Resumo: O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma oleaginosa da família Euphorbiaceae, que se destaca pelo seu grande potencial sócio econômico e como uma excelente alternativa para a produção de biodiesel. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal a padronização e otimização de protocolos de cultivo in vitro para embriões e sementes com adição dos suplementos complexo vitamínico e ácido giberélico em meio MS, visando a obtenção de plântulas assépticas para a extração de explantes que serão utilizados em outros processos de cultura de tecidos e transformação genética para a produção futura de mudas comerciais padronizadas. No primeiro experimento com embriões, em meio MS com sacarose e ágar foram acrescidas várias dosagens de um complexo vitamínico (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 ml.L-1) e após duas semanas do estabelecimento, dez variáveis foram analisadas. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as variáveis significativas tiveram suas médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (5%) e algumas pela regressão polinomial. Os resultados indicaram que a adição de vitaminas ao meio de cultura não é essencial para a germinação e crescimento inicial. No entanto, para a formação de raízes, a presença do complexo vitamínico forneceu incrementos nos resultados. A presença de folhas também respondeu positivamente com o aumento da dosagem de vitaminas. No segundo experimento com as sementes, várias dosagens de ácido giberélico GA3 (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 mg.L-1) foram acrescentadas em meio MS com sacarose e ágar e após duas semanas dez variáveis foram analisadas. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The phisic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil family Euphorbiaceae, which is distinguished by its great potential economic partner and as an excellent alternative to produce biodiesel. The present work had as main objective the standardization and optimization of protocols for in vitro embryos and seeds with the addition of multivitamin supplements and gibberellic acid on MS medium, in order to obtain seedlings for the extraction of aseptic explants to be used in other processes of tissue culture and genetic transformation for the future production of standard commercial seedlings. In the first experiment with embryos in MS medium with sucrose and agar were added various doses of a vitamin complex (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ml.l-1) and after two weeks of the establishment, ten variables were analyzed. We used a completely randomized design with four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the significant variables had their means compared by Tukey test (5%) and some by polynomial regression. The results indicated that the addition of vitamins to the culture medium is not essential for germination and early growth. However, for root formation, the presence of vitamin complex increments provided in the results. The presence of leaves also responded positively by increasing the dosage of vitamins. In the second experiment with the seeds, various doses of gibberellic acid GA3 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1) were added in MS medium with sucrose and agar, and after two weeks ten variables were analyzed. We used a completely randomized design with four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the significant variables had their means compared by Tukey test (5%) and some by polynomial regression, as in the first experiment. The results indicated that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Antônio Orlando Di Mauro / Coorientador: Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli / Banca: Bianca Waléria Bertoni / Banca: Jesus Aparecido Ferro / Mestre

Orientador: Rogério Lopes Vieites / Banca: Erica Regina Daiuto Bastos / Banca: Flavia Queiroga A. de Almeida / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver protocolos de fabricação de geléias de acerola, visando seu aproveitamento tecnológico e agregação de valor à fruta respondendo aos interesses da Associação Agrícola de Junqueirópolis. As matérias-primas foram frutas de acerola de variedade Olivier, de onde foi extraídos o suco e a polpa, o açúcar e a pectina. Os equipamentos utilizados para a extração de suco e polpa foram a prensa e a despolpadeira. As proporções na fabricação da geléia foram 50/50% de suco/açúcar, 50/50% polpa/açúcar, 60/40% suco/açúcar e 60/40% polpa/açúcar, ambas com 1% de pectina e processadas em tacho de cobre, alumínio e inox. A polpa, o suco e as geléias foram analisados físico-quimicamente e calculados o rendimento de cada. As geléias foram avaliadas quanto a cor, avaliação energética, análise sensorial e acompanhada durante um período de 180 dias na vida de prateleira. O rendimento de extração da polpa foi superior ao suco e as geléias elaboradas em tacho de alumínio apresentaram maior rendimento em relação aos outros tipos de tachos. As geléias apresentaram valor de pH superior ao recomendado, no entanto, não ocorreu prejuízo na formação do gel. Os tratamentos com tacho de cobre, para suco e polpa, apresentaram valor de pH próximo ao exigido pela legislação. Teores maiores de ácido ascórbico foram encontrados para a geléia elaborada com polpa em tacho de alumínio. O teor de vitamina C reduziu-se à metade em relação ao valor encontrado para suco e na polpa de acerola, que foi de 1054 mg 100ml-1. Em relação a luminosidade, as formulações utilizando suco apresentaram-se mais claros devido ao fato do suco extraído ser mais límpido em relação a polpa. A intensidade da cor amarela foi mais expressiva em relação às formulações das geléias feitas com suco, pois a polpa tem uma predominância de cor mais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop protocols for making jellies acerola for their use of technology and add value to fruit responding to the interests of the Association of Agricultural Junqueirópolis. The raw materials were of acerola fruit variety Olivier, where it was extracted juice and pulp, sugar and pectin. The equipment used for the extraction of juice and pulp were the press and the spinner. The proportions in the manufacture of jelly were 50/50% juice / sugar, 50/50% pulp / sugar, juice 60/40% / 60/40% sugar and pulp / sugar, both with 1% pectin and processed in a pots copper, aluminum and stainless steel. The pulp, juice and jams were physical-chemical analysis and calculated the performance of each. The jams were evaluated for color, energy assessment, sensory evaluation and monitored for a period of 180 days in shelf life. The extraction yield of pulp was higher than the juice and jellies prepared pot aluminum had a higher yield compared to other types of pots. The jams had pH higher than recommended, however, there was no prejudice in the gel. Treatments with copper pot for juice and pulp, showed pH value close to that required by law. Higher levels of ascorbic acid were found to jelly made with squash in aluminum pot. The content of vitamin C was reduced by half compared to that found for juice and the pulp, which was 1054 mg 100 ml-1. For light, the formulations using juice were more clear due to the fact that the extracted juice be more clear in relation to pulp. The intensity of the color yellow is stronger in relation to the formulation of jam made with juice, because the pulp has a predominant color more yellowish. In all sensory aspects evaluated, the results were desirable and had good acceptability. The jelly made with squash in aluminum pot having achieved the highest acceptance. While monitoring the shelf life was observed that the jelly acerola... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador : Aguemi Kohayagawa / Banca: Alexandre Secorun Borges / Banca: Maria Adriana Machado Loba e Silva / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative erythrocyte metabolism in equines submitted to exercise on high-speed treadmill and the effect of vitamin E supplementation. Eight adults Arabian horses, males and females, were divided: control group (CG) and group supplemented with vitamin E (EG), (1000 UI/animal/day). All the equines were submitted to exercise with two incremental tests (T1 and T2). Exercise protocol for two tests started with 1.8m/s for 5 min, 4m/s for 3 min, 6m/s for 2 min and right after, periods of 1 min, challenging the equines with increasing speeds until the animals had no condition to keep the exercise on a treadmill inclined at 7%. Between the tests, a training protocol was performed for 20 days. Blood samples were taken before, during, and until 120 hours after exercise to determine erytrogram, erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), methemoglobin, erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), total plasmatic protein (TPP), seric malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E, seric enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK), blood lactate and bloodgas. The results were compared by non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests. Although differences were detected in only a few variables, it was possible to see increase in erytrogram and TPP by spleenic contraction and/or decrease of the plasma volume, and increase the erythrocyte volume by swelling. Sport anemia was observed between 24h and 120h after the exercise. The methemoglobin was compatible with the physiological levels and the EOF increased during the exercise in both groups. The MDA elevation confirm the liperoxidation by exercise effect, less intense EG by the supplementation with vitamin E. The exercise also induced increase of AST and CK enzymes, increase of blood lactate and metabolic acidosis. / Mestre

Resumo: A produção orgânica é um sistema que permite alcançar bons níveis de produtividade, evitando ao mesmo tempo os riscos de contaminação química do agricultor, dos consumidores e do meio ambiente. Pelo fato da planta de jambu ser bastante utilizada como medicamento alternativo e por indústrias de cosméticos, vem aumentando o interesse devido às suas características físico-químicas. No entanto, as pesquisas sobre essa cultura ainda são muito incipientes. Existem poucos trabalhos e uma insuficiente diversidade de análises físico-químicas que possam caracterizar e diferenciar os tipos de cultivo em relação ao jambu. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o óleo essencial e os compostos antioxidantes em diferentes partes de jambu (folha e inflorescência) cultivado sob adubação orgânica e mineral, além de caracterizar os minerais no solo e nas plantas, nos diferentes tipos de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (São Manuel-SP), pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, campus de Botucatu) e na mesma época. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2 x 6), duas fontes de adubação (orgânica e mineral) e seis doses de esterco de curral e uréia, com quatro repetições para todas as análises efetuadas, exceto para as características de potencial antioxidante e espilantol, que foram utilizadas três repetições. Os experimentos realizados apresentaram como tratamentos seis doses de adubação mineral (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 g m-2 de uréia), aplicadas parceladas em duas vezes e seis doses de adubação orgânica (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 kg m-de esterco de curral), aplicadas no plantio. As características avaliadas foram teores de nutrientes na parte aérea, altura de plantas, massa fresca e seca, composição química do óleo essencial, teor de acido ascórbico; potencial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The organic production it is a system that will achieve good levels of productivity, while avoiding the risk of chemical contamination of farmers, consumers and the environment. Because the plant jambu be widely used as alternative medicine and cosmetic industries, has been increasing interest due to their physical and chemical characteristics. However, the researches on this crop are still very incipient. There is little work and an insufficient variety of physical and chemical analysis that can characterize and differentiate the types of cultivation on the jambu.The purpose of this study was to analyze the essential oil and the antioxidant compounds in different parts of jambu (leaf and inflorescence) grown under organic and mineral fertilizer, and characterize the minerals in soil and plants in different types of cultivation. The experiment was conducted led in (Experimental Farm São Manuel (São Manuel-SP), belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP, campus of Botucatu) and at the same time. The statistical design was factorial (2 x 6), two sources of fertilizer (organic and mineral) and six doses of the kraal manure and urea, with four replications for all analysis performed, except for the characteristics of potential antioxidant and spilantol, which were used three repetitions. The experiments presented treatments as six doses of conventional fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 g m-2, urea), applied in two split doses of fertilizer and six non-conventional (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg m-2 of the kraal manure), applied at planting. The characteristics were nutrient content in shoot, plant height, fresh and dry weight, chemical composition of essential oil, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant potential, and presence of pesticides. The results show that the compounds were present in this study were trans-caryophyllene, germacrene D, L-dodecene and espatulenol and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Coorientador: Rumy Goto / Banca: Márcia Ortiz Mayo Marques / Banca: Atila Francisco Mogor / Mestre