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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Impact of Intensive-Care-Unit(ICU)-Acquired Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia(VAP) on Hospital Mortality : A Matched-Paired Case-Control Study

Uno, Hideo, Takezawa, Jun, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Suka, Machi, Yoshida, Katsumi 01 1900 (has links)
No description available.
22

Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonien auf Intensivstationen des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig: Epidemiologie, Risikofaktoren, Prävention und Diagnostik

Kleine, Fabian 01 April 2019 (has links)
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse Ventilator-assoziierter Pneumonien (VAP) auf drei Intensivstationen des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit epidemiologischen Kennzahlen, Risikofaktoren, Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie der Diagnostik nach CDC Kriterien. Dabei wird besonders die Bedeutung der VAP auf den untersuchten Intensivstationen dargestellt. Aus den untersuchten Variablen werden Präventionsmaßnahmen abgeleitet und ein Maßnahmen-Bündel vorgeschlagen. Die Diagnostik nach CDC Kriterien wird genauer analysiert und bewertet.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 1.1 Einleitung 1.2 Theoretischer Hintergrund 1.2.1 Definition 1.2.2 Epidemiologie der Ventilator-assoziierten Pneumonie 1.2.3 Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonien in verschiedenen Alterskategorien 1.2.4 Bedeutung einer Ventilator-assoziierten Pneumonie 1.2.5 Prävention einer Ventilator-assoziierten Pneumonie 1.2.6 Schwierigkeiten bei der Diagnostik einer Ventilator-assoziierten Pneumonie 2 Aufgabenstellung und Ziele 3 Materialien und Methoden 3.1 Ethikvotum 3.2 Einschlusskriterien 3.3 Patientenauswahl und Selektion der untersuchten Variablen 3.3.1 Allgemeine Faktoren 3.3.2 Beatmungsassoziierte Faktoren 3.3.3 Pflegerische und medizinische Maßnahmen 3.3.4 Weitere Maßnahmen 3.4 Statistische Analyse 4 Ergebnisse 4.1 Vergleich der Patienten mit und ohne Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonie 4.1.1 Allgemeine Faktoren 4.1.2 Beatmungsassoziierte Faktoren 4.1.3 Pflegerische und medizinische Maßnahmen 4.1.4 Weitere Maßnahmen 4.1.5 Univariate Risikoanalyse 4.1.6 Multivariate Risikoanalyse 4.1.7 Patienten mit early-onset und late-onset VAP 4.2 Vergleich der Patienten mit und ohne Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonie hinsichtlich der Alterskategorien „Jung“, „Mittel-Alt“, „Alt“ und „Sehr Alt“ 4.2.1 Allgemeine Faktoren 4.2.2 Beatmungsassoziierte Faktoren 4.2.3 Pflegerische und medizinische Maßnahmen 4.2.4 Weitere Maßnahmen 4.2.5 Univariate Risikoanalyse 4.2.6 Multivariate Risikoanalyse 5 Diskussion 5.1 Vergleich der Patienten mit und ohne Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonie 5.1.2 Allgemeine Faktoren 5.1.2 Beatmungsassoziierte Faktoren 5.1.3 Pflegerische und medizinische Maßnahmen 5.1.4 Weitere Maßnahmen 5.1.5 Early- und late-onset VAP 5.1.6 Zwischenfazit 5.2 Vergleich der Patienten mit und ohne Ventilator-assoziierte Pneumonie hinsichtlich der Alterskategorien „Jung“, „Mittel-Alt“, „Alt“ und „Sehr Alt“ 5.2.1 Allgemeine Faktoren 5.2.2 Beatmungsassoziierte Faktoren 5.2.3 Pflegerische und medizinische Maßnahmen 5.2.4 Weitere Maßnahmen 5.2.5 Zwischenfazit 5.3 Limitationen 6 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 7 Literatur-, Tabellen- und Abbildungsverzeichnis 7.1 Literaturverzeichnis 7.2 Tabellenverzeichnis 7.3 Abbildungsverzeichnis 8 Anhang 9 Selbstständigkeitserklärung und Danksagung 9.1 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 9.2 Lebenslauf 9.3 Danksagung
23

Effectiveness of subglottic suctioning in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia

Amato, Cody Winston 01 May 2011 (has links)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the leading healthcare-acquired infection among ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICU). VAP is a serious patient complication that results in increased hospital length of stay, cost, morbidity, and mortality. The accumulation of subglottic secretions above the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff increases the risk of VAP, as these secretions may leak around the cuff of the ETT resulting in aspiration and an increased risk for infection. An in depth literature review was done to determine the effectiveness of subglottic secretion aspiration (by means of specialized ETT tubes with intrinsic suction lumens) in decreasing the incidence rate of VAP. Evidenced-based data were gathered from the CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases for this review. VAP guidelines recommend subglottic secretion aspiration as a means to prevent its occurrence. However, important variables such as suction pressure, frequency, secretion viscosity, and ETT cuff pressure and volume need to be considered. The interaction among these variables determines the effectiveness of subglottic secretion removal. The goal of this review was to highlight these interactions and provide evidenced-based information for critical care nurses to expand their understanding of the dynamics involved in subglottic secretion aspiration and how to efficiently use this practice to prevent VAP.
24

Oral Health and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Older ICU Patients

Luciano, Gina Maria, ACNP-BC 11 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
25

The efficacy of oral subglottic secretion suctioning to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia

Degennaro, Joyce 01 January 2009 (has links)
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection that is acquired in critically ill patients 48 hours or more after intubation. Many interventions have been studied to reduce or prevent patients from acquiring VAP. This integrated literature review examines empirical evidence related to suctioning techniques that reduce or prevent the acquisition of VAP. Oral and subglottic secretion suctioning were examined in depth. It is concluded that the intervention of oral and subglottic secretion suctioning was shown to reduce the incidence of VAP in adult patients.
26

The Aspergillus fumigatus Vap-Vip methyltransferase pathway modulates stress response, secondary metabolism and azole resistance

Amoedo Machi, Hugo 24 July 2018 (has links)
No description available.
27

Monitoramento de potros por ultrasonografia torácica, cultura bacteriológica e pcr: diagnóstico de infecção subclínica por Rhodococcus equi / Monitoring foals by thoracic ultrasonography, bacterial culture and PCR : diagnostic of Rhodococcus equi subclinical pneumonia

Huber, Laura January 2016 (has links)
Rhodococcus equi (R.equi), uma bactéria gram-positiva intracelular facultativa, é uma causa importante de pneumonia em potros com idade entre 3 semanas e 5 meses. A manifestação clinica mais comum da doença é a broncopneumonia piogranulomatosa com abscedação. Na pneumonia causada por R. equi os primeiros sinais clínicos podem não ser aparentes até que as alterações patológicas estejam bastante avançadas, por esse motivo, o diagnóstico precoce e acurado de potros com pneumonia por R. equi se torna fundamental. O diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se na detecção de R. equi na cultura bacteriológica e identificação molecular a partir da amostra de lavado traqueal; no entanto, essa técnica é invasiva, traz riscos para o animal e é relativamente cara. A ultrassonografia (US) para detecção precoce tem se tornado uma pratica de rotina em muitas fazendas endêmicas para rodococose equina. Com o advento dessa prática de triagem, a forma mais identificada de pneumonia por R. equi tem sido a subclínica, onde os animais apresentam presença de alterações pulmonares mas não apresentam sinais clínicos da doença. Atualmente, vapA é o gene com função demonstrada na virulência. Identificação de R. equi por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em amostras de fezes tem se mostrado efetivo para o reconhecimento precoce do agente. Ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes e swab nasal foram realizadas em 22 potros desde as 3 até as 16 semanas de idade (intervalos de 15 dias) de 3 fazendas endêmicas de criação de cavalos no sul do Brasil para identificar a ocorrência de doença subclínica. A associação entre a ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes possibilitaram a detecção de doença subclínica e identificação de pontos críticos de controle dessa doença. Considerando o fato de que 95.4% dos potros apresentaram doença subclínica e que nenhum deles desenvolveu a doença clínica demonstra que o tratamento desses casos não é justificável para a população analisada. / Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is an important cause of pneumonia in foals between 3 weeks and 5 months of age. Pneumonia caused by R. equi is an insidious disease in which clinical signs may not be apparent until pathologic changes are well progressed. Because of the insidious progression of infection to severe clinical signs, early and accurate diagnosis of foals with R. equi pneumonia is important. Definitive diagnosis is based on R. equi detection by bacterial culture and molecular identification from tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA), this procedure is invasive, labor-intensive, requires skill, carries risks to foals, and is relatively expensive. The sequential thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) to early detection of the disease has been adopted as a screening method in many endemic farms; for this reason, subclinical disease has been the most frequently observed form. Nowadays, vapA is the only virulent gene identified. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a noninvasive technique with good diagnostic accuracy. Thoracic ultrasound screening (TUS) and PCR from fecal and nasal swab samples were performed in 22 foals from 3 to 16 weeks of age from 3 endemic farms at south of Brazil to identify the occurrence of R. equi subclinical disease. The association of TUS and fecal PCR detection of virulent R. equi provided a possibility of identification of critical points in disease control. Considering the fact that 95.4% of the foals showed evidence of subclinical disease and none of them developed any signs of clinical disease, the antibiotic treatment was not reasonable for the foals followed.
28

Monitoramento de potros por ultrasonografia torácica, cultura bacteriológica e pcr: diagnóstico de infecção subclínica por Rhodococcus equi / Monitoring foals by thoracic ultrasonography, bacterial culture and PCR : diagnostic of Rhodococcus equi subclinical pneumonia

Huber, Laura January 2016 (has links)
Rhodococcus equi (R.equi), uma bactéria gram-positiva intracelular facultativa, é uma causa importante de pneumonia em potros com idade entre 3 semanas e 5 meses. A manifestação clinica mais comum da doença é a broncopneumonia piogranulomatosa com abscedação. Na pneumonia causada por R. equi os primeiros sinais clínicos podem não ser aparentes até que as alterações patológicas estejam bastante avançadas, por esse motivo, o diagnóstico precoce e acurado de potros com pneumonia por R. equi se torna fundamental. O diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se na detecção de R. equi na cultura bacteriológica e identificação molecular a partir da amostra de lavado traqueal; no entanto, essa técnica é invasiva, traz riscos para o animal e é relativamente cara. A ultrassonografia (US) para detecção precoce tem se tornado uma pratica de rotina em muitas fazendas endêmicas para rodococose equina. Com o advento dessa prática de triagem, a forma mais identificada de pneumonia por R. equi tem sido a subclínica, onde os animais apresentam presença de alterações pulmonares mas não apresentam sinais clínicos da doença. Atualmente, vapA é o gene com função demonstrada na virulência. Identificação de R. equi por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em amostras de fezes tem se mostrado efetivo para o reconhecimento precoce do agente. Ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes e swab nasal foram realizadas em 22 potros desde as 3 até as 16 semanas de idade (intervalos de 15 dias) de 3 fazendas endêmicas de criação de cavalos no sul do Brasil para identificar a ocorrência de doença subclínica. A associação entre a ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes possibilitaram a detecção de doença subclínica e identificação de pontos críticos de controle dessa doença. Considerando o fato de que 95.4% dos potros apresentaram doença subclínica e que nenhum deles desenvolveu a doença clínica demonstra que o tratamento desses casos não é justificável para a população analisada. / Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is an important cause of pneumonia in foals between 3 weeks and 5 months of age. Pneumonia caused by R. equi is an insidious disease in which clinical signs may not be apparent until pathologic changes are well progressed. Because of the insidious progression of infection to severe clinical signs, early and accurate diagnosis of foals with R. equi pneumonia is important. Definitive diagnosis is based on R. equi detection by bacterial culture and molecular identification from tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA), this procedure is invasive, labor-intensive, requires skill, carries risks to foals, and is relatively expensive. The sequential thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) to early detection of the disease has been adopted as a screening method in many endemic farms; for this reason, subclinical disease has been the most frequently observed form. Nowadays, vapA is the only virulent gene identified. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a noninvasive technique with good diagnostic accuracy. Thoracic ultrasound screening (TUS) and PCR from fecal and nasal swab samples were performed in 22 foals from 3 to 16 weeks of age from 3 endemic farms at south of Brazil to identify the occurrence of R. equi subclinical disease. The association of TUS and fecal PCR detection of virulent R. equi provided a possibility of identification of critical points in disease control. Considering the fact that 95.4% of the foals showed evidence of subclinical disease and none of them developed any signs of clinical disease, the antibiotic treatment was not reasonable for the foals followed.
29

Monitoramento de potros por ultrasonografia torácica, cultura bacteriológica e pcr: diagnóstico de infecção subclínica por Rhodococcus equi / Monitoring foals by thoracic ultrasonography, bacterial culture and PCR : diagnostic of Rhodococcus equi subclinical pneumonia

Huber, Laura January 2016 (has links)
Rhodococcus equi (R.equi), uma bactéria gram-positiva intracelular facultativa, é uma causa importante de pneumonia em potros com idade entre 3 semanas e 5 meses. A manifestação clinica mais comum da doença é a broncopneumonia piogranulomatosa com abscedação. Na pneumonia causada por R. equi os primeiros sinais clínicos podem não ser aparentes até que as alterações patológicas estejam bastante avançadas, por esse motivo, o diagnóstico precoce e acurado de potros com pneumonia por R. equi se torna fundamental. O diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se na detecção de R. equi na cultura bacteriológica e identificação molecular a partir da amostra de lavado traqueal; no entanto, essa técnica é invasiva, traz riscos para o animal e é relativamente cara. A ultrassonografia (US) para detecção precoce tem se tornado uma pratica de rotina em muitas fazendas endêmicas para rodococose equina. Com o advento dessa prática de triagem, a forma mais identificada de pneumonia por R. equi tem sido a subclínica, onde os animais apresentam presença de alterações pulmonares mas não apresentam sinais clínicos da doença. Atualmente, vapA é o gene com função demonstrada na virulência. Identificação de R. equi por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em amostras de fezes tem se mostrado efetivo para o reconhecimento precoce do agente. Ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes e swab nasal foram realizadas em 22 potros desde as 3 até as 16 semanas de idade (intervalos de 15 dias) de 3 fazendas endêmicas de criação de cavalos no sul do Brasil para identificar a ocorrência de doença subclínica. A associação entre a ultrassonografia torácica e PCR das amostras de fezes possibilitaram a detecção de doença subclínica e identificação de pontos críticos de controle dessa doença. Considerando o fato de que 95.4% dos potros apresentaram doença subclínica e que nenhum deles desenvolveu a doença clínica demonstra que o tratamento desses casos não é justificável para a população analisada. / Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is an important cause of pneumonia in foals between 3 weeks and 5 months of age. Pneumonia caused by R. equi is an insidious disease in which clinical signs may not be apparent until pathologic changes are well progressed. Because of the insidious progression of infection to severe clinical signs, early and accurate diagnosis of foals with R. equi pneumonia is important. Definitive diagnosis is based on R. equi detection by bacterial culture and molecular identification from tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA), this procedure is invasive, labor-intensive, requires skill, carries risks to foals, and is relatively expensive. The sequential thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) to early detection of the disease has been adopted as a screening method in many endemic farms; for this reason, subclinical disease has been the most frequently observed form. Nowadays, vapA is the only virulent gene identified. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a noninvasive technique with good diagnostic accuracy. Thoracic ultrasound screening (TUS) and PCR from fecal and nasal swab samples were performed in 22 foals from 3 to 16 weeks of age from 3 endemic farms at south of Brazil to identify the occurrence of R. equi subclinical disease. The association of TUS and fecal PCR detection of virulent R. equi provided a possibility of identification of critical points in disease control. Considering the fact that 95.4% of the foals showed evidence of subclinical disease and none of them developed any signs of clinical disease, the antibiotic treatment was not reasonable for the foals followed.
30

Nursing Shortage in the Acute Care Setting Affects Patient Safety and Outcomes

Montgomery, Sam, Ragan, Chloe Ava, Duncan, Marleigh, Ososkalo, Damaris 23 April 2023 (has links)
Research Abstract Purpose: to explain how there is a direct correlation between nursing staff ratios and patient results regarding mortality, infection, poor patient safety, and other sentinel events. Aims: how is patient care compromised by nursing staff shortage? Methods: observational studies from public information records such as Medicare patient claims, AHA, and surveys from RNs working at acute care hospitals. Results: certain groups are more susceptible to sentinel events. Patients with chronic diseases, elderly, patients needing intensive care, or overall unstable patients are examples of patients who fall under this category. Studies show that patients are at higher risk for receiving detrimental care due to poor nurse to patient ratio. Conclusions: adding to a nurse’s workload increases patient mortality in length of stay in hospitals due to hospital administration only needing to meet the minimum staffing requirements. The minimum staffing required for operations still does not meet the recommendations provided by the Safe Staffing Act. Key Words: nurse shortages, patient safety, patient outcomes, healthcare quality, workload, hospital acquired infections, staffing, CAUTI, VAP, CABI

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