No description available.

This dissertation examines six major points: 1) it argues that Jefferson is an architect of the United States Capitol, having direct and final say over its design; 2) it asserts that Jefferson set two nationally influential models of architectural taste as part of his movement to reform American architecture, first in Richmond as the Virginia State Capitol and second in Washington as the United States Capitol; 3) it explores those models to define what Jefferson called “cubic” and “spherical” architecture; 4) it suggests that Jefferson used his political appointments to maximize his influence over the design of the United States Capitol in order to ground the building in classical sources; 5) it surveys the sources Jefferson looked to for inspiration, both printed texts and images as well as extant buildings in Europe and America; and 6) it proposes that Jefferson and B. Henry Latrobe worked hand in hand to execute a design for the United States Capitol that subdued and at times even replaced the official plan adopted from William Thornton’s winning design. This dissertation starts with the idea that Jefferson’s architectural reform consisted of conjoining vernacular building custom with architecture of the classical tradition. Most of what Jefferson knew about classical architecture came from books. Chief among them are Claude Perrault’s 1684 French translation of Vitruvius’ Ten Books on Architecture and the three London editions of Giacomo Leoni’s versions of Andrea Palladio’s Four Books of Architecture in English translation. Using these print sources, Jefferson reinterpreted many of the standard public buildings of Virginia into temple forms. In addition, Jefferson’s plan to reform public architecture rested on two overriding principles: erecting buildings with masonry and organizing those buildings using the classical orders. Furthermore, this dissertation proves that, like the ancients, Jefferson wanted to build on a monumental scale. Jefferson’s own plan for a national capitol shaped like the Roman Pantheon, long misunderstood, clearly reinforces this interpretation. Finally, this dissertation demonstrates that Jefferson and B. Henry Latrobe worked in concert to execute a design for the United States Capitol that subdued the official plan adopted from William Thornton’s winning design.

Segundo Vitrúvio, a arquitetura deve se orientar pelos princípios de firmeza, utilidade e venustidade. Procurou-se perquirir de que modo a ratio uenustatis se insere no De Architectura e o papel desempenhado. Em torno da noção de uenustas reúnem-se termos - tais como: species, aspectus, aspiciens, figura, uisus, oculus - concernentes às preocupações visuais dirigidas às obras, indicadas já nas definições fundamentais da arquitetura - ordinatio, dispositio, eurythmia, symmetria, decor e distributio. Lê-se no Livro III que o aspectus da obra lhe confere autoridade (auctoritas), e o templo eustilo pseudodíptero se afigura como exemplo maior na preceptiva. Mas é preciso contar antes com a auctoritas do arquiteto, para isso instruído nas letras (litterae), dentre variadas artes e erudições, e apto simultaneamente ao fazer e ao raciocinar (fabrica et ratiocinatio). As autoridades egrégias (egregias auctoritates) prometidas no primeiro exórdio à majestade do poder conduzido pelo Imperator, por ocasião dos esforços empreendidos na construção pública, dizem respeito às oportunidades e vantagens (opportunitas) advindas de uma adequada ordenação dos recintos urbanos (moenia) - desde a escolha do sítio até a determinação das obras de uso comum -, demonstrando-se intrinsecamente conexas à diligência no campo das venustidades, que permeia os demais âmbitos da arte edificatória. / According to Vitruvius, architecture must be oriented by the principles of firmitas, utilitas and uenustas. We tried to question how the ratio uenustatis is inserted in the De Architectura and its role. There are some terms which are gathered around the concept of uenustas - such as: species, aspectus, aspiciens, figura, uisus, oculus - concerning the visual matters directed to the building works, already indicated by the architecture\'s fundamental definitions - ordinatio, dispositio, eurythmia, symmetria, decor and distributio. As it is witten in Book III, the aspectus bestows aucthority (auctoritas) on the building and the eustylos pseudodipteros temple appears as a major exemplum in the set of preceptions. But before it is necessary to the authorized work to count upon the architect\'s authority, to that instructed in the litterae, among varied arts and eruditions, and apt at the same time to fabrica and ratiocinatio. The prominent authority (egregias auctoritates) promised to the majesty of the power lead by the Imperator in the first exordium, on the occasion of the efforts undertaken in the public building, are concerned with the opportuniies and advantages (opportunitas) issued from an adequate arrangement of the limited urban area (moenia) - from the selection of the site to the common use buildings settlement - showing themselves intrinsically connected with the heed of the ratio uenustatis that permeates the other fields of the ars aedificatoria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Rogerio Calil.pdf: 13811835 bytes, checksum: f10ba0e283f90637d26598bbd8d624d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Born in the surrounding areas of Rome between 85 and 80 BC, Vitruvius has written The Ten Books on Architecture. The period, possibly, dates between the end of the Republic and the beginning of Augustus principality. Between 29 and 27 BC, after had written the main text of his work, Vitruvius saw the need of preface and dedicate his treaty to Augustus Caesar. Inserted on this accented political movement, Vitruvius publishes, in 27 BC, his work. For Vitruvius, the science of the architect is compounded by several disciplines and different types of knowledge, being necessary have acquaintance in literary art, science of drawing, geometry, arithmetic, historical facts, philosophy, music, medicine and astronomy, since all this disciplines have, among them, connection and communication. In fact, Vitruvius proofs on its work that managed all these knowledge areas. From The Ten Books on Architecture, the book 9 is dedicated to Astronomy, objectifying the comprehension of sundials systems. The complex construction of its analemma, a pre-construction of the sundials, brings several Astronomy concepts practiced on that time. And based on these concepts we determined the year of 47 BC as the year the ninth book was written. Besides, through the historical debate occurred among the vitruvian scholars, we determined the year Vitruvius has born, died, written, prefaced and dedicated his work. We present, in the first chapter, an abstract of the Ten Books of Vitruvius, the different trajectories of the vitruvian editions since the IX century until the present date and 16 editions we consider significant for any vitruvian scholar. In the second chapter, we analyze the historical process about the debate among scholars, referent to the date Vitruvius lived and wrote his work. In the third chapter, we analyzed the book 9, objectifying localize Astronomy contents described by Vitruvius, of which, thereafter, assisted us to conclude which year he wrote this book. Finally, in the chapter 4, the conclusion is made based on the studies of theorists presented in the chapter 2 and the concepts of Astronomy presented in chapter 3, we determined the year Vitruvius has born, died, written, prefaced and dedicated his work / Nascido nas regiões próximas à Roma, entre 85 a 80 a.e.c. Vitrúvio redigiu a obra Dez Livros de Arquitetura. O período, possivelmente, data entre o final da República e o começo do principado de Augusto. Entre 29 a 27 a.e.c, após ter escrito o texto principal da obra, Vitrúvio vê a necessidade de prefaciar e dedicar seu tratado para Augusto César. Inserido nessa acentuada movimentação política, Vitrúvio publica, em 27 a.e.c. sua obra. Para Vitrúvio, a ciência do arquiteto é ornada de muitas disciplinas e de vários saberes, sendo necessário ter conhecimento em arte literária, ciência do desenho, geometria, aritmética, fatos históricos, filosofia, música, medicina e astronomia, pois todas essas disciplinas tem, entre si, ligação e comunicação. De fato, Vitrúvio prova na sua obra que era munido de todos esses saberes. Dos Dez Livros de Arquitetura, o livro 9 é dedicado para a Astronomia, objetivando a compreensão do sistema dos relógios solares. A complexa construção do seu analema, uma pré construção dos relógios solares, traz consigo diversos conceitos de Astronomia praticados na época. E foi com base nesses conceitos que determinamos o ano de 47 a.e.c. como sendo o ano de redação do nono livro. Além disso, através do debate histórico ocorrido entre os estudiosos vitruvianos, determinamos o ano em que Vitrúvio nasceu, faleceu, redigiu, prefaciou e dedicou sua obra. Apresentamos, no primeiro capítulo, um resumo dos Dez Livros de Vitrúvio, as diferentes trajetórias das edições vitruvianas durante os séculos IX até apresente data e 16 edições que consideramos significativas para qualquer estudioso vitruviano. No segundo capítulo, analisamos o processo histórico sobre o debate entre os estudiosos, referente à data que Vitrúvio viveu e redigiu sua obra. No terceiro capítulo, analisamos o livro 9, objetivando localizar conteúdos de Astronomia descritos por Vitrúvio, os quais, mais a frente, nos auxiliaram a concluir a determinação do ano que ele redigiu esse livro. Por fim, no capítulo 4, a conclusão é realizada com base nos estudos dos teóricos apresentados no capítulo 2 e dos conceitos de Astronomia apresentados no capítulo 3, determinamos o ano que Vitrúvio nasceu, faleceu, redigiu, prefaciou e dedicou sua obra

Segundo Vitrúvio, a arquitetura deve se orientar pelos princípios de firmeza, utilidade e venustidade. Procurou-se perquirir de que modo a ratio uenustatis se insere no De Architectura e o papel desempenhado. Em torno da noção de uenustas reúnem-se termos - tais como: species, aspectus, aspiciens, figura, uisus, oculus - concernentes às preocupações visuais dirigidas às obras, indicadas já nas definições fundamentais da arquitetura - ordinatio, dispositio, eurythmia, symmetria, decor e distributio. Lê-se no Livro III que o aspectus da obra lhe confere autoridade (auctoritas), e o templo eustilo pseudodíptero se afigura como exemplo maior na preceptiva. Mas é preciso contar antes com a auctoritas do arquiteto, para isso instruído nas letras (litterae), dentre variadas artes e erudições, e apto simultaneamente ao fazer e ao raciocinar (fabrica et ratiocinatio). As autoridades egrégias (egregias auctoritates) prometidas no primeiro exórdio à majestade do poder conduzido pelo Imperator, por ocasião dos esforços empreendidos na construção pública, dizem respeito às oportunidades e vantagens (opportunitas) advindas de uma adequada ordenação dos recintos urbanos (moenia) - desde a escolha do sítio até a determinação das obras de uso comum -, demonstrando-se intrinsecamente conexas à diligência no campo das venustidades, que permeia os demais âmbitos da arte edificatória. / According to Vitruvius, architecture must be oriented by the principles of firmitas, utilitas and uenustas. We tried to question how the ratio uenustatis is inserted in the De Architectura and its role. There are some terms which are gathered around the concept of uenustas - such as: species, aspectus, aspiciens, figura, uisus, oculus - concerning the visual matters directed to the building works, already indicated by the architecture\'s fundamental definitions - ordinatio, dispositio, eurythmia, symmetria, decor and distributio. As it is witten in Book III, the aspectus bestows aucthority (auctoritas) on the building and the eustylos pseudodipteros temple appears as a major exemplum in the set of preceptions. But before it is necessary to the authorized work to count upon the architect\'s authority, to that instructed in the litterae, among varied arts and eruditions, and apt at the same time to fabrica and ratiocinatio. The prominent authority (egregias auctoritates) promised to the majesty of the power lead by the Imperator in the first exordium, on the occasion of the efforts undertaken in the public building, are concerned with the opportuniies and advantages (opportunitas) issued from an adequate arrangement of the limited urban area (moenia) - from the selection of the site to the common use buildings settlement - showing themselves intrinsically connected with the heed of the ratio uenustatis that permeates the other fields of the ars aedificatoria.

A study of Salomon de Caus' manuscript commentary on the first book of Jean Martin's French translation of Vitruvius (c. 1622--1624) which takes the form of a dialogue between an Architect, an Engineer and a Mathematician. The removal of music and natural philosophy from the Vitruvion program of education; the need for the updating of Vitruvius' classical theory of founding cities and building their fortified walls; the emphasis on convenience in the planning of buildings and the separation of engineering and architecture within the Vitruvion corpus all point to a reduction in the role of architecture as cosmic analogy. A comparison with de Caus' treatises on perspective, mechanics, musical harmony, solar clocks and mensuration reveal that for de Caus, it is the engineer whose making can reconcile human and divine through a form of technical know-how that although it cannot be considered true knowledge, reveals the wonder of God to the senses.

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Anastasia Guidi Itokazu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, São Bernardo do Campo, 2017. / A pesquisa investiga a arquitetura do universo tal como proposta por Vitrúvio no século I a.C. São apresentadas as artes e disciplinas da arquitetura vinculadas às práticas da gnomônica e o contexto que envolve o arquiteto na Antiguidade, tal como alguns aspectos políticos e religiosos que integram o discurso das estruturas do universo descritas no Tratado de Arquitetura. São desenvolvidas as questões que envolvem o livro como objeto traduzido e transformado ao longo de milhares de anos e algumas reflexões quanto aos desenhos e as pinturas mencionadas na obra. Também temos os comentários e desenvolvimentos das questões quanto à cosmologia junto às elaborações de mapas e ilustrações a partir do conteúdo descrito pelo arquiteto. Foram pesquisadas as teorias de autores que antecedem o período da obra e que forneceram os ensinamentos para a execução das enxertias de Vitrúvio, assim como também se buscou aplicar os termos que são apresentadas como definições constitutivas da arquitetura, ao considerarmos o livro como um produto desta arte. / The present research investigates the architecture of the universe as proposed by Vitruvius in the first century BC. The arts and disciplines of architecture related to the practices of gnomonics and the context surrounding the architect in Antiquity are presented, as well as some political and religious aspects that end up integrating the discourse about the structures of the universe as described in the Treatise on Architecture. The book is hereby presented as an object translated and transformed over thousands of years and some reflections on the drawings and paintings are proposed. Comments and developments regarding the cosmology required for the elaborations of maps and illustrations are also examined in the text provided by the architect. Finally, some of the the theories of authors that precede the period of the work and who provided the teachings for Vitruvius' graftings were investigated, as well the applications tof terms that are presented as constitutive definitions of the architecture, the book being taken as a product of this art.

No description available.

This dissertation uncovers three previously unrecognized innovations of Thomas Jeckyll in the Peacock Room. At the same time, the dissertation admits that sometimes James McNeill Whistler chose a more conventional path in the design of the room than previously acknowledged. The dissertation illuminates the often overlooked principle of Classical Decor, first described in the first century BC by Vitruvius, and analyzes how it was instituted in the Peacock Room. Four major points illustrate this conclusion. First, the meaning of the sunflower in the West is explored to account for the flower’s popularity and absorption into ancient heliotropic lore. Thomas Moore’s poetry may have inspired Aesthetic Movement designers such as Jeckyll to use the motif. Second, this dissertation demonstrates that the Peacock Room is only a distant descendant of the traditional European porcelain chamber. It was a new idea to turn the porcelain chamber into a dining room. Further, the room lacks two of the three key features of a porcelain room: lacquer panels and large plate-glass mirrors. When Whistler made the surfaces of this room dark and glossy, he made the room more traditional, aligning it with the customary lacquer paneling of porcelain rooms. And Jeckyll’s sho-dana shelving system in the Leyland dining room was without precedent in porcelain or other kinds of Western rooms, with influences from Japan and China. Third, Decor in the dining room was revealed as an established pattern in eating rooms from Ancient Roman triclinia to the present day. Fourth, Decor is present in the Peacock Room in four ways: in the trappings of the table used to decorate a dining room, in the darkness of this dining room, in the use of a foodstuff, the peacock, to decorate the room, and in the hearth’s sunflowers. Through the lens of the history of Western domestic interiors, significant innovations by Jeckyll have been brought to light, and the meaning of specific elements in the Peacock Room has been elucidated. Jeckyll and Whistler gave the world a sensational story in the Peacock Room but also a complex work of art that is only beginning to be illuminated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Rogerio Calil.pdf: 11488359 bytes, checksum: dd0835c7c2c46050e6e9c84469f65015 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Vitruvius, who was born near Rome around the first century BC, introduces in his work Ten Books on Architecture several teachings on Roman architecture, concepts regarding war machines, and also information about the science of his time. His name, place of birth, the dates of his birth and death, and the exact year when the work was written are still open issues, stimulating controversies among specialists who seek to understand the thoughts of the Roman architects who lived in that period. Besides that, several words used within the Ten Books on Architecture are left without translation, because their contextual meaning cannot be understood. The work Ten Books on Architecture, allegedly written by Vitruvius, not only provides the reader with architectural concepts of the first century BC, but also allows a glimpse of the Roman view of the Universe at that time. The aim of the ninth book is explaining Astronomy and the mechanism of the sky for the construction of sundials, and presents the analemma. Vitruvius analemma is a basic geometric analysis preceding the construction of all sundials at that time. However, Vitruvius only describes the construction of the geometric diagram, and not its use and application, a task that is left to mathematicians. He does mention the names of several inventors and their respective sundials, but he does not offer any further details. This work presents, in chapter I, a philological analysis of Vitruvius. Chapter II offers a detailed analysis of Vitruvius book IX, chapter VIII, verse I, where the author refers to many types of sundials and their inventors. After a thorough examination of those sundials, in chapter III the readers will be able to check each stage of the construction of the analemma, commented with the use of translations into Latin, French, Italian, English, Spanish and Portuguese, together with the opinions of commentators. Finally, chapter IV shows an example of how Vitruvius analemma can be applied for the construction of a plane horizontal sundial, following the analysis of Gustav Bilfinger / Nascido por volta do século I a.C. nas regiões próximas de Roma, Vitruvius apresenta na sua obra Dez Livros de Arquitetura, diversos ensinamentos sobre arquitetura romana e conceitos construtivos sobre as máquinas de guerras da época, acompanhadas de informações sobre a ciência da época. Seu nome, local de nascimento, datas de vida e morte e data exata da elaboração da obra são questões abertas que geram debates entre os especialistas que desejam entender os pensamentos dos arquitetos romanos que viveram durante esse período. Atrelados a esses fatores, os textos inseridos nos dez livros deixam diversas palavras sem tradução por não apresentarem um entendimento acerca do propósito contextual. A obra Dez Livros de Arquitetura, atribuído a Vitruvius, além de proporcionar ao leitor os conceitos arquitetônicos do século I a.C. também permite captar uma visão de Universo que os romanos tinham dessa época. Desses dez livros, apenas o nono apresenta o propósito de explicar a Astronomia com fundamentos de mecânica celeste objetivando como resultado final a construção de relógios solares e apresentação do analema . O analema de Vitruvius é uma analise fundamental que antecede todas as demais construções de relógios solares existentes na época. Porém, Vitruvius nos indica apenas a construção e não o uso e aplicação do mesmo, deixando essa tarefa para os matemáticos. Descrevendo os nomes de vários inventores e seus respectivos relógios solares, sem no entanto esclarecer detalhes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar ao leitor, no decorrer do primeiro capítulo, uma análise filológica de Vitruvius. No segundo capítulo, a pesquisa realiza uma análise aprofundada do capítulo oito, verso um, contido no livro nove, onde Vitruvius apresenta diversos tipos de relógios solares e seus autores. Após a análise minuciosa desses relógios solares, no capítulo três o leitor poderá verificar cada etapa de construção do analema de Vitruvius com seus comentários através da análise de textos traduzidos para o latim, francês, italiano, inglês, espanhol e português, além de opiniões apresentadas por comentadores. Por fim, no capítulo quatro, será apresentado para o leitor um exemplo de aplicação do analema de Vitruvius para a construção de um relógio solar plano horizontal, seguindo a análise de Gustav Bilfinger