Visais laikais aritmetika buvo svarbus mokomasis dalykas mokykloje: mokiniai susipažįsta su natūraliaisiais ir trupmeniniais skaičiais, išmoksta aritmetikos veiksmų, sudarančių sudėtingą pakopinę struktūrą. Kiekvienas paprastas veiksmas yra sudėtingesnių veiksmų sudėtinis elementas, todėl svarbu, kad kiekvieną paprastesnį veiksmą mokinys išmoktų atlikti greitai ir be klaidų, „negalvodamas“. Daugumai mokinių aritmetikos veiksmų atlikimo sunkumai yra pagrindinė priežastis, trukdanti mokytis ne tik aritmetikos, bet ir kitų matematikos temų. Todėl svarbu ieškoti būdų, metodų ir priemonių, kaip padėti mokiniams įveikti šiuos kliuvinius. Manoma, kad mokymo(si) turinį perkeliant į elektroninę erdvę, pavyks rasti būdų, leisiančių veiksmingiau organizuoti mokymo(si) procesą. Vis dažniau kalbama apie virtualiąsias mokymo(si) aplinka, kur mokymo(si) turinys pateikiamas nepriklausomais medžiagos gabalėliais – virtualiaisiais mokymo(si) objektais. Šiuo disertaciniu tyrimu siekta nustatyti, kokios yra virtualiųjų mokymo(si) objektų taikymo galimybės ir veiksmingumas, ugdant mokinių gebėjimus atlikti aritmetikos veiksmus IV–V klasėse. / In all times arithmetic has been an important subject at school: pupils familiarize themselves with natural and fractional numbers, learn arithmetic operations, acquire computation abilities. Actions of teaching and learning mathematics make up a complicated tiered structure. Every simple operation is a constituent of more complicated operations; therefore, the pupil has to learn to perform these operations quickly and without mistakes, „without thinking“. For the majority of pupils difficulties in performing arithmetic operations is the main reason hindering not only to learn arithmetic but also other topics of mathematics. Therefore, it is important to search for the ways, methods and means facilitating pupils to cope with these hindrances. It is supposed that as the content of teaching and learning moves to the electronic space, ways enabling to control and manage the teaching and learning process will be successfully found. More often virtual teaching and learning environments are mentioned, where the content of teaching and learning is presented in independent pieces of teaching material – virtual teaching and learning objects This dissertation research was designed to determine what is a virtual teaching and learning objects the application possibilities and efficiency, developing pupils' abilities to perform arithmetic operations in forms 4 and 5.

Visais laikais aritmetika buvo svarbus mokomasis dalykas mokykloje: mokiniai susipažįsta su natūraliaisiais ir trupmeniniais skaičiais, išmoksta aritmetikos veiksmų, sudarančių sudėtingą pakopinę struktūrą. Kiekvienas paprastas veiksmas yra sudėtingesnių veiksmų sudėtinis elementas, todėl svarbu, kad kiekvieną paprastesnį veiksmą mokinys išmoktų atlikti greitai ir be klaidų, „negalvodamas“. Daugumai mokinių aritmetikos veiksmų atlikimo sunkumai yra pagrindinė priežastis, trukdanti mokytis ne tik aritmetikos, bet ir kitų matematikos temų. Todėl svarbu ieškoti būdų, metodų ir priemonių, kaip padėti mokiniams įveikti šiuos kliuvinius. Manoma, kad mokymo(si) turinį perkeliant į elektroninę erdvę, pavyks rasti būdų, leisiančių veiksmingiau organizuoti mokymo(si) procesą. Vis dažniau kalbama apie virtualiąsias mokymo(si) aplinka, kur mokymo(si) turinys pateikiamas nepriklausomais medžiagos gabalėliais – virtualiaisiais mokymo(si) objektais. Šiuo disertaciniu tyrimu siekta nustatyti, kokios yra virtualiųjų mokymo(si) objektų taikymo galimybės ir veiksmingumas, ugdant mokinių gebėjimus atlikti aritmetikos veiksmus IV–V klasėse. / In all times arithmetic has been an important subject at school: pupils familiarize themselves with natural and fractional numbers, learn arithmetic operations, acquire computation abilities. Actions of teaching and learning mathematics make up a complicated tiered structure. Every simple operation is a constituent of more complicated operations; therefore, the pupil has to learn to perform these operations quickly and without mistakes, „without thinking“. For the majority of pupils difficulties in performing arithmetic operations is the main reason hindering not only to learn arithmetic but also other topics of mathematics. Therefore, it is important to search for the ways, methods and means facilitating pupils to cope with these hindrances. It is supposed that as the content of teaching and learning moves to the electronic space, ways enabling to control and manage the teaching and learning process will be successfully found. More often virtual teaching and learning environments are mentioned, where the content of teaching and learning is presented in independent pieces of teaching material – virtual teaching and learning objects This dissertation research was designed to determine what is a virtual teaching and learning objects the application possibilities and efficiency, developing pupils' abilities to perform arithmetic operations in forms 4 and 5.

We investigated the hypermediatic integration of free information and communication technology in study activities, mediated by Free Virtual Teaching and Learning Environment, more specifically Moodle, in a course at the Federal University of Santa Maria. Our goal was to identify the advances and challenges of this integration in teaching and learning mediated by Moodle, in order to bring contributions to the educational process. Thus, we use the concept of educational action research, which involved a retrospective movement (questioning and reflective understanding of practice) and prospective (planning of new actions guided by the results already shown). In this work, we have also taken the methodological guidance of three matrices: Problem-Dialog Matrix (PDM), Thematic-Organizing Matrix (TOM) and Thematic-Analytical Matrix (TAM), which were organized respectively in three stages of spiral-cycles: thematic concern, organization and analysis. Study activities, dialog applied to problem-searching, educational hypermedia and cognitive flexibility were concepts that guided the development of hypermediatic study activities. Then, we conclude that the study activities organized in hypermediatic mode, mediated by Moodle, from a socio-constructivist, problem-dialog and Cognitive Flexibility Theory perspective, present a great scholar potential for the critical appropriation of scientific knowledge in relation to different contexts of reality. / Investigamos a integração hipermidiática das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação livres nas atividades de estudo, mediadas por Ambiente Virtual de Ensino-Aprendizagem Livre, mais especificamente pelo Moodle, em um curso presencial da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Nosso objetivo foi detectar quais avanços e desafios dessa integração no ensino-aprendizagem mediado pelo Moodle, a fim de trazer contribuições para o processo educacional. Para isso, empregamos a concepção de trabalho de pesquisa denominada investigação-ação educacional, o que envolveu um movimento retrospectivo (problematização e compreensão reflexiva da prática) e prospectivo (planejamento de novas ações orientado pelos resultados já evidenciados). Nesse trabalho, também adotamos a orientação metodológica de três matrizes: Matriz Dialógico-Problematizadora (MDP), Matriz Temático-Organizadora (MTO), e Matriz Temático-Analítica (MTA), que foram organizadas respectivamente em três etapas dos ciclos-espiralados: preocupação temática, organização e análise. Os conceitos atividades de estudo, diálogoproblematizador, hipermídia educacional e flexibilidade cognitiva guiaram o desenvolvimento das atividades de estudo hipermidiática. Ao final desse percurso investigativo, concluímos que as atividades de estudo organizadas de modo hipermidiático e dialógico-problematizador, mediadas pelo Moodle, na perspectiva sócio-construtivista e da Teoria da Flexibilidade Cognitiva, apresentam grande potencial escolar para a apropriação crítica do conhecimento científico face aos diversos contextos da realidade.