Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campioni_jm_me_jabo.pdf: 299949 bytes, checksum: f61e757f800c01b36b0ae99a0fbe3f0f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Parâmetros clínicos, imunitários, proteinograma sérico e epidemiológicos da vacinação em gansos-da-China foram avaliados por três experimentos. Amostras vacinais Ulster 2C, B1 e La Sota do VDN foram utilizadas. A importância epidemiológica e pesquisa do estado de portador do VDN também foram avaliadas. No experimento 1, foram utilizados 120 gansos-da-China de um dia a 60 dias de idade, distribuídos em 4 tratamentos com 30 animais, submetidos a diferentes esquemas imunoprofiláticos. Os resultados dos títulos de anticorpos (HI) mostraram que os programas imunoprofiláticos ensaiados foram igualmente eficientes no estímulo da resposta imune humoral. Após o desafio frente a uma estirpe patogênica do VDN, aos 60 dias de vida das aves, em todos os grupos, realizou-se a extração de RNA viral através da reação de cadeia de polimerase pós Transcrição Reversa (RT-PCR). No experimento 2, foram utilizadas aves SPF conviventes com gansos-da-China inoculados com uma estirpe patogênica do VDN, decorridos seis, 10 e 20 dias da infecção experimental, após a infecção com o VDN, nas duas espécies, empregou-se a técnica do RT-PCR. Observou-se a transmissão de vírus patogênico (VDN) dos gansos-da- China para as aves SPF conviventes decorridos até 14 dias da infecção experimental com este patógeno, o que vem realçar a importância do ganso-da-China como fonte potencial de infecção de VDN para aves domésticas No experimento 3, foram determinadas as concentrações séricas das proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas das aves vacinadas e não vacinadas contra a doença de Newcastle. Notou-se que aos 42 dias de idade, de forma geral, os gansos vacinados com as estirpes Ulster 2C, B1 e Lasota apresentaram diferença de forma significativa em relação ao grupo controle para as concentrações séricas de albumina, especialmente o grupo vacinado com a estirpe LaSota. / The clinical, epidemiological, immunological parameters and the serum proteinogram of vaccination in Chinese geese were investigated using 3 experiments. Ulster 2C, B1 and LaSota vaccines strains of the NDV were used. In experiment 1, 120 one-day-old Chinese geese were used, and divided into 4 different groups with 30 birds per group. They were submitted to different vaccination programs. The immunological responses in these birds were measured by HI test. These birds were also challenged with a pathogenic VDN strain at 60 days of age. After challenge, in all the groups, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected for RT-PCR. Independent of the group, clinical signs of reaction to the vaccine were not observed. The antibody titers (HI) results showed that the immune vaccine programs adopted were equally efficient in stimulating protective levels of humoral immune responses. Challenged Chinese geese were refractory to the NDV clinical disease. However, a NDV carrier state was shown in this species until 20 days after experimental infection. The vaccinated groups of Chinese geese did not present any genetic material of virus in the RT-PCR. Therefore, these results show the relevance of vaccination in suppressing a NDV carrier state in the Chinese geese. In experiment 2, SPF chickens housed with Chinese geese which were previously inoculated with a pathogenic NDV strain, developed severe and characteristic NDV lesions and died, after five and 14 days. In experiment 3, the serum proteinogram showed significantly differences for albumin concentrations between the vaccinated and the control group at 42 days of age, especially the birds vaccinated with LaSota strain.

The rate at which stars have formed throughout the history of theuniverse is not constant, it started out slow, increased until around redshift ∼ 2 when it reversed and became slower again. The reason for this behaviour is still being investigated with various models and simulations usually based upon dark matter halos. The aim of this study is to instead investigate whether there is a correlation between the cosmic star formation rate and the evolution of cosmic voids. This is achieved by comparing the total mass flow from voids with the amount of matter forming stars. A simple model of void mass flow is created and compared with observational data of star formation. The model is shown to exhibit the same behaviour as the star formation rate indicating that there is indeed a correlation between void evolution and star formation. This suggests it to be fruitful to create a more involved, alternative model of star formation based upon void evolution as opposed to the common halo evolution / Hur snabbt stjärnor bildas har genom universums historia förändrats över tid, det började långsamt och ökade sedan fram till rödförskutning ∼ 2 då trenden vände och saktade ner igen. Förklaringen till detta beteende utforskas fortfarande genom diverse modeller och simularingar som vanligtvis bygger på mörk materia halos. Syftet med detta arbete är att istället undersöka ifall det finns en korrelation mellan tomrumsutveckling och den kosmiska stjärnbildningen. Detta åstadkoms genom att jämföra det totala massflödet från tomrum med den massa som bildar stjärnorna. En simpel model för tomrumsutveckling skapas och jämförs med observationell data för stjärnbildningshastighet. Denna modell visar samma beteende som stjärnbildningen och tyder på att det finns en korrelation mellan denna och tommrumsutveckling. Som slutsats pekar denna studie på att det kan vara fruktbart att utveckla en mer anancerad modell för den kosmiska stjärnbildningen som bygger på tomrumsutveckling istället för mörk materia halos.

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