plot biomasses and productions were plotted against estimated age (time from the initial meadow invasion by aspen). Above and below ground total wood and bark plot biomass was found to increase with time through all stages being low in early aspen dominated stages (1.5 x 10 5 kg/ha@ 7.5 years) to high in late spruce dominated stands (5.25 .x 10 5 kg/ha@ 258 years). This finding supports Odum's hypothesis that biomass is low in early stages and higher in later stages of ecosystem development. Both estimates (MAl and PAI) of total above-ground plot production show that production is high in early aspen stages (PAl is 4.7 x 103 kg/ha/yr@ 65 years), low in mid-successional fir dominated stands (PAl is 3.0 x 10 3 kg/ha/yr@ 130 years), and high again in the late spruce stages (4.6 x 10 3 kg/ha/yr @ 258 years). This tends to contradict Odum's hypothesis that production tends to keep decreasing after the initial stages of succession. While these tests of Odum's hypotheses are only on the basis of tree wood and bark, these values will probably be found to be the largest single biomass and possibly production community contributors .

The purposes of this paper were to inventory the available agricultural production resources in Utah, to determine how those resources could be allocated most efficiently, and to provide information to aid the crop and livestock producing sectors in Utah in making informed production and marketing decisions. Utah was divided into eight agricultural production and product consumption regions and the rest of the country was regionalized into product supply and market areas. Input and output coefficients, production costs, and market prices for the major Utah crop and livestock production enterprises and their products were developed . A linear program was then used to determine how resources could most profitably be allocated among regions and production enterprises. The optimal marketing pattern for agricultural commodities produced in Utah was also generated. A sensitivity analysis was utilized to ascertain the stability of the optimal production and marketing patterns.

B. A. Richeverry in his book, Land Drainage and Flood Protection, states that inadequate drainage causes: (1) a public health menace, (2) an animal health menace, (3) lower grade plant life, (4) inadequate soil aeration, (5) lower soil temperatures, (6) shallow root penetration and, therefore, plant suffering in late summer months from effects of drought, (7) poor soil texture and workability, (8) increased surface washing and erosion of land surface, and (9) alkali and saline conditions, other factors such as poorer roads and highways, decreased tax revenues, ets., might be added to this list. The advantages of aequate drainage are absence of these disadvantages. Many public as well as privae benefits are realised from land drainage.

The geological column in northern Utah has had very little detailed study. Those who have made reports on this section have done so only in a very general way, making no detailed sections of any part of the column, excepting that of the Cambrian made by Walcott. Other work has been done by Mansfield in southeastern Idaho and a general section of the Devonian made in Green Canyon, Bear River Range, Utah by Kindle. Due to the lack of any detailed work of this nature being done in the Bear River Range, suggested the matter of making a section and describing the Devonian System of this range, because, probably less is known of this system than of any other one. Stratigraphic relations were studied in several sections where outcrops were good. Conditions for the study of these outcrops are very favorable, because, within a very short distance of 6 or 7 miles there are 6 canyons cutting the range at approximately right angles to the general trend of the structure, giving satisfactory sections of the greater part of the Paleozoic Era. Blacksmith Fork Canyon gives the best section of the Devonian System in the area studied. Because of easy access and good exposures, this canyon was chosen for a graphic section. Another section was made in Logan Canyon as a matter of comparison.

This study maps the facies architecture and geometry of stratigraphic surfaces within the tide-influenced upper Sego Sandstone exposed in the Book Cliffs between Crescent Junction and Thompson Springs, Utah. A bedding diagram was constructed by correlating 32 measured stratigraphic logs across this 8.5 kilometer strike-oblique outcrop to interpret depositional environments and the sequence stratigraphic setting of this tidally-influenced sandstone. Five facies associations are defined: marine shale, lower shoreface, tidally-influenced bedsets, heterolithic tidal bedsets, and tidal flat deposits. Vertical facies trends define two sandy intervals separated by a marine shale, that are interpreted to record episodic progradation of deltaic shorelines. Erosion surfaces at the base of these intervals are interrupted to record tidal scouring of the sea floor during falling stage regression. Sandstone-bodies within these intervals shingle westward recording delta lobes that thinned and became more heterolithic. Although sandstone intervals are interpreted to record progradation, internal cross stratification is dominantly tidal-flood oriented. This is interpreted to record preferential preservation of bedload transported by flood tidal currents onshore, even though net sediment was directed offshore in a suspended ebb-oriented hypopycnal plume and as fluid mud during uncommon river floods. Deposits above high-relief erosion surfaces observed to cut down into the upper Sego Sandstone do not meet the criteria for incised valley fills. These surfaces are interpreted to record tidal current enlargement of distributary channels after abandonment. Such incisions thus do not necessarily record changes in sea level.

Thesis (M.S.)--Utah State University, Dept. of Wildlife Resources, 1971. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-22).