Orientador: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T08:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_VanessaGoncalvesdos_M.pdf: 2677797 bytes, checksum: df960f3d5c05d314477c8333f88eb71a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Um estudo de mecanismo de reação, seja ele por espectrometria de massas ou por outras técnicas, deve garantir que as propostas estejam o mais próximo possível do mecanismo da reação estudada. Para isso o estudo deve reproduzir as condições experimentais para esta reação com a mínima interferência, deste modo, o uso de aditivos (sejam eles ácidos ou básicos) para protonar ou desprotonar os intermediários de reação podem perturbar o caminho reacional ou mesmo o equilíbrio da reação em estudo. Além disso, o favorecimento de uma espécie em relação as demais, de acordo com a afinidade por prótons, pode dificultar a detecção de alguns dos intermediários de interesse, prejudicando assim a interpretação do mecanismo. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor novas metodologias para o estudo de mecanismos de reações orgânicas por espectrometria de massas, de forma buscar soluções e contornar problemas inerentes da técnica. No presente trabalho, foi avaliado a utilização de reagentes carregados, (não ácidos e não básicos) não sendo necessário, neste caso, o uso de aditivos, uma vez que todos os intermediários irão carregam uma ¿etiqueta¿ de carga que facilita sua detecção por espectrometria de massas. Estes reagentes marcados foram utilizados no estudo do mecanismo da reação multicomponente de Hantzsch. Além disso, uma nova fonte de ionização ambiente foi desenvolvida com o propósito de facilitar estudos online de mecanismos reacionais, a qual se mostrou útil sendo útil não apenas para monitorar o andamento da reação, mas também para um estudo mais detalhado do mecanismo, permitindo a detecção de intermediários transientes presentes no meio reacional que são de extrema importância para a elucidação do mecanismo da reação. Por fim, a nova fonte foi empregada no estudo online da reação multicomponente de Hantzsch de forma a avaliar cineticamente o mecanismo anteriormente estudado por ESI-MS(/MS) / Abstract: A study of reaction mechanisms, either by mass spectrometry or by another technique, should ensure that proposals are similar the possible mechanism of the reaction studied. For this study should accurately reproduce the experimental conditions for this reaction with minimal interference. Thereby, using additives (acids or basics) to protonated or deprotonated the intermediates in solution can disturb the reaction path or even the equilibrium of the reaction studied. Moreover, the encouragement of a species in relation to others, according to the affinity for protons, may hinder the detection of some of the intermediate of interest, thus hampering interpretation of the mechanism. This dissertation aims to propose new methodologies for studying the mechanisms of organic reactions by mass spectrometry, in order to seek solutions and to get over problems inherent in the technique. Thus, a new ionization source was developed aiming to became possible online mechanisms studies, this new source could be useful not only to monitor the progress of the reaction but also for a more detailed study of the mechanism, allowing the transient intermediates detection on solution, which are important to mechanism elucidation. Moreover, this source was applied in the analysis of commercial samples like drugs, alcoholics drinks and crude oil, in order to show its efficacy either to pure samples and complex matrices. Our work proposes also the use of charged tags in order to perform analysis without additives (acids or basics), since all intermediates are charged, making it easy its detection by mass spectrometry. These charged tags are going to be used in the investigation concerning the multicomponent Hantzch reaction / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

Foundation work can cause damage to adjacent buildings and infrastructure. Drilling is performed in sensitive areas in urban projects and where the ground conditions are difficult. It is important to be aware of the installation effects from drilling. Pneumatic drilling is commonly used in production but hydraulic drilling is advised in sensitive areas. Hydraulic drilling is believed to cause less disturbance in the ground, although there are no available field studies regarding the installation effects induced by water driven drilling.By measuring the pore water pressure and the settlements during the installation of a RD-pile wall the magnitude and extent of the installation effects induced by water powered DTH drilling is investigated in fill material and esker material. The results indicate settlements close to the installed piles in both materials, larger in the esker material. The pore pressure shows both increases and decreases in the esker material, the decreases implies the Venturi effect is present in water driven drilling. The pore water pressure changes are larger at the measurement point furthest away from drilling in the fill material but the settlements are the smallest there. The largest increases of the pore pressure are seen when the hammer flushes water out into the formation and not during drilling. / Grundläggning kan orsaka skador på intilliggande byggnader och infrastruktur. Borrning sker i känsliga områden och i innerstadsprojekt där markförhållandena är svåra. Det är viktigt att vara medveten om omgivningspåverkan borrning av pålar medför. Luftdriven borrning används ofta i produktion men vattendriven borrning rekommenderas i känsliga områden. Vattendriven borrning antas orsaka mindre störningar i marken, även om det inte finns några tillgängliga fältstudier som berör omgivningspåverkan från vattendriven borrning.Genom att mäta porvattentrycket och sättningarna under installationen av en borrad RD-spont undersöks storleken och utbredningen av omgivningspåverkan av vattendriven DTH borrning i fyllnads-material och ås-material. Resultaten indikerar sättningar nära de borrade pålarna i båda materialen, större i ås-materialet. Porstrycket visar både ökningar och minskningar i ås-materialet. Minskningarna antyder att Venturi-effekten är närvarande i vattendriven borrning. Förändringarna i porvattentrycket är större vid mätpunkten längst bort från borrningen i fyllmaterialet, men där är sättningen minst De största ökningarna av porvattentrycket ses när hammaren spolar vatten ut i formationen och inte under borrningen.

This bachelor thesis aims to describe the work performed for the design of the undertray for the Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Formula Student(KTHFS) race car. The goal was to achieve an aerodynamically optimized undertray design that follows the regulations of the competition and the targets set by KTHFS concerning the weight, the size, the materials needed for its manufacture and costs. After some research on previous work, the concept, on which we decided that the undertray would rely on, is Venturi tunnels inspired by the Aston Martin Valkyrie, chosen for its ability to provide a large amount of downforce with a negligible amount of drag using ”ground effect”. Numerous CAD design models were created in Solid Edge and a finalized design was then ported over to Siemens NX to be analyzed using Star-CCM+ and its Design Manager feature. The CFD analyses and optimization was performed in Star-CCM+ with regards to pressure gradient, streamline velocity and downforce. These were done with variable parameters in areas such as expansion height, inlet area and ride height. Contained within this report is a more detailed description of how the CFD analysis was performed as well as suggestions for manufacturing said undertray. Given the time constraints and the societal impacts of COVID-19, manufacturing had to be removed from the scope of the project, however, a step-by-step manufacture guide is provided within. Analysis of uur final design showed 428 N of downforce, a weight of 2.55 kg and a production cost of approximately 2320 SEK. It therefore passes the requirements for weight, cost and ride-height rule regulations set by Formula Student and internal KTHFS targets. / Detta kandidatexamesarbete syftar till att beskriva arbetet som utförts för konstruktionsdesignen av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Formula Student (KTHFS) racerbils underrede. Målet var att uppnå en aerodynamisk optimerad underredes design som följer de regler och krav fastställda av KTHFS gällande vikt, storlek, material som behövs till tillverkningen och kostnader. Efter en litteraturstudie på tidigare arbete, blev Venturi tunnlar, inspirerade av Aston Martin Valkyrie, konceptet som vi beslutade att uderreden skulle bygga på och valda på grund av deras förmåga att förbättra bilens prestanda genom sitt nedkraftsbildande och försumbar mängd drag med hjälp av ”ground effect”. Många CAD-designmodeller skapades i Solid Edge och en slutgiltig design överfördes sedan till Siemens NX för att analyseras med Star CCM+ och dess Design Managerfunktion. CFD-analyserna och optimeringen utfördes i Star CCM+ med avseende på tryckgradient, strömlinjehastighet och nedkrafter. Dessa gjordes med variabla parametrar i områden som utvidgningshöjd, inloppsarea och frigångshöjd. I denna rapport finns en mer detaljerad beskrivning av hur CFD-analysen utfördes samt förslag för tillverkning. Med tanke på tidsbegränsningarna och samhällseffekterna av COVID-19 fick vi ta bort tillverknink från projektets omfattning, men en steg-för-steg tillverkningsguide tillhandahålls i rapporten. Analyser av vår slutgiltiga design visade på 428N downforce, en vikt på 2,55 kg och en produktionskostnad på cirka 2320 SEK. Den överenstämmer därför kraven för vikt, kostnad och frigångshöjd som fastställdes av Formula Student.