Le cycliste a toujours souhaité maintenir et/ou améliorer ses performances. Cependant le confort reste un facteur déterminant au vu du temps passé sur le vélo. Ce confort est notamment altéré par les revêtements et les irrégularités du terrain générant des sollicitations le plus souvent néfastes à la santé. Ainsi, la communauté scientifique s'intéresse à la recherche d'un compromis performance-santé. Cet intérêt la mène à exploiter un grand nombre d'outils caractérisés par la mesure d'une grandeur physique. Parmi ces grandeurs, l'accélération apparaît comme une caractéristique riche en information. Elle permet l'analyse de la performance par un suivi de l'athlète et la prévention de la santé par l'évaluation et la limitation des effets délétères. Ces deux aspects, abordés dans ces travaux de thèse, s'appuient sur les concepts généraux de la mécanique des structures. / Cyclists have always wanted to keep and/or improve their performance. However, comfort is still a determinant factor because of the time spend on the bike. This comfort is especially altered by the coverings and the irregularities of the field generating loads that are often harmful to health. Therefore, the scientific community is interested in the research of a compromise between performance and health. This interest leads it to explore a large amount of tools characterized by the measure of a physical quantity. Among these values, the acceleration appears as a quantity rich in information. It allows to analyse the performance through monitoring of the athlete or the prevention of health disorders by the evaluation and limitation of the harmful effects.

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Turbulence d’ondes dans les plaques minces en vibration : étude expérimentale et numérique de l’effet de l’amortissement La théorie de turbulence d'ondes a pour but de décrire le comportement à long terme de systèmes faiblement non linéaires hors équilibre. Pour les plaques minces en vibration, ce formalisme permet de prédire un spectre de Kolmogorov-Zakharov (KZ) avec un flux d'énergie transféré des échelles d'injection à celles de dissipation le long d’une fenêtre de transparence. Les études expérimentales antérieures à cette thèse ont mis en lumière des différences notables entre les spectres mesurés et les specres théoriques. La présence, dans un solide, de l’amortissement à toutes les échelles, est ici étudié afin d’expliquer ce désaccord. En contrôlant expérimentalement l’amortissement, il a été montré que la dissipation déterminait la forme des spectres. Par la caractérisation de l’amortissement, il a été trouvé que ce dernier peut être décrit en fonction de la fréquence par une loi de puissance. La dissipation expérimentale a alors pu être introduite directement dans une simulation numérique des équations de Föppl-von Kàrmàn. Cette démarche conduit à passer de la solution théorique KZ obtenue en l’absence de dissipation à des spectres très proches des spectres expérimentaux. Ces observations ne remettent pas en cause l’emploi de la turbulence d’ondes pour décrire la vibration d’une plaque mince sollicitée par un forçage d’une grande amplitude mais encouragent à étendre les outils théoriques à notre disposition en l’absence d’une fenêtre de transparence. En réalisant cette généralisation de façon phénoménologique, une nouvelle solution stationnaire, différente de KZ et valable pour toute loi d’amortissement, a pu être calculée numériquement. / Wave turbulence theory aims at describing the long time behavior of weakly non-linear, out-of-equilibrium systems. For thin vibrating plates, this framework allows predicting a Kolmogorov-Zakharov Spectrum (KZ) with an energy flux transfered from the injection to the dissipative scales along a transparency window. Previous experimental studies have pointed out some discrepancies between mesured and theoretical spectra. The fact that, in solid, damping acts at all scales, is here studied in order to explain this disagreement. By an experimental control of the dissipation, it is observed that dissipation determines the shape of spectra. Experimental measurement of the dissipation shows that damping can here be described, as a function of the frequency, by a power law. This behavior allows us to introduce directly damping in a numerical simulation of the Föppl-von Kàrmàn equations. It leads to pass from the theoretical solution KZ obtained without dissipation to spectra which are very closed to the experimental ones. These observations do not mean that wave turbulence theory should not be applied to thin plates excited by a strong forcing but encourage to extend our theoretical tools when there is no transparency window. By doing this in a phenomenological way, a new stationary solution, different from KZ and valid for any dissipation law, has been derived.

D’une manière générale l’étude des machines électriques peut être entreprise suivant différents niveaux de complexité. L’approche la plus simple considère une machine idéalisée pour laquelle on s’intéresse aux phénomènes principaux, notamment ceux qui génèrent le couple électromagnétique moyen. Si on s’intéresse aux phénomènes secondaires, parfois difficiles à appréhender, comme les bruits et vibrations, les pertes fer, ou le flux de dispersion des machines électriques, il est nécessaire d’avoir une approche plus complexe. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit notre travail dans lequel on s’intéressera plus particulièrement à la machine asynchrone fonctionnant dans des régimes nonconventionnels. L’originalité de notre étude réside dans l’analyse, par une approche semi analytique, des phénomènes précités dans des cas d’une machine présentant un défaut de court-circuit entre spires statoriques. Les objectifs de ce travail sont multiples, on s’intéressera tout d’abord à l’étude de l’effet du défaut sur les phénomènes générés par la denture de manière à pouvoir apprécier son importance sur les dégradations des performances de la machine. Le deuxième point consiste à étudier les moyens de minimisation des pertes fer et des vibrations par conception, en ajustant certains paramètres géométriques de la machine, évitant ainsi le recours à des actions extérieures comme l’injectiond’harmoniques de courant. Le dernier point consiste à corréler les pertes fer et les vibrations avec le champ magnétique de dispersion. Cette corrélation permet par exemple d’estimer le niveau de dégradation des performances lors d’un fonctionnement non conventionnel de la machine. / In a general way the electrical machines study can be undertaken according to various levels of complexity. The simplest approach considers an idealized machine for which we are interested in the main phenomena, in particular those that generate the average electromagnetic torque. If we are interested in the secondary phenomena, sometimes difficult to analyze, as the vibrations and noise, the iron losses, or the external magnetic field of the electrical machines, it is necessary to have a more complex approach. It is in this context that joins our work in which we shall be interested more particularly in the induction machine working in unconventional conditions. The originality of our study lies in the analysis, by a semi analytical approach, of aforesaid phenomena in cases of a machine presenting an inter turn short circuit. The objectives of this work are multiple, we shall be interested first in the study of the effect of the default on the phenomena generated by the slotting effect so as to be able to appreciate its importance on the machine performances degradation. The second point is to explore the ways to minimize iron losses and vibration by conception, by adjusting some machine geometrical parameters, so avoiding the recourse to outside actions as the current harmonic injection. The last point consists in correlating the iron losses and the vibrations to the external magnetic field. This correlation allows for example to estimate the performance degradation level during a machine unconventional running.

[pt] Este estudo é uma investigação experimental das vibrações flexurais de uma viga em balanço causadas por impactos axiais.Uma série de medidas foi feita usando-se uma viga de aço inoxidável submetida a impactos de diferentes magnitudes,aplicados através de um arranjo massa-pêndulo. A amplitude dos impulsos foi variada mudando-se o peso e o ângulo de lançamento da massa do pêndulo. Para a gama e a característica dos impactos utilizados nesta investigação,concluímos que a amplitude dos impulsos aplicados é o parâmetro relevante da resposta transversal da viga. As máximas tensões de flexão e os máximos deslocamentos laterais relacionam-se linearmente com a amplitude dos impulsos axiais aplicados.Não foi observada nenhuma instabilidade dinâmica,no sentido de deslocamentos laterais excessivos, na gama de impulsos utilizados nessa pesquisa. / [en] This study is an experimental investigation of the dynamic response of a cantilever beam due to axial impact. A series of response measurements were made for a cantilevered stainless steel beam subjected to impulses of different magnitudes.The impulses were produced by a pendulum-impact mass arrangement and their magnitudes were varied by changing the weight and release angle of the pendulum mass. For the range and character of impulses utilized in this investigation,it is concluded that magnitude of the applied impulse is the relevant parameter for the transverse response of the beam.Moreover,both maximum bending stresses in the beam and its maximum lateral displacements were found to be linearly related to the magnitude of the applied axial impulses. No dynamic instabilities,in the sense of excessive lateral displacements of the beam, was observed for the range of impulse magnitudes selected here.

In this work, a pioneering application of the Solution Structure Method (SSM) for structural dynamics problems is presented. Vibration analysis is an important aspect of any design-analysis cycle for which reliable computational methods are required. Unlike many meshfree methods, SSM is capable of {\it exact treatment of all prescribed boundary conditions}. In addition, the method is capable of using basis functions which do not conform to the shape of the geometric model. Together, this defines an unprecedented geometric flexibility of the SSM. This work focused on the development of numerical algorithms for 2D in-plane and 3D natural vibration analysis and 2D in-plane dynamic response. The convergence and numerical properties of the method were evaluated by comparing meshfree results with those obtained using traditional Finite Element Analysis implemented in Solidworks and ANSYS. The numerical experiments presented in this work illustrate that the Solution Structure Method possesses good convergence and in some cases, such as geometries with partially fixed boundaries, this method converges much more rapidly than traditional FEA. Finally, in addition to complex boundary conditions, this method can easily handle complex geometries without losing favorable convergence properties.

<p>Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je analiza dinamičkog ponašanja<br />kotrljajnih ležaja primenom veštačkih neuronskih mreža. Na bazi<br />rezultata eksperimentalnog ispitivanja obučene su veštačke<br />neuronske mreže koje su sposobne da predvide amplitude brzine<br />vibracija ležaja. Vibracije koje ležaj generiše zavise od niza<br />uticajnih parametara koji se mogu podeliti na konstrukcione,<br />tehnološke i eksploatacione. Modeli dobijeni primenom veštačkih<br />neuronskih mreža određuju zavisnosti između uticajnih parametara i<br />amplituda brzine vibracija koje ležaj generiše. Validacija<br />neuronskih modela izvršena je na osnovu eksperimentalnih rezultata.<br />Analiziran je uticaj svakog parametra ležaja na amplitude brzine<br />vibracija u karakterističnim područjima frekvencija. U radu su<br />prikazani i rezultati međusobnog uticaja više parametara. Modelima<br />su dobijene preporučene vrednosti uticajnih parametara ležaja. Pri<br />analizi tehnoloških parametara uvedeni su: parametar ekvivalentne<br />površinske hrapavosti, parametar ekvivalentne valovitosti i<br />parametar ekvivalentnog odstupanja od kružnosti staza kotrljanja.<br />Novouvedeni parametri omogućavaju bolje razumevanje uticaja na<br />dinamičko ponašanje. U radu je pokazano da su neuronski modeli<br />sposobni da na osnovu parametara ležaja predvide klasu kvaliteta<br />ležaja.</p> / <p>The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the analysis of the dynamic<br />behavior of ball bearings using artificial neural networks. Based on the<br />results of the experimental test, artificial neural networks were trained to be<br />able to predict the amplitudes of the bearing vibration velocity. The vibrations<br />generated by the bearing depend on a number of influential parameters that<br />can be divided into construction, technological and exploitation. Models<br />obtained by applying artificial neural networks determined the dependences<br />between the influencing parameters and the amplitudes of the vibration<br />velocity generated by the bearing. Validation of neural models was<br />performed based on experimental results. The influence of each parameter<br />on the vibration velocity amplitudes in the characteristic frequency ranges<br />was analyzed. The paper also presents the results of the mutual influence of<br />several parameters. The models obtained the recommended values of the<br />influential bearing parameters. In the analysis of technological parameters,<br />the following parameters were introduced: the parameter of equivalent<br />surface roughness, the parameter of equivalent waviness and the parameter<br />of equivalent roundness error of raceways. The newly introduced parameters<br />provide a better understanding of the impact on dynamic behavior. The paper<br />shows that neural models are able to predict the bearing quality class based<br />on bearing parameters.</p>

This work is dedicated to principles of energy harvesting or scavenging from free energy around us. Energy harvesting principles are described in the first part. Following chapter is devoted to description of piezoelectricity and piezoelectric materials. Next part researches already reported results on piezoelectric energy harvesters. Following chapter shows simulations on designed structures in ANSYS® Workbench. Next the fabrication of the structures is described. Measurement are made regarding to maximum generated power.

The master thesis deals with computational modeling of a turbocharger vibrations and and assessment of influnce of passive dynamic vibration absorber on vibrations of actuator bracket. The use of dynamic vibration absorber was summarized in the research study. The analysis were performed using finite element method in ANSYS. Several computational models of turbocharger were created with different ways of modeling bolted joints between turbocharger parts. Modal analysis of each model was performed and the results were compared. For the selected model, the response to the kinematic excitation from the internal combustion engine for two load conditions was calculated using harmonic analysis. A simple model of vibration dynamic absorber was applied to the turbocharger model with reduced degrees of freedom and its influnce on vibrations of actuator bracket was investigated. Significant decrease of the maximum acceleration amplitude was achieved in a given frequency range when absorber parameters were optimized.

Master 's thesis deals with design of a drivetrain of six cylinder inline engine with cylinder deactivation for heavy agricultural vehicles. In this thesis were devised various possibilities of crankshaft balancing, the best design solution of counterweight was based on optimization in software Catia. Further, the crankshaft was analysed for force and momentum loading and torsional vibration, based on which, the torsional vibration damper was designed. There were considered several options for cylinder deactivation, which were analysed for finest run of engine and the best thermal distribution. Based on these criteria, the best option was to deactivate 2nd and 5th cylinder. The crankshaft was analysed for the fatigue failure by finite element method. The fatigue failure is the most dangerous case for the crankshaft, the resulting safety factor for this limit state is 3,05.