A survey of inventory systems was made of 15 randomly selected auto wrecking yards in northern Utah. The specific objectives were to determine what methods auto wrecking yards were using to keep track of their inventory, to determine the mangers' feelings toward inventory control and improvement of their present systems, and to determine the effectiveness of these systems in providing management information. This information was obtained through a questionnaire interview with managers of the yards sampled. The questionnaire was developed by the author using yards outside the sample area to pilot test and help develop the questionnaire. Results of this survey showed a continuum of systems ranging from the use of memory only up to an elaborate card sort system was being used in inventory control. All managers felt that inventory control was very important and that their present systems could be improved. Time was the limiting factor given for not making needed improvements. Only 60 percent of the mangers were keeping some form of written record. The management information provided by these records consisted mostly of physical information relating to the part available and the condition of these parts. Thirty percent of the managers had a record of capital invested and only 20 percent knew the cost of holding inventory in their yards. From this survey it was concluded that the majority of the inventory systems were inadequate when compared with the objectives of inventory control. More accurate cost information is needed to calculate and evaluate the profitability of the firm (return on invested capital).

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are facial malformations that happen during early pregnancy and have a complex and heterogeneous etiology, involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. This project examined the association between maternal nutrition, folaterelated biomarkers, candidate genes involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM), and OFCs in order to achieve more comprehensive knowledge of how nutrition and genetics influence OFC risk. First, the association between maternal periconceptional multivitamin (PCMV) use, maternal dietary patterns during the periconceptional period, and OFC risk was examined. This study showed that neither PCMV use nor healthy dietary pattern score alone was individually associated with OFC risk. However, the combination of PCMV use and a higher score reflecting the ideal Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet was associated with 55% reduction in the risk of isolated OFCs, evidence that the prevention of OFCs may require attention to both PCMV use and improving maternal diets. Second, the association between maternal multivitamin use, folic acid supplemental intake, and measured blood folate levels in case mothers of OFC children and control mothers was examined. Mothers who had an OFC-affected pregnancy compared with control mothers had lower mean levels of plasma folate in both multivitamin users and non-users. At levels of folic acid intake >400µg/day, the difference in plasma folate between case mothers and control mothers narrowed, evidence that higher folate intake levels may be required for mothers with a history of OFC-affected pregnancy. The ability to utilize supplement folic acid might be modified by MTHFR C677T genotype. In mothers with 677CC genotype, both case and control mothers’ plasma folate concentrations responded to increased levels of folic acid supplemental intake, although case mothers’ plasma folate concentrations were always significantly lower than control mothers’ until folate supplemental intake reached 400µg. In mothers with 677CT genotype, control but not case mothers’ plasma folate concentrations responded to increased levels of folic acid supplemental intake. In mothers with 677TT genotype, case but not control mothers’ plasma folate concentrations responded to increased levels of folic acid supplemental intake. Lastly, variations in folate-related OCM genes were examined in association with risk of OFCs using GWAS data and the case-parent trio approach. Several genes in the OCM pathway were associated with isolated, non-syndromic OFCs with some through genetic effects alone but most through gene-environment interaction effects with maternal multivitamin supplementation during periconceptional period and maternal biomarker concentrations for OCM-related nutrients. These results emphasize the need to consider gene-environment interactions when searching for genes influencing isolated OFCs. Reduction in the prevalence of OFCs could have tremendous importance. The results of this dissertation may help identify factors important to OFCs etiology and in turn, provide valuable targets for preventive intervention. Children born with an OFC require medical care from birth until adulthood and encounter a higher mortality rate. The costs incurred from caring for children born with OFCs not only include the clinical care of many disciplines but also involve the emotional disturbance and social and employment exclusion for affected individuals. Reducing the risk of OFCs would lessen considerable financial and emotional burdens to families and societies.

This study examines the personal migration preferences of Utah high school seniors in 1980 and their relationship to perceived parental preferences, family status, length of residence, religion, sex, and type of residence. A focal area of the thesis is an examination of the consistency between personal preferences and preferences of parents as perceived by the youth. The primary data used for this study came from a sample survey of 1980 high school seniors who were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Cross-tabulations were used with chi square to test for significance of association. The results of this study suggest that parental preferences play an important part in influencing the decision-making process of youth contemplating migration. The research suggests that the plans of metropolitan youth are more consistent with the perceived preferences of their parents than are those of nonmetropolitan youth. The research also suggests that the plans of LDS (Mormon) youth are more consistent with their parents perceived preference as compared to the plans of non-LDS youth. With respect to personal preferences, Utah youth living in nonmetropolitan areas prefer to migrate more often than metropolitan youth. Research also shows that males, LDS youth, youth from intact families and long-term residents all prefer to stay more often in their present place of residence when compared to females, non-LDS youth, youth from broken families and short-term residents.

Fluvial and lacustrine sediments of great thickness accumulated in the intermountain basins of the western United States during Tertiary time. The Salt Lake group in northern Utah and parts of surrounding states is a conspicuous stratigraphic unit of these basins. The "beds of light color" in Morgan Valley in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah were named the "Salt Lake group" by Hayden (1869) because of similar occurrences in Salt Lake Valley and because he reasoned that the succession could be divided into formations. Similar rocks crop out in Ogden Valley, north of Morgan Valley, and in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho. Cache Valley is bounded by the Wasatch and Malad Ranges to the west and the Bear River Range to the east (Fig. 1). It extends from the divide between Ogden and Cache valleys about 18 miles south of Los an. Utah. to Red Rock Pass. about 19 miles northwest of Preston. Idaho. The Bear River enters Cache Valley northeast of Preston. Idaho. and leaves through the Bear River Narrows west of Logan. Utah. at a point between the northern end of the Wasatch Range and the Malad Range. Red Rock Pass, northwest of Preston, Idaho, was the outlet of Lake Bonneville.

Throughout the history of mankind, sheep have played a very important and unique part in the economies of the world. They have been a source of meat, milk, skins and fiber. They have become adapted to nearly every kind of husbandry, from nomadic types to intensively managed flocks on small farms and have thrived under nearly all climatic conditions, ranging from sub-artic regions of Greenland to hot areas of the mediterranean countries; from desert areas of Africa to wet lowland of England. Domestic sheep were introduced on the American continent by Spanish discovered and conquerors in 1493. (8, p.281) The other route by which they came was from England in 1607. (e, p. 21)

A conceptual model relating recreation resource values to the concept of economic rent was developed. The model argues that recreation sites possess both quality and location characteristics which serve as rent producing agents. Sites of better quality extract economic rents relative to those of lesser quality while those located most advantageously to user origins earn location rents relative to those more distantly located. The economic rent values are expressed by the differential use costs and recreationist activity associated with individual site usage. A methodological procedure was developed which generates estimates of total rent values for a given site. The procedure permits identification of rent values separately related to site location and quality. Application of the model was made by estimating recreation values for pheasant hunting in Utah using 1966 data. These data were collected by mail survey from hunters following the 1966 hunting season. Approximately 1,025 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The total rent value estimated from the model was approximately 5.8 million dollars. About 83 percent of the total was attributed to site quality and 17 percent to location. No attempt was made to analyze the variables related to quality. In only three counties, Juab, Millard, and Utah, were location values found to exceed those resulting from quality. Total rent values were highest for Weber, Cache, Box Elder and Davis counties.

Monitoring of Bear Lake was conducted in 1981 and 1982 to describe the current limnology and trophic state of the lake. The nutrientt loadings of various parameters were measured from April, 1981 through June, 1982. The rate of coprecipitation of phosphorus was determined for different initial phosphorus concentrations by use of non-algal assays. Algal bioassays with Selenastrum capricornutum were used to determine the reduction in potential algal biomass as a result of the coprecipitation of phosphorus. The lake exhibit-.ed chemical characteristics indicative of mesotrophy or eutrophy. Total phosphorus values averaged 11μg/1 for 1981 and 20 μg/1 for 1982. A hypolimnetic accumulation of phosphorus was also not:ed for the stratified periods. Addittionally, hypolimnetic oxygen deficit values were indicative of mesotrophy in 1981 and eutrophy in 1982. The chlorophyll concentrations were characteristic of oligotrophic conditions during both years however. Phosphorus was found to be limiting production approximately 85% of the year. The Bear River Contributed approximately 60% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake in 1981 and 50% in 1982. Overall, the total phophorus loading increased 195% between the dry year, 1981, and the wet year, 1982. Vollenweider's (1976) phosphorus loading model described the loading to Bear Lake as indicative of mesotrophic conditions in 1981 and eutrophic conditions in 1982. Calcium and magnesium concentrations fluctuated widely throughout the year. The Mg:Ca molar ratio varied from 1:1 in the spring to 3.5:1 in the fall. Total hardness values did not vary in response to the changing ionic concentrations and this was attributed to preferential replacement of precipitated calcium by the Bear River inflow. Non-algal assays quantified the removal of phosphorus by coprecipitation at increasing initial phosphorus by concentration. The rate of removal initial decreased substantially as phosphorus levels increased with a shift in reaction order from second order to first order noted at approximately 50 μg/1. Predictive models were derived from the initial assays and verified with data from a separate experiment which use filtered Bear Lake water. The models accurately predicted the amount of phosphorus removed by coprecipitation at all phosphorus levels. Algal bioassays in synthetic Bear Lake and soft-water media were used to evaluate the efficiency of the coprecipitation mechanism when in competition with algae for phosphorus. An average reduction in biomass of 40% was noted between the media at similar nutrient levels.

In the 1960s, Gustav Mahler's music received renewed interest in America. While certain champions of Mahler from this period, such as Leonard Bernstein and Bruno Walter, have attracted scholarly attention, other conductors have been largely overlooked, including Maurice Abravanel (1903–1993). During Abravanel's directorship of the Utah Symphony (1947–1979), he consistently programmed Mahler's music, making the orchestra the first American orchestra to record all of Mahler's symphonies. Although the concerts contributed meaningfully to Utah's musical life and some of the recordings were well-received by critics in and outside America, they remain marginalized in accounts of Mahler's music in America. To bridge this gap, the dissertation examines primary sources, including concert and record reviews, program notes, correspondence, and interview transcripts to present the history, reception, and influence of Abravanel's Mahler journey with the Utah Symphony. By examining the musical past of a Western city and considering musical and extramusical factors, this dissertation demonstrates that local and technological histories influenced musical decisions, all of which in turn played a role in the growth of the Utah Symphony and planted Mahler's music in the community. The examination reveals that Abravanel's Mahler carried different meanings for different parties. The recordings, with low prices and superior sound, were recommended by critics and welcomed by audiophiles and music lovers. Abravanel's interpretations were commonly criticized as dispassionate, yet were embraced by those who did not prefer Bernstein's more involved, dramatic readings. Through the recordings of Mahler's music, the Utah Symphony gained national and international acclaim. In Salt Lake City, Mahler became a familiar name, and his music remains integral to the city's music culture. As of the completion of this dissertation, the Utah Symphony is nearing the end a two-season (2014–2016) Mahler cycle and has recorded two symphonies by Mahler under music director Thierry Fischer. The McKay Music Library of the University of Utah is digitizing Abravanel's Mahler scores and documenting memories about Abravanel's endeavors with the Austrian composer's music. The concerts, recordings, and efforts to preserve history again bring the collective memories of Abravanel's Mahler back to the community.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic aspects of farm flock sheep production in Utah. Using 1979 as a base year, costs and returns were calculated from data obtained from twenty- six Utah farms. Characteristics that typify the states· farm flock sheep production, at this writing, with regard to: 1) the farm flock producers and 2) the farm flock enterprise, were presented. Various models were dev eloped and examined using Multiple Regression and Linear Programming analytical techniques. Multiple Regression was us ed to estimate the effects that different variables had on the profitability of the sheep enterprise. The most significant variables were found to be: 1) the number o f years each producer has been involved in sheep production and 2) number of years rams are retained for breeding purposes. Linear Programming was used to maximize the relative net returns between : 1 ) a traditional method of farm flock sheep production in Utah. 2) an accelerated production program where three lamb crops are produced in two years, and 3) an intensive program where two lamb crops are produced in one year. The accelerated lambing program producing three lamb crops in two years consistently demonstrated the highest relative net return. Recommendations of future related research were also included.

Arcing eastward from the deep gorge of Cataract Canyon on the Colorado River is a series of aligned valleys (graben) and ridges (horst). This unusual landscape has formed as subsurface salt deforms toward the river and dissolves away, causing the overlying rocks to fault, slide, and subside. Geologists have long been interested in this actively evolving area they call the Needles fault zone, because understanding its mechanics and origin may shed light on how faults work in general and similar, yet inaccessible places like offshore rift zones or even the surface of the Moon. Despite this interest, the timing and long-term patterns of deformation here and are poorly constrained. This study uses analysis of digital landscape models to better delineate these patterns and provide better age constraints on the development of the Needles fault zone. We find that the Colorado River incision that led to deformation here began as recently as 1 million years ago, and that faulting due to subsurface salt movement initiated between 700 and 200 thousand years ago. The first part of this study takes advantage of how the development of graben valleys has changed the path of many of the streams in the study area, resulting in numerous captured streams terminating into a type of sinkhole, called a swallow hole, that develops above opening faults. These fissures are so named because, by ongoingopening, they are “swallowing” material that is flushed into them by local drainages. By recording and numerically dating the exposed upper 6-14 m of basin-fill strata, we determined that sediment was deposited to an alluvial fan and to ponded water. We also compared calculated sediment yields over time to paleoclimate records for the region to test extant hypotheses about how drylands respond to changing climate of the same scale as modern climate change. Against expectations, our results suggest that the greatest sediment yield and storage in these upper basins occurred during the relatively warm and dry time from 9 to 5 thousand years ago, when overland flow to transport sediment was weak. This implies that we are actually measuring sediment storage, as the faults that form swallow holes were relatively less active, allowing sediment to accumulate, rather than be flushed out of the basins.