Stuttgart, Univ, Fachstudie, 2006.

Zugl.: Clausthal, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Stuttgart, 2007.

Universiẗat, Diss., 1999--Saarbrücken. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 1998.

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2009.

Modern general purpose programming languages like Java or C# provide a rich feature set and a higher degree of abstraction than conventional real-time programming languages like C/C++ or Ada. Applications developed with these modern languages are typically deployed via platform independent intermediate code. The intermediate code is typically executed by a virtualizing runtime environment. This allows for a high portability. Prominent examples are the Dalvik Virtual Machine of the Android operating system, the Java Virtual Machine as well as Microsoft .NET’s Common Language Runtime. The virtualizing runtime environment executes the instructions of the intermediate code. This introduces additional challenges to real-time software development. One issue is the transformation of the intermediate code instructions to native code instructions. If this transformation interferes with the execution of the real-time application, this might introduce jitter to its execution times. This can degrade the quality of soft real-time systems like augmented reality applications on mobile devices, but can lead to severe problems in hard real-time applications that have strict timing requirements. This thesis examines the possibility to overcome timing issues with intermediate code execution in virtualizing runtime environments. It addresses real-time suitable generation of native code from intermediate code in particular. In order to preserve the advantages of modern programming languages over conventional ones, the solution has to adhere to the following main requirements: - Intermediate code transformation does not interfere with application execution - Portability is not reduced and code transformation is still transparent to a programmer - Comparable performance Existing approaches are evaluated. A concept for real-time suitable code generation is developed. The concept bases on a pre-allocation of the native code and the elimination of indirect references, while considering and optimizing startup time of an application. This concept is implemented by the extension of an existing virtualizing runtime environment, which does not target real-time systems per se. It is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. A comparison of the new concept to existing approaches reveals high execution time determinism and good performance and while preserving the portability deployment of applications via intermediate code.

Adaptive software becomes more and more important as computing is increasingly context-dependent. Runtime adaptability can be achieved by dynamically selecting and applying context-specific code. Role-oriented programming has been proposed as a paradigm to enable runtime adaptive software by design. Roles change the objects’ behavior at runtime and thus allow adapting the software to a given context. However, this increased variability and expressiveness has a direct impact on performance and memory consumption. We found a high overhead in the steady-state performance of executing compositions of adaptations. This paper presents a new approach to use run-time information to construct a dispatch plan that can be executed efficiently by the JVM. The concept of late binding is extended to dynamic function compositions. We evaluated the implementation with a benchmark for role-oriented programming languages leveraging context-dependent role semantics achieving a mean speedup of 2.79× over the regular implementation.

Moderne Softwaresysteme sind komplexe Gebilde, welche häufig im Verbund mit anderen technischen und betriebswirtschaftlichen Systemen eingesetzt werden. Für die Hersteller solcher Systeme stellt es oft eine große Herausforderung dar, den oft weit reichenden Anforderungen bezüglich der Anpassbarkeit solcher Systeme gerecht zu werden. Zur Erfüllung dieser Anforderungen hat es sich vielfach bewährt, eine virtuelle Maschine in das betreffende System zu integrieren. <br><br> Die Dissertation richtet sich insbesondere an Personen, die vor der Aufgabe der Integration virtueller Maschinen in bestehende Systeme stehen und zielt darauf ab, solche für die Entscheidung über Integrationsfragen wichtigen Zusammenhänge klar darzustellen. <br><br> Typischerweise treten bei der Integration einer virtuellen Maschine in ein System eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Problemstellungen auf. Da diese Problemstellungen oft eng miteinander verzahnt sind, ist eine isolierte Betrachtung meist nicht sinnvoll. Daher werden die Problemstellungen anhand eines zentral gewählten, sehr umfangreichen Beispiels aus der industriellen Praxis eingeführt. Dieses Beispiel hat die Integration der "Java Virtual Machine" in den SAP R/3 Application Server zum Gegenstand. Im Anschluss an dieses Praxisbeispiel wird die Diskussion der Integrationsproblematik unter Bezug auf eine Auswahl weiterer, in der Literatur beschriebener Integrationsbeispiele vertieft. <br><br> Das Hauptproblem bei der Behandlung der Integrationsproblematik bestand darin, dass die vorgefundenen Beschreibungen, der als Beispiel herangezogenen Systeme, nur bedingt als Basis für die Auseinandersetzung mit der Integrationsproblematik geeignet waren. Zur Schaffung einer verwertbaren Diskussionsgrundlage war es daher erforderlich, eine homogene, durchgängige Modellierung dieser Systeme vorzunehmen. Die Modellierung der Systeme erfolgte dabei unter Verwendung der "Fundamental Modeling Concepts (FMC)". Die erstellten Modelle sowie die auf Basis dieser Modelle durchgeführte Gegenüberstellung der unterschiedlichen Ansätze zur LÖsung typischer Integrationsprobleme bilden den Hauptbeitrag der Dissertation. <br><br> Im Zusammenhang mit der Integration virtueller Maschinen in bestehende Systeme besteht häufig der Bedarf, zeitgleich mehrere "Programme" durch die integrierte virtuelle Maschine ausführen zu lassen. Angesichts der Konstruktionsmerkmale vieler heute verbreiteter virtueller Maschinen stellt die Realisierung eines "betriebsmittelschonenden Mehrprogrammbetriebs" eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Darstellung des Spektrums an Maßnahmen zur Realisierung eines "betriebsmittelschonenden Mehrprogrammbetriebs" bildet einen zweiten wesentlichen Beitrag der Dissertation. / Modern software systems are complex entities which are frequently linked to other technical and economic systems. For the manufacturers of such systems it often represents a big challenge to fulfill the demanding requirements concerning the adaptability of such systems. One possible way to meet the demands is to integrate a virtual machine into the system concerned. <br><br> This thesis is primarily intended to be used by persons who intend to integrate a virtual machine into an existing system. The primary goal is to pinpoint those dependencies which are important for decisions about integration questions. <br><br> The integration of a virtual machine into an existing system is typically accompanied by many different problems. Since these problems are often closely interconnected, it often makes no sense to treat them individually. Therefore, the problems are introduced along with an adequately chosen, complex real life example. This example deals with the integration of the "Java Virtual Machine" into the "SAP R/3" application server. Following this practical example, the discussion of integration problems is deepened by presenting an assortment of additional examples taken from the literature. <br><br> The main problem encountered during the treatment of the integration process was caused by inadequate and incomparable descriptions of the samples used. The existing descriptions were therefore unsuitable as a basis of discussion for the integration topic. For a useful discussion, it was necessary to prepare a uniform and sound modeling of these systems. This was done by adopting the "Fundamental Modeling Concepts (FMC)" technique. The created models as well as the comparison of the different approaches that can be used to solve typical integration problems form the main contribution of the thesis. <br><br> The integration of virtual machines into existing systems is frequently accompanied by the requirement to have the integrated virtual machine process several "programs" simultaneously. In view of the design features of many common virtual machines, the realization of a virtual machine integration that allows the integrated virtual machine to be operated in "multiprogram" mode is still challenging. The most challenging task in this context is the problem of keeping the resource usage of the system at a tolerable level. A comparison of measures that can be taken to reduce the resource usage of an integrated virtual machine that can be operated in "multiprogram" mode forms a second essential contribution of the thesis.

Techn. University, Diss., 2005--Darmstadt.