Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_fe_me_guara.pdf: 3463520 bytes, checksum: 687003c1392e31477b62d4db52bb211e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Equipamentos aeronáuticos embarcados podem ser submetidos a elevados níveis de vibração durante o vôo. Normas internacionais especificam os níveis de vibração que os componentes de uso civil e militar devem ser capazes de suportar de acordo com o emprego e com o tipo de aeronave ao qual serão integrados. Em alguns equipamentos aeronáuticos considerações de geometria e massa limitam severamente as opções de projeto no sentido de evitar ressonâncias na faixa de freqüência de qualificação do equipamento, o que pode fazer com que componentes eletrônicos internos sofram níveis muito elevados de vibração. O presente trabalho visa à redução das cargas dinâmicas com a introdução de dispositivos do tipo passivo de isolamento de vibração. Para redução e amortecimento de vibrações foram utilizados materiais com baixa rigidez, mas resistência mecânica suficiente para suportar os esforços dinâmicos. Diversas configurações de isoladores fabricadas com vários materiais (poliuretano, silicone, polietileno e uma combinação de polietileno e silicone) foram ensaiadas. A solução adotada foi analisada também por simulações numéricas pelo método dos elementos finitos, obtendo-se respostas em freqüência (acelerações), deslocamentos e tensões. Os deslocamentos e os valores máximos de tensão calculados apresentaram valores inferiores aos máximos admissíveis. Os resultados numéricos e experimentais apresentaram boa correlação entre si. A combinação de polietileno e silicone obteve o melhor desempenho permitindo uma redução de aproximadamente 85% do nível de vibração RMS sobre o equipamento e os componentes eletrônicos. / Aeronautical systems can be submitted to high levels of vibration during flight. International standards specify the vibration levels that this kind of systems must withstand according to its function and the aircraft where it will be integrated. For some of these systems, geometry and mass properties are strictly defined by some design issues and therefore cannot be changed in order to achieve better dynamical properties and avoid resonance peaks or high vibrations level in internal electronic components. The main goal of this work is to reduce the dynamic loads acting on sensible electronic equipment using passive vibration isolators. Materials witch provide low suspension resonance frequencies but enough mechanical strength and a medium loss factor are used to build vibration isolators. Some simple vibration isolators devices made by polymers are evaluated by dynamic tests performed with an airborne equipment. The devices tested are made by polyurethane, silica, polyethylene and a combination of the two formers. The dynamical behavior of the configuration with better performance is also analyzed through numerical simulation by finite element method. The numerical results for the dynamic responses are compared with the experimental results and shown good agreement. The combination of silica and polyethylene have show the better performance supporting appropriately the dynamic loads and reducing the RMS vibration level measured in the electronic components in 85%.

A new approach, based on the transfer matrix method used in the theory of vibrations, is presented to analyze the steady-oscillatory flows, and to determine the resonating characteristics of piping systems. By linearizing the friction loss term, considering the system as distributed and assuming the discharge and pressure head fluctuations as sinusoidal, field matrices for a simple pipeline and for a parallel system are derived. A numerical technique is presented to determine the field matrix for a pipe having variable characteristics along its length. Point matrices for orifices, and for oscillating valves are obtained by linearizing the gate equation. Point matrices for the junction of the main and a branch having various boundary conditions, e.g., dead end, reservoir, orifice, oscillating valve, are also derived. A numerical procedure is outlined for computing the resonant frequencies of piping systems. Expressions are developed to determine the frequency response of systems having periodic forcing functions, such as fluctuating pressure head; fluctuating discharge; and oscillating valve. A number of systems commonly used in waterpower development and water supply schemes are analyzed. The results obtained by the method presented herein are in close agreement with those obtained experimentally by earlier investigators; or determined by using the method of characteristics, impedance theory, or energy concepts. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Electric transmission lines suffer from many hazards, including wind-induced vibrations (WIV), which can lead to fatigue failure of the transmission conductors. Current vibration mitigation methods do not adequately address WIV because they overwhelmingly rely on narrow-band fixed absorbers. A mobile damping robot (MDR) can overcome the limitations of these fixed absorbers by actively transporting them to locations of highest amplitude on the cable; i.e., antinodes. These antinodes are where the absorbers can most efficiently remove energy from the system. While analyses have been performed for vibration absorbers on transmission line conductors, they have not been in the context of a mobile damping robot (MDR). There is a need to investigate the potential impact of the MDR on a transmission line and the resulting implications for the MDR's development. In this thesis, we explore the dynamics of a power line conductor through finite element analysis (FEA) and modal testing. We perform numerical analysis in MATLAB using equations of motion obtained via Hamilton's Principle. We discuss the design and validation of an appropriate test bench and MDR prototype. We also experimentally investigate the ability of the MDR prototype to transport a mass along a conductor to antinode locations. Experimental results indicate that the damping robot is indeed able to navigate to cable locations of highest amplitude corresponding to antinodes. We then conclude and discuss future work. The insights gained from this research lay a foundation to guide further development of the MDR. Through this work, we are better able to define the operating conditions of the MDR, which will facilitate the creation of a more robust, adaptable control framework for expanded capability. / Master of Science / Power transmission lines are important civil structures used to deliver electricity across the nation. However, these lines are subject to an array of hazards that can damage them. One such hazard is vibration due to wind, which can cause fatigue damage, leading to power line failure and outages. A popular form of vibration control is the use of a fixed vibration absorber, which has significant limitations. A mobile damping robot (MDR) can greatly improve upon the efficiency of these absorbers by transporting them to optimal locations along the power line. This thesis explores the utility and feasibility of an MDR to do so. We investigate with the help of engineering software and establish the conditions for experimentation. Our research suggests that the MDR prototype we constructed can autonomously navigate itself along the power line to optimal locations. This research will guide improvements to the MDR so that it can be more effective under real-world conditions.

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Industrial machines during their operation generate vibration due to dynamic forces acting on the machines. This vibration may create noise, abrasion in the machine parts, mechanical fatigue, degrade performance, transfer to other machines via floor or walls and may cause complete shutdown of the machine. To limit the vibration pre-installation, vibration isolation measures are usually employed in workshops and industrial units. However, such vibration isolation may not be sufficient due to varying operating and physical conditions, such as machine ageing, structural changes and new installations etc. Therefore, it is important to assess the quantity of vibration generated and transmitted during true operating conditions. The thesis work is aimed at the estimation of vibrational transmissibility or transfer from industrial machines to floor and to other adjacent installed machines. This study of transmissibility is based on the measurement and analysis of various spectral estimation tools such as Power Spectral Density (PSD), Frequency Response Function (FRF) and Coherence Function. The overall study is divided into three major steps. Firstly, the initial measurements are carried in BTH on simple Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) systems to gain confidence in measurement and analysis. Then the measurements are performed on a Lathe machine “Quick Turn Nexus 300-II” in a laboratory at BTH. Finally, the measurements are taken on the machines of an Industrial workshop (KOSAB). The analysis results revealed that vibration measurements in industry are challenging and not easy as measurement in labs. Measurements are contaminated by noise from other machines, which degrade the coherence function. However, vibration transferred from one machine to the floor or other machines may be studied using FRF and PSD. Appropriate further isolations may be employed based on the spectral analysis.

Linear theory is useful in determining small static and dynamic deflections. However, to characterize large static and dynamic deflections, it is no longer useful or accurate, and more sophisticated analysis methods are necessary. In the case of beam deflections, linear beam theory makes use of an approximate curvature expression. Here, the exact curvature expression is used to derive the governing partial differential equations that describe the in-plane equilibrium and dynamics of a long, thin, inextensible beam, where the self-weight of the beam is included in the analysis. These beam equations are expressed in terms of arclength, and the resulting equilibrium shape is called the elastica. The analysis gives solutions that are accurate for any deflection size, and the method can be used to characterize the behavior of many structural systems. Numerical and analytical methods are used to solve or to approximate solutions to the governing equations. Both a shooting method and a finite difference, time-stepping algorithm are developed and implemented to find numerical solutions and these solutions are compared with some analytical approximation method results. The elastica equations are first used to determine both linear and nonlinear equilibrium configurations for a number of boundary conditions and loading types. In the case of a beam with a significant self-weight, the system can exhibit nonlinear static behavior even in the absence of external loading, and the elastica equations are used to determine the weight corresponding to the onset of instability (or self-weight buckling). The equations are also used to characterize linear and nonlinear vibrations of some structural systems, and experimental tests are conducted to verify the numerical results. The linear vibration analysis is applied to a vibration isolator system, where a postbuckled clamped-clamped beam or otherwise highly-deformed structure is used (in place of a conventional spring) to reduce system motion. The method is also used to characterize nonlinear dynamic behavior, and the resulting frequency-response curves are compared with those in the literature. Finally, the method is used to investigate the dynamics of subsea risers, where the effects of gravity, buoyancy, and the current velocity are considered. / Dissertation

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<p>Torsional vibrations, resulting from the interaction between the engine, transmission, and other components, can lead to reduced driveline performance, increased fatigue, and compromised vehicle reliability. Thus, understanding and effectively managing these vibrations are crucial for ensuring optimal truck operation and safety. This thesis investigates the phenomenon of torsional vibrations in trucks and proposes an algorithm-based approach for detecting natural frequencies and controlling vibrations along the driveline. </p>

In this work, several studies into the dynamic response of structures are made. In all the studies there is an interaction between the theoretical and experimental work that lead to important results. In the first study, previous theoretical results for the single-mode response of a parametrically excited cantilever beam are validated. Of special interest is that the often ignored nonlinear curvature is stronger than the nonlinear inertia for the first mode. Also, the addition of quadratic damping to the model improves the agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. In the second study, multi-mode responses of a slender cantilever beam are observed and characterized. Here, frequency spectra, pseudo-phase planes, Poincare sections, and dimension values are used to distinguish among periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. Also, physical interpretations of the modal interactions are made. In the third study, a theoretical investigation into a previously unreported modal interaction between high-frequency and low-frequency modes that is observed in some experiments is conducted. This modal interaction involves the complete response of the first mode and modulations associated with the third and fourth modes of the beam. A model that captures this type of modal interaction is developed. In the fourth study, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of several composite plates are experimentally determined and compared with a linear finite-element analysis. The objective of the work is to provide accurate experimental natural frequencies of several composite plates that can be used to validate future theoretical developments. / Ph. D.