Esta pesquisa investigou a contribuição que o patrimônio cultural edificado exerce na qualidade visual da paisagem urbana a partir da abordagem na área da Percepção Ambiental. Adotou como estudo de caso áreas dos centros históricos de três cidades com diferentes graus de preservação do patrimônio cultural edificado: Piratini, a mais preservada, resultado de legislação urbanística pioneira; São José do Norte, onde o patrimônio cultural edificado foi mais destruído ou descaracterizado e Porto Alegre, onde o patrimônio cultural edificado foi parcialmente preservado. A investigação foi operacionalizada por meio da utilização de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos em duas etapas de investigação. A primeira teve por objetivo reunir subsídios para definir a área de estudo em cada uma das três cidades, e por meio da aplicação da técnica de mapas mentais a usuários dos centros históricos, foram identificadas as imagens fortes positivas e negativas das edificações e espaços urbanos (locais, ruas e praças). A segunda etapa teve como objetivo principal testar as hipóteses desta pesquisa por meio da aplicação de questionários acompanhados de cenas urbanas com diferentes níveis de homogeneidade, escolhidas a partir de critérios estabelecidos a fim de responder os objetivos da investigação. As informações obtidas pelos questionários foram analisadas quantitativamente por meio de freqüências e testes não paramétricos tais como tabulações cruzadas e testes de correlação Spearman. Os resultados obtidos permitiram chegar a conclusões sobre o importante papel que o patrimônio cultural edificado exerce na qualidade visual da paisagem urbana. Esta relevância foi verificada na avaliação da aparência visual das edificações analisadas individualmente pelos seus atributos formais e simbólicos e as suas relações no contexto urbano. Importantes correlações foram encontradas entre a avaliação estética da aparência visual das cenas urbanas e atributos formais de volumetria, fachadas e coberturas. As conclusões desta pesquisa reúnem subsídios relativos às questões da estética urbana, do patrimônio cultural edificado e do planejamento urbano que podem contribuir substancialmente para as políticas públicas nas áreas da preservação do patrimônio cultural, do planejamento urbano e ambiental e na implementação de planos e ações de gestão municipal visando qualificar visualmente a paisagem urbana. / The study investigates the aesthetic contributions of historical buildings on the visual quality of the urban historical centers based on the Environmental Perception approach. The research focused on urban scenes of three cities which present different degrees of historical heritage preservation: Piratini, which is the most preserved among them due to existent legislation; São José do Norte, where most of it historical heritage was destroyed or damaged; and Porto Alegre, where historical heritage was partially preserved. The investigation was operationalised through the application of qualitative and quantitative methods, in two stages. On the first stage, the definition of the study area in each city was carried out through the application of mental maps to users of the historical centers, which allowed the identification of strongest positive and negative images. On the second stage, questionnaires were applied in order to verify the research hypotheses. The data gathered through questionnaires was analyzed by means of non parametric statistics, such as qui square test and Spearman correlation tests. Results allowed to conclude about the important role historical buildings play on the visual quality of the urban scene, verified through the evaluation of visual appearance of the buildings individually analyzed according to their formal and symbolic attributes and their relation with the urban context. Important correlations were found between the aesthetic evaluation of the visual appearance of the urban scenes and the formal attributes volume try, facades and roofs. Conclusions provide substantial support to contribute to urban heritage preservation, environmental and urban planning and implementation of plans and actions for the municipal government in order to achieve visual quality in urban areas located in historical centers.

L’impression 2.5D est une technologie à mi-chemin entre l’impression couleur traditionnelle, à laquelle elle emprunte son procédé et la qualité de reproduction des couleurs, et l’impression 3D qui crée des reliefs et des formes. Par ses qualités visuelles, elle pourrait permettre la reproduction réaliste de multiples surfaces, mais un frein s’oppose à cette perspective : les encres brillent. En modulant la rugosité des surfaces imprimées à l'échelle du micromètre, en fréquence et en amplitude, nous avons réussi à réduire et contrôler le brillant des encres. Des stratégies d'impression différentes ont été proposées et étudiées pour diminuer l’effet scintillant et permettre l’impression d’une couche couleur mate : la création d'un espace à cinq dimensions dans lequel le brillant et la couleur sont modélisés aboutit à l'uniformisation des niveaux de brillant colorés. Les protocoles d'impression développés ont ensuite été appliqués à des cas concrets issus de la conservation – restauration du patrimoine. Plusieurs exemples distincts sont présentés, qui abordent un point particulier sur lequel l’impression 2.5D est pertinente: comblement de lacune, création de répliques réalistes, intérêt de l'aspect visuel mat pour la lisibilité des œuvres. / 2.5D printing is between traditional color printing, for the process and its visual quality, and 3D printing, which makes forms and reliefs by ink superposition. Because of its properties, 2.5D printing could allow the realistic reproduction of objects and surfaces, but inks are too glossy. To reduce and control this glossy aspect of inks, we modulate the roughness of the printed layers, at the micro-scale, both in frequency and amplitude. Influence of parameters was measured, and different strategies were suggested to reduce sparkle and to allow the creation of matte colored layers: by constituting a 5D space where gloss and color are modeled, we can make gloss level of colored surfaces uniform.Several case studies form the Conservation of Cultural Heritage were considered, where 2.5D printing could help the curator, the conservator or the archivist. We studied in particular the issues of the the gap filling on an archaeological object, the realistic reproduction of surfaces, and the creation of matte objects for readability.

The growing demand in the industry towards sustainability and the globalization of manufacturing lead to an industrial climate of constant development and improvements, and automotive interior design is not excluded. In 2017 the European Union declared that the material used to generate the bright chrome surfaces of car interiors (CR VI) is toxic and carcinogenic. This implies that Volvo will ban the use of Chrome VI for decorative parts from September 2024.  Finding a more eco-friendly alternative to replace CR VI not only functionally but also in terms of perceived quality and user experience will be an urgent and decisive action.  In this project, the parameters of gloss, haze, color temperature, and metallic depth are investigated in order to figure out which elements ensure the perceived quality of chrome surfaces.  For this purpose, a user study based on different sensory tests and soft metrology was carried out with 48 people, as well as seven samples, five of them more eco-friendly alternatives. This project aims to introduce a set of tools to assess and guarantee the perception of quality by supporting the development of "chrome-look" surfaces in the automotive interior with new sustainable materials. Through this study, correlating soft and hard metrology, it is observed what makes a surface perceived as "high-quality" and which of the more eco-friendly alternatives could be the most optimal to replace Chrome VI in Volvo's car interiors.