Diante da necessidade de produzir uma vedação com maior vida útil frente as condições de descompressão explosiva de CO2 incorporou-se quantidades diferentes de MWCNT (multiwalled carbono nanotubes) curtos e longos (0,25 phr e 1 phr) e com graus de funcionalidade de grupos oxigenados variando entre 0% e 7,5% em elastômeros fluorados. A incorporação foi realizada utilizando-se o processo de mistura em cilindro aberto (Copê) e as mantas de borracha obtidas foram termoprensadas e submetidas a doses de irradiação de 5, 10 e 20 kGy em ar atmosférico. Analisaram-se os nanocompósitos e os MWCNT por análises térmicas, difrações de raios-X e micrografias. A partir dos nanocompósitos também foram confeccionados corpos de prova para ensaios mecânicos, análises dinâmico-mecânicas, ensaios de dessorção. Os resultados indicaram em geral aumento dos módulos a 100% e secante a 15% nas amostras com adição de 1 phr, mas pouca mudança da temperatura de transição vítrea foi observada, indicando pouca alteração da mobilidade das cadeias. As micrografias apontaram algumas extremidades de MWCNT soltas da matriz polimérica após o processo de preparação da amostra. Os resultados apontaram melhora na dessorção dos nanocompósitos após a incorporação dos MWCNT. / Faced with the need to produce a gasket with longer useful life against the explosive decompression conditions of CO2, it was incorporated different amounts of short and long MWCNT (0.25 phr and 1 phr) and degrees of oxygenated groups functionality ranging between 0% and 7.5% in fluorinated elastomers. The incorporation was performed using the open mill with two rolls (COPE) and rubber blankets were obtained thermopressed and subjected to radiation doses of 5, 10 and 20 kGy in air atmosphere. Nanocomposites and MWCNT were analyzed by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and SEM micrographs. From the nanocomposites were also prepared specimens for mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, desorption tests. The results indicated, in generally, an increase of modules to 100% and secant to 15% in the samples with the addition of 1 phr, however little change in the glass transition temperature was observed, indicating little variation of mobility of the chains. The micrographs showed some free ends of MWCNT the polymer matrix after sample preparation process. The results pointed improvement on dessorpotion of nanocomposites after the incorporation of MWCNT.

Diante da necessidade de produzir uma vedação com maior vida útil frente as condições de descompressão explosiva de CO2 incorporou-se quantidades diferentes de MWCNT (multiwalled carbono nanotubes) curtos e longos (0,25 phr e 1 phr) e com graus de funcionalidade de grupos oxigenados variando entre 0% e 7,5% em elastômeros fluorados. A incorporação foi realizada utilizando-se o processo de mistura em cilindro aberto (Copê) e as mantas de borracha obtidas foram termoprensadas e submetidas a doses de irradiação de 5, 10 e 20 kGy em ar atmosférico. Analisaram-se os nanocompósitos e os MWCNT por análises térmicas, difrações de raios-X e micrografias. A partir dos nanocompósitos também foram confeccionados corpos de prova para ensaios mecânicos, análises dinâmico-mecânicas, ensaios de dessorção. Os resultados indicaram em geral aumento dos módulos a 100% e secante a 15% nas amostras com adição de 1 phr, mas pouca mudança da temperatura de transição vítrea foi observada, indicando pouca alteração da mobilidade das cadeias. As micrografias apontaram algumas extremidades de MWCNT soltas da matriz polimérica após o processo de preparação da amostra. Os resultados apontaram melhora na dessorção dos nanocompósitos após a incorporação dos MWCNT. / Faced with the need to produce a gasket with longer useful life against the explosive decompression conditions of CO2, it was incorporated different amounts of short and long MWCNT (0.25 phr and 1 phr) and degrees of oxygenated groups functionality ranging between 0% and 7.5% in fluorinated elastomers. The incorporation was performed using the open mill with two rolls (COPE) and rubber blankets were obtained thermopressed and subjected to radiation doses of 5, 10 and 20 kGy in air atmosphere. Nanocomposites and MWCNT were analyzed by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and SEM micrographs. From the nanocomposites were also prepared specimens for mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, desorption tests. The results indicated, in generally, an increase of modules to 100% and secant to 15% in the samples with the addition of 1 phr, however little change in the glass transition temperature was observed, indicating little variation of mobility of the chains. The micrographs showed some free ends of MWCNT the polymer matrix after sample preparation process. The results pointed improvement on dessorpotion of nanocomposites after the incorporation of MWCNT.

In this thesis, conventional and unconventional technologies have been studied and combined in order to make heterogeneous microfluidics with potential advantages, especially in biological applications. Many conventional materials, like silicon, glass, thermoplastic polymers, polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been combined in building heterogeneous microfluidic devices or demonstrators. Aside from these materials, unconventional materials for microfluidics such as stainless steel and the fluoroelastomer Viton have been explored. The advantages of the heterogeneous technologies presented were demonstrated in several examples: (1) For instance, in cell biology, surface properties play an important role. Different functions were achieved by combining microengineering and surface modification. Two examples were made by depositing a Teflon-like film: a) a non-textured surface was made hydrophobic to allow higher pressures for cell migration studies and b) a surface textured by ion track technology was even made super-hydrophobic. (2) In microfluidics, microactuators used for fluid handling are important, e.g. in valves and pumps. Here, microactuators that can handle high-pressures were presented, which may allow miniaturization of high performance bioanalyses that until now have been restricted to larger instruments. (3) In some applications the elastomer PDMS cannot be used due to its high permeability and poor solvent resistivity. Viton can be a good replacement when elasticity is needed, like in the demonstrated paraffin actuated membrane.(4) Sensing of bio-molecules in aquatic solutions has potential in diagnostics on-site. A proof-of-principle demonstration of a potentially highly sensitive biosensor was made by integrating a robust solidly mounted resonator in a PDMS based microfluidic system. It is concluded that heterogeneous technologies are important for microfluidic systems like micro total analysis systems (µTAS) and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T18:55:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VANESSA SENA CORREIA LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2636512 bytes, checksum: 9ac482edb8899e0ace77f9887e1dd23e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T18:55:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANESSA SENA CORREIA LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2636512 bytes, checksum: 9ac482edb8899e0ace77f9887e1dd23e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-15 / Biomaterial é um termo usado para indicar os materiais que constituem as peças de implantes médicos, dispositivos extracorporais, e descartáveis que têm sido utilizados em medicina bem como em todos os aspectos de saúde do paciente. As aplicações dos biomateriais são muitas e variadas, incluindo desde dispositivos de uso prolongado, como veias e válvulas artificiais, a dispositivos de exames, como endoscópios. Endoscopia, que significa olhar por dentro, trata-se de uma especialidade médica que se utiliza de um equipamento chamado de endoscópio para diagnóstico e tratamento de enfermidades. Através da endoscopia podem-se diagnosticar enfermidades, efetuar biópsias de lesões, extrair corpos estranhos, realizar dilatações, fazer acompanhamentos após cirurgias, passar sondas ou cateteres, tratar sangramentos, retirar pólipos e acessar a via biliar para realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos. Os endoscópios flexíveis possuem em sua ponta flexível uma borracha conhecida como Fluoroelastômero Viton®. Os fluorelastômeros são elastômeros sintéticos fluorados, conhecidos como Borracha Fluorada para serviços em temperaturas elevadas e ambientes quimicamente agressivos. Baseado no exposto este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o fluorelastômero Viton® utilizado no revestimento de ponteiras dos equipamentos endoscópicos. Foram verificadas três grupos de amostras de ponteiras de endoscópios constituídas de Viton® denominadas G, M e P, em sua forma virgem e tratadas com álcool etílico e HCl, ambos concentrados, onde estas amostras foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Óptica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia na Região de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva de raios X (EDS), Difração de raios X (DRX), Ensaio de Ângulo de Molhabilidade e Ensaio de Citotoxicidade. Verificou-se para todas as amostras (G, M e P) uma superfície com morfologia granulada e irregular, com presença de elementos contaminantes e imperfeições, com bandas características de fluorelastômeros, difratogramas amorfos típicos de elastômeros, caráter hidrofílico e toxicidade em meio celular exceto para a amostra M. Observou-se que o tratamento com álcool etílico não provocou alteração estrutural no fluorelastômero agindo apenas como eliminador de impurezas superficiais. O tratamento com HCl provocou alterações na morfologia e estrutura química do elastômero. Verificou-se a necessidade de adaptação da rota de produção deste fluorelastômero para utilização como biomaterial. Foi proposta a utilização de revestimentos a base siloxanos que possam aumentar a vida útil do fluorelastômero Viton®. / Biomaterial is a term used to indicate the materials constituting the parts of medical implants, extracorporeal devices, disposable and which have been used in medicine as well as in all aspects of patients' health. The applications of biomaterials are many and varied, ranging from extended use devices such as artificial valves and veins, the devices exams such as endoscopes. Endoscopy, which means looking inside, it is a medical specialty that uses a device called endoscope for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. By endoscopy can be diagnosed illnesses, perform biopsies of lesions, extracting foreign bodies, perform dilations, do follow ups after surgery, spend probes or catheters, to treat bleeding, remove polyps and access to the surgical procedures biliary. Flexible endoscopes have in your flexible rubber tip one known as Viton® fluoroelastomer. The fluoroelastomers are synthetic fluorinated elastomers, known as Rubber Fluorinated services to high temperatures and chemically aggressive environments. Based on the above this work was to study the Viton® fluoroelastomer coating used on tips of endoscopic equipment. Three groups of samples from the tips of endoscopes consist of Viton® called L, M and P, in its virgin form and treated with HCl and ethyl alcohol, both concentrated where these samples were characterized by Optical Microscopy (OM), Electron Microscopy Were Verified (SEM), Spectroscopy in the Region of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS), diffraction (XRD), test of Angle Wettability and Cytotoxicity Assay rays. It was found for all samples (L, M, P) and a surface irregular with granular morphology, presence of contaminants and imperfections, characteristic bands of fluoroelastomers, typical XRD of amorphous elastomers, hydrophilic, and toxicity in cell except for M. In the sample was observed that treatment with ethanol did not cause structural changes in the fluoroelastomer as scavenger only surface impurities. Treatment with HCl caused changes in the morphology and chemical structure of the elastomer. There was a need to adapt the production of fluoroelastomer route for use as a biomaterial. The use of coatings siloxanes base that can increase the life of Viton® fluoroelastomer was proposed.

No description available.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) uses quantum tunneling effect to study the surfaces of materials on an atomic scale. Since the probe of the microscope is on the order of nanometers away from the surface, the device is prone to noises due to vibrations from the surroundings. To minimize the random noises and floor vibrations, passive vibration isolation is a commonly used technique due to its low cost and simpler design compared to active vibration isolation, especially when the entire vibration isolation system (VIS) stays inside an Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) environment. This research aims to analyze and build a single-stage passive VIS for an STM. The VIS consists of a mass-spring system staying inside an aluminum hollow tube. The mass-spring system is comprised of a circular copper stage suspended by a combination of six extension springs, and the STM stays on top of the copper stage. Magnetic damping with neodymium magnets, which induces eddy currents in the copper conductor, is the primary damping method to reduce the vibrations transferred to the mass-spring system. FEMM and MATLAB® are used to model magnetic flux density and damping coefficients from eddy current effect, which will help determine the necessary damping ratios for the VIS. Viton, which demonstrates a high compatibility with vacuum environments, will also serve as a great damping material between joints and contacts for the housing tube. Viton will be modeled as a Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material whose material parameters are previous studied, and Abaqus will be used as a Finite Element Analysis software to study the Viton gaskets’ natural frequencies. The natural frequencies of the aluminum hollow tube will also be investigated through Abaqus.