Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ReynaldoBarrosde_M.pdf: 4185752 bytes, checksum: ed943a90ea99ae1eba06b60915cb20d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da tecnologia de veículos híbridos abrangendo os aspectos da propulsão e armazenamento de energia. O desenvolvimento de veículos com maior eficiência energética depende da análise das características de desempenho do veículo, bem como suas condições de utilização. O dimensionamento dos armazenadores de energia é considerado um desafio visto que, o sobredimensionamento da capacidade reduz a eficiência global do veículo, devido ao acréscimo de peso, enquanto que o subdimensionamento resulta numa utilização parcial do potencial de veículos híbridos. Através de um modelo de dinâmica veicular longitudinal serão realizadas simulações em três configurações de veículos e a comparação entre seus resultados. As forças requeridas no movimento de um veículo, resistência ao rolamento, resistência à inclinação e arrasto aerodinâmico, são dependentes do trajeto percorrido pelo usuário. As condições de utilização devem ser representadas em ciclos de condução padrão, utilizados em testes de emissões de poluentes e consumo de combustível, estes serão apresentados e discutidos. A partir das simulações realizadas são analisadas as demandas de potência e energia, provendo uma indicação dos benefícios de um sistema híbrido no desempenho e consumo de combustível. Observa-se uma redução expressiva no consumo energético e conseqüente menor utilização de combustível e menor custo de utilização, embora a tecnologia híbrida agregue um maior custo inicial / Abstract: This paper focus on the study of energy storage and management for hybrid electric vehicles. The development of higher efficiency vehicles depends on the analysis of vehicle performance characteristics and driving conditions. Sizing the energy capacity of the storage system, using batteries or other kinds of electric components, can be considered a big challenge once oversizing means inefficiency due to the increase of weight and undersizing results in partial use of hybrid advantages. The forces involved in a vehicle movement such as aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance and grading resistance, are fully dependent on the conditions of every possible course the driver might run, most situations should be represented on the driving pattern cycle, used for emissions and consumption tests, which will be presented and discussed. Modeling vehicle dynamic to analyze power and energy demand of each vehicle during different test cycles provides an indication of the benefits on hybrid system for performance and fuel consumption. . The results show a significant reduction on energy consumption and consequently also on driving costs / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T05:45:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_FernandaCristina_D.pdf: 2997267 bytes, checksum: d232b968b2a0c38ad71028200424345b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O considerável aumento de automóveis tem causado graves efeitos ao meio ambiente e para o homem, fato este que incentiva a pesquisa pela obtenção de formas de energia mais limpa. A adoção da tecnologia propulsora híbrida veicular tem contribuído para a redução da agressão causada pelos automóveis ao meio ambiente. O termo "híbrido" deriva da combinação de duas ou mais fontes de potência, sendo que a combinação mais comum se faz através de um motor de combustão interna (MCI), comumente usado em veículos convencionais, com o conjunto bateria e motor elétrico (ME) usados nos VEs (Veículos Elétricos). Em geral, a principal razão para usar a arquitetura híbrida elétrica é o grau de liberdade adicional devido à presença de uma fonte de energia adicional além do tanque de combustível; isto implica que, a cada instante, a potência necessária pelo veículo pode ser fornecida por uma dessas fontes, ou por uma combinação das duas. Escolher a combinação correta é normalmente uma tarefa complexa. Dentro desse contexto, neste trabalho é realizado o desenvolvimento e a análise das estratégias de gerenciamento de potência em um VEH a fim de minimizar o seu consumo de combustível e consequentemente suas emissões. São desenvolvidas duas estratégias de gerenciamento, a primeira baseada em regras e a segunda utilizando sistemas fuzzy. Além disso, também é realizado o controle interno do motor a combustão, de forma que este opere, na maior do tempo, em regiões que tenham um menor consumo específico. Por meio da utilização das estratégias de gerenciamento de potência aliadas ao controle do motor a combustão é possível obter uma considerável economia de combustível. Comparando-se as duas estratégias desenvolvidas, a estratégia baseada em fuzzy é a que proporcionou melhor economia de combustível / Abstract: The considerable increase of automobiles has caused serious effects to the environment and to man; this fact encourages research by obtaining forms of cleaner energy. The adoption of hybrid vehicle propulsion technology has contributed to the reduction of aggression caused by car to the environment. The term "hybrid" derives from the combination of two or more power sources, and the most common combination is by of the engine (MCI), commonly used in conventional vehicles, together with the battery and motor electric (ME) used in EVs (Electric Vehicles). In general, the main reason to use the architecture electric hybrid is the additional degree of freedom due to the presence of an energy source plus additional fuel tank, this implies that, at each instant, the power required the vehicle may be provided by one of these sources, or a combination of both. Choose the correct combination is usually a complex task. Within of this context, this work development is undertaken and analysis of strategies for power management in a VEH in order to minimize fuel consumption and thus emissions. Two management strategies are developed, the first is based in rules and the second is based in fuzzy systems. Furthermore, it is also performed internal control engine combustion of so that it operates at greater time in regions having lower specific fuel consumption. Through the use of power management strategies coupled with the motor control combustion is possible to obtain a considerable saving of fuel. Comparing the two strategies developed, the strategy based on fuzzy is that provided better economy fuel / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica

Vehicle suspension optimisation is a complex and difficult task, as there are a variety of factors influencing the dynamic performance of a vehicle. During suspension development, the optimisation of a selected few of these factors is often to the detriment of others, as they are all inter-related. In addition, expertise in vehicle setup and suspension tuning is scarce, and is limited to experienced racing teams and large automotive manufacturers with extensive research and development capabilities. The motivation for this research was therefore to provide objective and user-friendly methodologies for vehicle suspension optimisation, in order to support student projects like Formula Student, while having relevance to the needs of the South African automotive industry and racing community. With the onset of digital data acquisition, it has become feasible to take real-time measurements of tyre temperatures, to provide information on how a tyre is performing at a specific point on the track. Measuring the tyre surface temperature can provide a useful indication on whether the tyre is loaded equally or not, and what suspension adjustments should be made to improve tyre load distribution.

This thesis deals with simulation vehicle models for lateral control. It surveys step by step to models of tire, truck and control. At the end are showed influences of model parameters to vehicles dynamics.

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Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:27:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eckert_JonyJavorski_M.pdf: 14458146 bytes, checksum: b2eb0f5d4618d1873858f49c66965bec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Dinâmica veicular é o estudo das interações entre o veículo, condutor e o ambiente bem como as reações de carga, sendo esta dividida em 3 grandes áreas: dinâmica longitudinal, vertical e lateral. Existem variações entre os métodos propostos pela literatura para o cálculo da dinâmica longitudinal do veículo, sendo que o objetivo deste trabalho é, por meio de simulações, compararem os resultados obtidos pelas diversas metodologias. Por meio de um modelo gerado com auxílio do programa de análise dinâmica de multicorpos Adams®, juntamente com o Simulink Matlab®, foram implementados os métodos de cálculo propostos pela literatura de forma a simular o comportamento de um veículo em função de uma demanda de potência gerada por meio do padrão de velocidades imposto pelos ciclos das normas brasileiras NBR6601 e NBR7024. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados por meio da correlação linear entre as curvas de torque resultantes do modelo dinâmico, possibilitando uma avaliação entre os resultados encontrados pelos diferentes métodos. Também foram avaliados o consumo de combustível, a influência da variação da massa do veículo e da estratégia de condução no comportamento dinâmico do veículo, bem como modelos complementares referentes a veículos híbridos e o efeito da adição de um modelo de embreagem no conjunto simulado / Abstract: Vehicular dynamics is the study of interactions between vehicle, driver and load reactions. The vehicular dynamics is divided into three areas: longitudinal, vertical and lateral. There are variations between the methods proposed in the literature to calculate the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle. The purpose of this study is, through simulations; compare the results obtained by different methods. By means of a model generated by Adams® (Software of Multibody Dynamics Analysis) together with Simulink Matlab® were implemented the calculation methods proposed by literature to simulate the behavior of a vehicle according to a power demand resulting from the default speeds cycles required by Brazilian Standards NBR6601 and NBR7024. The results were compared using linear correlation between the couple curves resulting from the dynamic model, allowing an evaluation of the results reported by different methods. Were also evaluated: the fuel consumption and the influence of the mass vehicle variation, the driving strategy in the vehicle dynamic behavior, some complementary models of hybrid vehicles and the effect of add a clutch model / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Le but de ce travail est l'étude du problème de gestion de flot de conteneurs et de véhicules dans un réseau multimodal. Nous proposons une formulation du problème sous forme d'un modèle mathématique réaliste qui prend en considération les différents aspects liés au transport et au stockage des conteneurs et dont l'objectif est de minimiser le coût global de transport. Pour la résolution des grandes instances une approche de résolution bi-niveaux est proposée. Dans un premier niveau nous construisons un modèle agrégé plus facile à résoudre pour en extraire les décisions liées aux déplacements des trains et des barges ainsi qu'une borne duale de notre problème de base. Ces informations sont utilisées dans un deuxième niveau pour avoir des solutions de bonne qualité de notre problème par rapport aux solutions données par CPLEX en résolvant directement le modèle de base. Des résultats numériques sur des instances générées aléatoirement sont présentés et ils prouvent l'intérêt de l'approche de résolution proposée dans cette thèse. / The aim of this work is the study of the problem of managing the flow of containers and vehicles in a multimodal network. We propose a formulation of the problem under the form of a realistic mathematical model that takes into account the different aspects related to container transport and storage and whose objective is to minimize the overall cost of transport. For large-scale resolution, a two-level resolution approach is proposed. In a first level we build an aggregated model easier to solve to extract the decisions related to the movements of trains and barges as well as a dual terminal of our basic problem. This information is used in a second level to have good quality solutions of our problem compared to the solutions given by CPLEX by directly solving the basic model. Numerical results on randomly generated instances are presented and prove the value of the proposed resolution approach.

In this dissertation, a group of vehicle dynamics simulation tools is developed with two primary goals: to accurately represent vehicle behavior and to provide insight that improves the understanding of vehicle performance. Three tools are developed that focus on tire modeling, vehicle modeling and lap time simulation. Tire modeling is based on Nondimensional Tire Theory, which is extended to provide a flexible model structure that allows arbitrary inputs to be included. For example, rim width is incorporated as a continuous variable in addition to vertical load, inclination angle and inflation pressure. Model order is determined statistically and only significant effects are included. The fitting process is shown to provide satisfactory fits while fit parameters clearly demonstrate characteristic behavior of the tire. To represent the behavior of a complete vehicle, a Nondimensional Tire Model is used, along with a three degree of freedom vehicle model, to create Milliken Moment Diagrams (MMD) at different speeds, longitudinal accelerations, and under various yaw rate conditions. In addition to the normal utility of MMDs for understanding vehicle performance, they are used to develop Limit Acceleration Surfaces that represent the longitudinal, lateral and yaw acceleration limits of the vehicle. Quasi-transient lap time simulation is developed that simulates the performance of a vehicle on a predetermined path based on the Limit Acceleration Surfaces described above. The method improves on the quasi-static simulation method by representing yaw dynamics and indicating the vehicle's stability and controllability over the lap. These improvements are accomplished while maintaining the simplicity and computational efficiency of the two degree of freedom method. / Graduation date: 2013

A Variable Speed Control Moment Gyro (VSCMG) is a recently introduced actuator for spacecraft attitude control. As its name implies, a VSCMG is essentially a single-gimbal control moment gyro (CMG) with a flywheel allowed to have variable spin speed. Thanks to its extra degrees of freedom, a VSCMGs cluster can be used to achieve additional objectives, such as power tracking and/or singularity avoidance, as well as attitude control. In this thesis, control laws for an integrated power/attitude control system (IPACS) for a satellite using VSCMGs are introduced. The power tracking objective is achieved by storing or releasing the kinetic energy in the wheels. The proposed control algorithms perform both the attitude and power tracking goals simultaneously. This thesis also provides a singularity analysis and avoidance method using CMGs/VSCMGs. This issue is studied for both the cases of attitude tracking with and without a power tracking requirement. A null motion method to avoid singularities is presented, and a criterion is developed to determine the momentum region over which this method will successfully avoid singularities. The spacecraft angular velocity and attitude control problem using a single VSCMG is also addressed. A body-fixed axis is chosen to be perpendicular to the gimbal axis, and it is controlled to aim at an arbitrarily given inertial direction, while the spacecraft angular velocity is stabilized. Finally, an adaptive control algorithm for the spacecraft attitude tracking in case when the actuator parameters, for instance the spin axis directions, are uncertain is developed. The equations of motion in this case are fully nonlinear and represent a Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) system. The smooth projection algorithm is applied to keep the parameter estimates inside a singularity-free region. The design procedure can also be easily applied to general MIMO dynamical systems.