L’étude a pour objet le chant de l’enseignant en Éducation musicale en France. Elle s’appuie sur la question suivante : Comment l’enseignant doit-il chanter ? Trois grandes parties structurent la démarche. Le premier Livre explore les écrits concernant la voix chantée de l’enseignant, qui, d’un « modèle » vocal légitime problématique dans le contexte de l’enseignement de masse, évolue vers une vocalité se voulant plus adaptée au contexte, mais toujours incertaine. Il conclut à la prégnance des choix esthétiques dans tout ce qui touche à la vocalité en éducation musicale. Le Livre II cherche à expliquer les raisons des paradoxes qui collent au chant de l’enseignant : il dégage les facteurs socio-historiques et didactiques qui font du chanter en éducation musicale une activité spécifique par son ancrage partiel dans les représentations traditionnelles du chant, et dans les grands concepts éducatifs. Le Livre III démontre la réalité des choix esthétiques et ses incidences sur la transposition didactique du chant. Par l’examen des traits stylistiques des répertoires valorisés, et par l’analyse acoustique de voix chantées d’enseignant, il met en évidence le rôle capital de la manière de chanter d’un enseignant dans la notion de vocalité. La démarche de recherche se finalise à travers la proposition d’une élaboration conceptuelle de « profils vocaux éducatifs ». / The subject of the study is the singing activity of teachers in French music education. The study poses the following question: how should the teacher sing? Three important subjects inform the answer. The first Book considers literature on the teacher’s singing voice. This voice is in the first place a legitimate vocal model ; but this in itself is problematic in the context of mass education. So the voice strives to take on a vocality better suited to the teaching environment. The conclusion of the first book is that it is aesthetic choices that prevail in everything relating to vocality in music teaching. Book II tries to explain the reasons for the paradoxes which are inherent in the teacher’s singing. It analyses the socio-historical and didactic factors which make music education such a particular activity as it is grounded both in traditional representations of singing and in educational concepts. Book Three shows just how present aesthetic choices are, and how they affect the way teachers adapt them to their teaching purposes. The stylistic features of various repertoires used are studied and the sound of music teachers’ voices is analysed. This enables us to show that the way a teacher sings plays a vital role in their teaching. As a result of this research we have drawn up a conceptual proposal for ‘educational vocal profiles’.

In this study, historically informed performance practice (HIP) is investigated as an approach to the performance or vocal ornamentation, with special emphasis on the operas of George Frideric Handel. The study aims to use information about this approach to performance practice in order to show forth its significant role in the performance of Handel arias. Through musicological viewpoints that have arisen out of the historical performance debate since the late 20th century, the study investigates the development and attributes of the HIP movement in order to identify its essential characteristics. Following this process, the author is able to define the HIP approach subjectively. Once a clearer knowledge of HIP is obtained, its influence on the performance of ornamentation is studied. Because Handel's operas were composed in the Italian style, the Italian vocal method is explored. Historical information is gathered through the use of an aria, embellished by Handel, Affanni del pensier, from his opera Ottone. With this information, the author attempts to freely embellish an aria, Da tempeste if legno infranto, from Handel's opera, Giulio Cesare. This example of the performance style is practised with the historical information in mind, without inhibiting the creativity of the author. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

In this study, historically informed performance practice (HIP) is investigated as an approach to the performance or vocal ornamentation, with special emphasis on the operas of George Frideric Handel. The study aims to use information about this approach to performance practice in order to show forth its significant role in the performance of Handel arias. Through musicological viewpoints that have arisen out of the historical performance debate since the late 20th century, the study investigates the development and attributes of the HIP movement in order to identify its essential characteristics. Following this process, the author is able to define the HIP approach subjectively. Once a clearer knowledge of HIP is obtained, its influence on the performance of ornamentation is studied. Because Handel's operas were composed in the Italian style, the Italian vocal method is explored. Historical information is gathered through the use of an aria, embellished by Handel, Affanni del pensier, from his opera Ottone. With this information, the author attempts to freely embellish an aria, Da tempeste if legno infranto, from Handel's opera, Giulio Cesare. This example of the performance style is practised with the historical information in mind, without inhibiting the creativity of the author. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This dissertation presents evidence for the influence which tenor Enrico Caruso had on the Italian Vocal Tradition. This impact was clearly boosted by the revolution realized in the fledgling recording industry, and the recordable disc. In the years of 1902-1920 gramophones became commonplace, and collecting recordings became an interest for many. This new technology required specialized skills, and was especially suited to certain qualities of voice. Caruso enjoyed immense success in this medium, in recording over 250 records. Italian vocal style at the turn of the century was changing, and Caruso employed a new "modern" style in his singing. His interpretive decisions, vocal method, and repertoire which he championed had an impact on the vocal tradition of future generations. Comparison of his recordings with tenors Fernando de Lucia, Giuseppe Anselmi, and Alessandro Bonci shows a marked contrast in styles of "the old school" and Caruso's "more straightforward" approach. A collection of historical documents for those who succeeded him include many biographies, reviews, and quotes to demonstrate the extent of his influence. Recordings also show a movement toward "the Caruso Sound." Jussi Bjoerling, Franco Corelli, Richard Tucker, Mario Lanza, and Luciano Pavarotti were all influenced by the great Caruso. Almost 100 years have passed since he sang his last performance. He continues to inspire singers to this day, through his recordings and legacy passed on by many generations. He is the ideal, the measuring stick for all tenors to follow, and continues even to today.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze representations of Queen Elizabeth I of England in nineteenth-century Franco-Italian opera, and the relationship of these representations to contemporaneous singing style and the historical background. The basis for this analysis is three arias: "Quant'é grato all'alma mia" from Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra (1815) by Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868), "Sì, vuol di Francia il rege...Ah! quando all'ara scorgemi...Ah! dal ciel discenda un raggio" from Maria Stuarda (1835) by Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848), and "Malgré l'éclat qui m'environne" from Le songe d'une nuit d'été (1850) by Ambroise Thomas (1811-1896). This research is divided into two main sections: the historical background of Italy and France in the nineteenth century, especially in the contemporaneous vocal style and fashions of literature; and a discussion of the composers' musical and dramatic choices for Queen Elizabeth I in the three selected arias. Chapter 2 is a brief introduction to the early nineteenth-century Franco-Italian historical background, vocal style, and popular literature. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of the three arias. The last chapter summarizes the representations of Elizabeth I in nineteenth-century politics, literature, and vocal style.