The fungal genus Botryosphaeria including its anamorphs has a cosmopolitan distribution and occurs on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnospermous hosts, including woody twigs and branches, herbaceous leaves, stems of grasses, and even lichen thalli. These fungi give rise to a wide variety of symptoms such as shoot blights, stem cankers, fruit rots, die-back and gummosis. They are also known as saprophytes on dead or dying stems, branches or leaves of plants. In Venezuela, the following species have been reported: Lasiodiplodia theobromae (the anamorph of Botryosphaeria rhodina), Diplodia pinea. D. mutila and Dothiorella spp. However, their characterization has been based only on morphological descriptions. The most common and well characterized species. L. theobromae, is associated with pines and other hosts. The focus of the studies presented in this thesis as to survey Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations in Venezuela for the presence and influence of Botryosphaeria spp., and to characterize these fungi using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. I also evaluated the pathogenicity and population biology of Botryosphaeria species present in the plantations. It was anticipated that the various studies would characterize a relatively large number of Botryosphaeria species, potentially recognize new species and provide some perspective of their relative importance to the Eucalyptus growing industry. The thesis has been divided into chapters that reflect discrete units prepared for future publication. The first chapter presents a review of the relevant literature. Two chapters treat the taxonomy of the Botryosphaeria spp. collected in this study. An additional two chapters consider the population biology of the most commonly encountered species and the remaining chapter deals with the pathogenicity of these fungi to Eucalyptus. In the literature review I treat the taxonomy of Botyosphaeria, which has been the subject of much uncertainty for many years. I also briefly review recent findings related to their molecular characterization. A focus is also placed on the pathogenicity of Botyosphaeria species on various host plants and their known importance in Venezuela. The focus concerns mainly Eucalyptus spp. Surveys that formed part of this study logically gave rise to a large collection of Botryosphaeria isolates. An important component of this thesis was to characterize these fungi. This was done based on morphological characteristics and also comparisons or DNA sequence data for various gene regions known to be informative for these fungi. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (anamorph of B.rhodina), B. ribis and B. parva were studied from a population biology perspective. These fungi were chosen for study because they were the most common species encountered on Eucalyptus in Venezuela. To study populations, I made use of simple sequence repeat markers (SS R). Three populations of each of L. theobromae (Venezuela, Mexico and South Africa) and B.ribis-B. parva complex (Venezuela, Colombia and Hawaii) were analysed and the data considered in terms of population differentiation, gene now, mode of reproduction, gene and genotype diversity. In the final chapter of this thesis, I evaluated the pathogenicity or the seven Botryosphaeria species identified from Venezuela. These seven species were thus inoculated on Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis hybrid clones. A second series of inoculations was then carried out with the two most pathogenic fungi to determine the relative tolerance or the most important clones to infection. This thesis was conducted over a period of four years. Work was undertaken both in Venezuela and South Africa and this necessitated long periods of time away from my home University and family. Surveys were conducted in many parts of Venezuela to collect the Botryospaeria spp. of interest for latter study in South Africa. The research chapters have been completed systematically and they evolved over time. Each represents a discrete unit implying that there is some overlap, at least in the references, between them. I would like to believe that the thesis will provide a firm foundation for further studies of Botryospaeria spp. and prove valuable to the small but important Eucalyptus growing industry in Venezuela. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

Ponentes: Prof. Rafael Casado Lezama (Perú) / Prof. Víctor Rodríguez Cedeño (Venezuela) / Prof. María Isabel Torres (España) / Prof. Luis Garcia-Corrochano Moyano (Perú) / Editorial UPC, presenta el libro: La controversia entre Venezuela y Guyana ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia: Fase Preliminar, la cual recoge la opinión de cinco prestigiosos juristas iberoamericanos, quienes disertan sobre la controversia en cuestión.

EXPOSITORES: Carlos Adrianzén Cabrera; Decano de la Facultad de Economía de la UPC: Venezuela, las cifras y tendencias del declive económico venezolano 1960-2018___Carlos Paredes Lanatta; Consultor y economista peruano: Políticas públicas y debacle económico______ PANELISTAS: Gabriel Manzano; Analista financiero venezolano___ Rafael Casado; Internacionalista venezolano___ Carlos Scull; Representante diplomático venezolano en el Perú

The primary objective of this study was to develop demand equations at retail for selected Venezuelan food commodities. Commodities included for analysis were rice, refined sugar, crude sugar, flour, potatoes, beef, pork, black beans, corn, and powdered milk. The basic statistical technique employed in the analysis was least squares multiple regression. Although several mathematical forms for these demand equations were evaluated, a log-log transform was found to be most useful. Independent variables included own price, prices of substitutes and complements, time and income . Observations were taken from Venezuelan time series data over the period 1945-1965. Development of these basic demand equations facilitated the treatment of a second objective which was to evaluate the degree of complementarity and substitution between each one of the commodities included in the model. Further, it provided the necessary structural framework to give exante examination to selected policy alternatives for Venezuelan agriculture. Alternatives examined included minimwn price and import policies. Interesting results and conclusions may be s ummarized as follows: 1. Difficult statistical problems are encountered in an attempt to estimate direct and cross elasticities of demand from time series data . 2 . A less general approach utilizing principles of demand theory is advisable until further requirements are made in the data series. 3. A consistent demand model docs provide useful insights into the interrelationships of commodity demands in terms of direction of change in price and quantity if not in terms of their magnitude. 4. Regional and social stratification of price, income and consumption data should improve the reliability of any subsequent analyses . 5. Additional household expenditure surveys of a cross-sectional nature would provide useful and necessary checks on the demand estimates obtained from time series data.

This thesis is a study of the socio-economic changes in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela since the new government came into office in 1999. The research hypothesis for this thesis is that the changes and parallel socioeconomic structures being implemented in Venezuela since 1999 have decreased structural violence, and have provided more inclusion for previously excluded people. As the methodology used is qualitative, utilizing textual analysis to conduct a case study, academic journals from the fields of conflict resolution, sociology, political science, public health, cultural studies and economics were relied upon for the most part. This study of structural violence and exclusion has necessitated the contextualization of the situation, and as such, neoliberalism as a major influence has been discussed to aid in understanding and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that the changes and parallel socioeconomic structures being implemented in Venezuela since 1999 have decreased structural violence, and have provided more inclusion for previously excluded people.

No description available.

A total of over 5000 mite specimens representing 49 species was studied and evaluated. The most frequently encountered species was Ornithonyssus bacoti. Based on these specimens, a brief review of the family Macronyssidae in Venezuela is presented. Included are brief notes as to medical importance and host relationships; also a key to the genera of Venezuelan Macronyssidae and a host-parasite list are included. Reprints of two papers and the manuscript of a third are included as part of the dissertation requirements. Contained in these are descriptions of three new genera (Argitis, Lepidodorsum, and Nycteronyssus) and four new species (Acanthonyssus proechimys, Argitis oryzomys, Lepidodorsum tiptoni, and Nycteronyssus desmodus.), all made from Venezuelan material.

Thesis advisor: Geoffrey Sanzenbacher / In recent decades, an increasing number of countries have adopted inflation targeting (IT) as a framework for monetary policy, wherein the country's central bank attempts to steer actual inflation toward a projected target rate. However, the question still remains whether or not IT can work in low-income countries experiencing hyperinflation, such as Venezuela. One of the main challenges facing such countries is the lack of credibility of their monetary institutions. Inflation targeting may help restore this credibility by committing the central bank to a transparent and accountable monetary policy. This paper delves into the theory of inflation targeting, examines the benefits and challenges associated with IT, and discusses the specific challenges that Venezuela may face when adopting IT. The paper also emphasizes the importance of accurate economic data in developing effective monetary policies and argues that forecasting can play a critical role in predicting the effectiveness of IT in Venezuela. Empirical evidence from other countries that have implemented inflation targeting will also be used to provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of this policy for Venezuela. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

Denna uppsats ämnar att observera och analysera hur representationen av Alba, den venezuelanska-inmigranten, förändras utifrån hennes migrationsstatus i den satiriska telenovelan (dokusåpan) - och romantisk dramakomedi: Jane The Virgin (2014). Forskningsfrågan är: Vad kan representationen av latinokaraktären som illegal fylla för syfte i Jane the Virgin?  Materialet som har analyserats är nyckelpunkter i Albas narrativ som valts för att illustrera hur huvudsakligen Alba men även hennes omgivning påverkas olika beroende på hennes migrationsstatus. Hennes representation och narrativ visade sig vara negativ så länge hon var illegal, respektive positiv när hon fått sitt amerikanska medborgarskap. Relevanta teorier om telenovelas användes för att tolka denna observation, vilket visade att denna representation kan fylla ett eller flera syften samtidigt. Albas resa kan tolkas som negativt eftersom den grundar sig i stereotyper som vidga gapet mellan vi:et och de:m, eller som hjälpsam för invandrare som bor i USA och använder serier som ett verktyg i sitt assimileringsprocess, eller som utbildande för seriens publik som inte är lika insatt i de illegala invandrares verklighet. Med stöd i Stuart Halls teori om representation är slutsatsen att det inte finns ett rätt eller fel sätt att tolka Albas resa och representation i Jane the Virgin (2014) därmed kan den uppfylla en eller flera olika syften. Dock är det viktigt att vara medveten om hur kontext kan påverka den enskildes tolkning av  produktionen.   Mediaproduktionen har haft som mål att representera det venezuelanska migranten och det venezuelanska köket för att göra reklam till Antojitos en Suecias cateringföretag.

In the 17th century, the Province of Venezuela was an unstable and violent corner of the Spanish world, economically fueled either by private conquest or the imposition of various forms of unfree labor. Though there were moments of resistance to slavery, the encomienda, and the reparimiento in other parts of Latin America, the Capuchin position was remarkably unified. This dissertation answers the question: what encouraged or allowed the Capuchins of Venezuela, as a corporate body, to take a posture of resistance to a program which had been legitimated by both civil and ecclesiastical authority? The answer surprisingly enough does not come from their immediate surroundings, but rather can be traced to its origins during the first hundred years after Francis of Assisi’s death. That is, resistance is not to be attributed either to modern or Iberian impulses, but to Medieval and Italian. This dissertation argues that the abolitionist position that these men articulated was a direct product of a radical Franciscan ideology that was internalized and transmitted via the Ordo Fratrum Minorum Cappucinorum. The Capuchins of Venezuela eschewed any concern for social stability or the flourishing of empire and instead embraced a radical conception of obedientia, which enabled them to resist coercive activity in the region. The key to this resistance was a perfectionist interpretation of the Franciscan vita. In this model, complete adherence to Francis’ way of living—as expressed in his writings, especially the Rule, and to his more radical descendants, the Testamentum—was understood to be the most ideal program for Christian living outside of the Gospels, providing a moveable locus of stability. The mind of Francis thus provided a transcendent point which was divorced from time, place, and immediate social concerns. Through analysis, literary and contextual, of Rule commentaries, personal correspondences, and polemical writings, three things become clear. The first is that there was a strain of Franciscan theology and praxis that rejected authority not directly derived from the life and methods of Francis of Assisi. Second, the Capuchins from their earliest moments adopted and espoused these positions as the official platform of the Reform. Finally, both of these elements primed the friars to resist the coercive colonial program in Venezuela. In undertaking this argument, this dissertation does not advance any claims of Franciscan exceptionalism, or imply that resistance to coercion was an integral part of the Capuchin colonial experience writ large. Instead, I attempt to illustrate that when the Capuchins chose to elevate their own consciences’ above contemporary social norms, they did so by utilizing methods which were deeply ingrained in the Capuchin Reform. / 2026-01-24T00:00:00Z