Americans across the nation are showing an increased awareness of the problems caused by the rapid and uncontrolled growth our country has undergone over the last fifty years. It is apparent to most that we can no longer abuse our natural resources as if they were inexhaustable . In the last few years, there has been a specific concern for prices, consumption, and energy conservation. These real concerns are moving us towards a reconsideration of our living habits that will certainly affect the future of residential planning and site design.

Commercial egg production in Utah has developed largely since 1920. Prior to that time most farms had some chickens but the eggs were either used at home or consumed on the local markets. What few commercial poultry farms there were also supplied local markets. It has been estimated that the total egg production in the stat was just about equal to the consumption within the state. Soon after1920 however, egg production on a commercial basis began and thereafter expanded rapidly for a time.

High quality seed is of first importance in efficient crop production. Seed is one of the major factors affecting yield and quality of the crop. High quality seed is of adapted varieties, has high gemination, and is free of foreign material and weed seeds. Crop seed containing weed seeds may be the means of infesting farm land with weeds. Such seed is expensive at any price.

Three volcanic domes and related volcanic rocks of Tertiary age are located near Etna, Utah, in Box Elder County. The domes follow a north-south trend and are fault controlled. Flow structure indicates a change from a less viscous, flow-forming lava which produced an exogenous dome to a more viscous lava which formed endogenous domes. Associated pyroclastic deposits are negligible. The volcanic rocks are composed of porphyritic rhyolite and rhyolitic vitrophyre having phenocrysts of quartz, sanidine, plagioclase and biotite with minor amounts of Fe-Ti oxides, hypersthene, allanite and calcic amphibole. Quartz and sanidine phenocrysts are generally embayed whereas plagioclase phenocrysts are euhedral and extensively zoned. Average whole-rock chemical analyses yield: SiO2, 77.13; TiO2, 0.12; Al2O3, 11.01; Fe2O3, 0.9; FeO, 0.35; MnO, 0.02; MgO, 0.19; CaO, 0.82; Na2O, 2.93; K2O, 4.99; P2O5, 0.03; H2O+, 1.17; H2O-, 0.22; total, 99.94 weight percent. Coexisting Fe-Ti oxide microphenocrysts yield equilibration temperatures ranging from 872° to 684°C while respective log f0 2 values range from -13.5 to -19.5. These temperatures are comparable to temperatures obtained using the plagioclase-glass geothermometer at a water pressure of 1 kb. Mineral buffer reactions yield water fugacities with corresponding water pressures up to 4.9 kb. Assuming water pressure equals total pressure, calculated depths of approximately 18 km are obtained indicating an origin within the crust. High silica values and high alkali to calcium ratios indicate that ix the lavas are chemically similar to bimodal rhyolite-basalt assemblages located in other areas of the western United States. Small outcrops of basalt, located west of the Etna area, also suggest a bimodal assemblage. Viscosity values (log n) for the south dome range from 7.05 to 10.35 suggesting that there was a change from a less viscous to a more viscous lava. Comparisons between hydrous and dry calculations indicate that falling water content as well as decreasing temperature were responsible for the change in viscosity and resulting structural changes.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the political beliefs and extent of political participati on of secondary and elementary teachers in the state of Utah. The relationship of sense of political efficacy and political participation for teachers as citizens and teachers as members of the teaching profession was investigated. The correlation of teacher as citizen political participation with teacher as professional political participation was also examined. Indexes measuring the teacher's sense of political efficacy, political participation, and extent to which they felt political behavior was professionally ethical were used. The data was gathered through personal interviews with a systematic random sample of Utah teachers. The hypothesized inconsistency between the political behavior of teachers as citizens and teachers as professionals was found to exist for those teachers who have the most limited definition of professionally ethical political behavior. The data also indicted that the professional political behavior of female teachers who have a conservative definition of professionally ethical political behavior cannot be predicted by examining their political activity as a citizen. Another conclusion was that sense of political efficacy is not a good predictor of the extent of political participation for teachers in Utah.

The influence of aspect on water yield variability over a long period, 1936-1964, was studied at two small, mountainous watersheds within the Davis County Experimental Watershed near Farmington, Utah. North-facing Miller Creek is densely vegetated by a conifer-aspen forest and mountain brush. Miller Creek's yield was more variable for daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual flows than yields from south-west facing Halfway Creek which is covered by mountain brush. Differences between watersheds in annual yield and snowmelt season runoff were nonsignificant. The snowmelt runoff season extended for an average of 65 days on both watersheds, but it began 24 days earlier (March 29) on Halfway. Approximately 57 percent of the mean annual flow of 19.4 inches on Halfway, and 68 percent of Miller's mean annual yield of 17.9 inches occurred during the snowmelt runoff season. One-third of Halfway's annual flow and one-half of Miller's occurred during the May 15 to September 15 growing season when only one-fifth of the annual precipitation of 42 inches usually fell. The difference between the growing season flows from the two watersheds was significant, with Miller's flow greater by 3.4 inches.

Data for this study was gathered by questionnaires completed by thirteen drill team directors, thirty-eight women physical education department heads at schools not having a drill team, fifty-six girls who were members of the precision drill team at their school and 416 girls who were not members of a precision drill team. Drill team directors indicated strong feelings of success as to the organization and administration of their groups and also were positive as to the merits of precision drill teams in the junior high schools. The majority of the physical education department heads did not desire that a precision drill team be organized at their school although many indicated that they realized some of the merits of such groups. Administrative philosophy appeared to be the biggest reason why these schools did not include a drill team in the school curriculum. Drill team members believed strongly in the benefits of a junior high school drill team, indicating their feelings of success and personal satisfaction as a result of their participation. The majority of non-drill team members indicated that they would like to be a drill team member and showed strong support for the drill team at their school. Findings indicated that all of the respondents were in harmony as to the merits of a drill team and nearly any school desiring a drill team would be able to with the only possible restriction being lack of facilities.

This thesis compares hypotheses about Fremont agricultural investment to evaluate the relationship between dry or rainfall farming and irrigation farming. Recent identification of a Fremont irrigation feature at Pleasant Creek provides an opportunity to study farming commitment through labor investment. A comparison of relative efficiencies of irrigated and dry-farmed maize using experimental digging exercises and cross-cultural comparisons generate data about the range of investment, carrying capacity, and the contexts of selection operating under circumstances like those at Pleasant Creek. The analysis shows that irrigated maize efficiency remains equivalent to or lower than dry-farmed maize. Irrigation labor costs influence maize return rates more with fewer years of canal operation and suggest that technological investment in irrigation at the project site would be “worth it” only with anticipated long-term commitment. For instance, labor costs of irrigation amortized over time show that initial construction costs no longer affect energetic return rates of maize after four to six years of canal use. Beyond this span of time, field labor and processing time condition overall return rates more than distinctive labor costs of irrigation. The application of carrying capacity scenarios indicates the canal likely supported between 30 and 100 individuals. Analysis of infrastructural complexity and labor group size suggests that Pleasant Creek was home to a group operating within complexity beyond egalitarian forager organization. The level of investment and productivity suggests a community, likely bound by kinship ties with a corporate management style, engaged in subsistence-level agriculture that served to expand the farmable area and reduce the risk of food shortage in an agriculturally marginal area.

Growth data were collected on 1848 Targhee and Targhee crossbred lambs from the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station flock at Cedar City for 1981 and 1982. The study objectives were to establish growth curves for seven lamb genotypes and examine within genotype growth differences among four grazing treatments (sheep alone, sheep and cattle mixed, both continuous and rotation). Body weights were measured at birth, and at mean ages of 56, 120, and 154 (weaning) days of age. Linear, quadratic, and cubic regressions of weight on age were used to establish growth curves. Among genotype comparisons of entire growth curves were impossible as non-linear components were significant. (p<.05). Thus, weights per weigh period and average daily gain between weigh periods were examined to determine differences. Rearing type, birth type, genotype, and pasture treatment were 50.9%, 22.7%, 12.4%, and 6.1%, respectively, of the total variance accounted for by the effects on weaning weights examined. Overall growth patterns were the same for all genotypes with the most rapid gains occurring between 56 and 120 days of age (combined mean .66 pounds). Suffolk-sired lambs from Suffolk-Targhee and Targhee-Finn-Targhee ewes were faster gaining (p<.05) than straight-bred Targhee lambs as well as those from Suffolk sires bred to finn-Targhee, Targhee-Suffokl-Targhee ewes. The second most rapid gains (combined mean .56 pounds) occurred between birth and 56 days. All crossbred lambs had higher average daily gains than Targhee lambs (p%lt;.05). The slowest rate of gain (mean .16 pounds) occurred int he 34 days prior to weaning. Not all differences in body weight among pastures can be attributed to grazing treatments as three genotypes exhibited a significant (p<.05) effect of pasture assignment on weight prior to treatment implementation. Despite initial weight imbalances, genotypes responded similarly to pasture treatments. Sheep rotation pastures had the lightest (p<.05) lambs for most genotypes exhibiting differences in grazing treatments at 120 days and in all genotypes at weaning. The fastest gains and heaviest lambs were in mixed species pastures. In sheep alone pastures, lamb performance was better in continuously grazed pastures than in the rotation pastures.

Wool as it is shorn from the sheep, is known as grease wool. The first tep in the manufacturing of wool is scouring, or removal of all grease and foreign matter. Within any given grade, as determined by length of staple and fineness of fiber, the yield of clean wool is the primary factor in determining the value of the original grease wool. The price of scoured or clean wool is multiplied by the percentage yield of clean wool to determine the value of the grease wool. Wool is graded and sorted before being scoured by the manufacturer. Large quantities are prepared for the scouring vate and the identity of the grower's clip is lost. Hence, the grower is entirely dependent upon the buyer's estimate of shrinkage or yield of clean wool, unless he obtains a representative sample of his clip and has it scoured to determine the yield. The object of the work reported in this thesis was to obtain information on the variability in yields of clean wool in Utah herds, and to add to work already done on methods of sampling and dtermining yields. Three methods have been used: (1) Whole fleece samples, (2) composite samples, and (3) side samples from individual sheep. Literature concerning each of these methods and other pertinent material is reviewed, and results obtained in Utah are presented.