Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-22T18:57:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JosephAndrewsBeloAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 2493249 bytes, checksum: 1b737b22d98e824d63c44e7fc7f94b62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-04T00:26:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JosephAndrewsBeloAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 2493249 bytes, checksum: 1b737b22d98e824d63c44e7fc7f94b62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-04T00:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosephAndrewsBeloAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 2493249 bytes, checksum: 1b737b22d98e824d63c44e7fc7f94b62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Ao explorar ativamente o ambiente, ratos exibem comportamentos sens?rio-motores r?tmicos com frequ?ncia na faixa teta (5-10 Hz). Dentre esses est?o o sniffing (respira??o ativa e r?pida), o whisking (movimento das vibrissas faciais) e as vocaliza??es ultrass?nicas. Estudos recentes mostraram formas de sincronicidades entre tais ritmos: a protra??o e retra??o das vibrissas est?o associadas em fase, respectivamente, ? inala??o e exala??o respirat?ria; a constri??o das cordas vocais necess?ria para a produ??o vocal, por sua vez, est? condicionada ? fase exalante do sniffing e de retra??o do whisking. Embora essas e outras observa??es indiquem uma intera??o entre ritmos e geradores de padr?es no tronco encef?lico aos quais s?o atribu?dos os movimentos orais, faciais e respirat?rios. Com o intuito de adquirir melhor compreens?o acerca das hierarquias concernentes aos circuitos neurais envolvidos em tais atividades, n?s gravamos simultaneamente o whisking, sniffing e as vocaliza??es em ratos durante livre explora??o social. Para este prop?sito, oito eletrodos foram inseridos cirurgicamente para a aquisi??o de sinais eletromiogr?ficos bilaterais dos m?sculos que controlam as vibrissas e uma c?nula foi implantada por meio de uma perfura??o no osso nasal para o registro do ciclo respirat?rio. Ap?s recupera??o e habitua??o, dois ratos (um implantado e outro de est?mulo) foram posicionados sobre duas plataformas separadas por uma fenda onde possibilitava a explora??o m?tua dos animais. Esses epis?dios foram filmados atrav?s de uma c?mera de alta velocidade (250 Hz) para a captura dos movimentos das vibrissas. As vocaliza??es ultrass?nicas foram detectadas por um microfone suspenso. N?s conduzimos an?lises de fase e frequ?ncia para validar os sinais registrados e caracterizar as a??es rec?procas entre esses ciclos em contextos sociais. Os resultados confirmaram que ambos o whisking e o sniffing ocorrem em turnos nas frequ?ncias teta durante explora??o social. Al?m disso, a esperada rela??o em anti-fase entre os sinais dos grupos musculares que controlam a protra??o e retra??o das vibrissas assim como a forte sincronia com o ciclo respirat?rio foram observadas. Interessantemente, nossos dados sugerem que esta sincronia ? imediatamente dissipada durante a emiss?o de vocaliza??es ultrass?nicas. Em vez disso, n?s presenciamos um novo comportamento de whisking, que consiste em retra??o e protra??o ativas e independentes do ciclo respirat?rio. / When actively exploring the environment, rats exhibit several rhythmic behaviors with frequencies in the theta range (5-10 Hz). These include sniffing (active fast respiration), whisking (movement of the facial vibrissae), and ultrasonic vocalizations. Synchronizations between each pair of these behaviors have been observed in recent studies: vibrissae protraction-retraction is linked to the inhalation-exhalation phase of breathing; constriction of the vocal folds for vocalization, in turn, is locked to the exhalation phase of sniffing; accordingly, vocalizations were observed to synchronize with the retraction phase of whisking. These and other observations point to an interaction of rhythm and pattern generators in the brainstem controlling the coordination of respiratory, oral and facial movements. To better understand the hierarchies among these circuits we simultaneously recorded sniffing, whisking and vocalizations from rats during free social exploration. For this purpose, eight electrodes were inserted surgically to acquire bilateral EMG signals from muscles controlling the protraction and retraction of the whiskers and a cannula was implanted through the nasal bone to record the respiratory cycle. After one week of recovery and habituation, two rats (one implanted and one naive) were placed across a gap where they could explore each other. These interactions were filmed with a high speed camera (250 Hz) to capture whisker movements and ultrasonic vocalizations were recorded from an overhanging microphone. We made frequency and phase analysis to validate the recorded signals and characterize the interplay between these sensorimotor rhythms. Results confirmed that both sniffing and whisking occur in bouts at theta frequencies during social exploration. Furthermore, we observed the expected anti-phase relationship between the EMGs from muscles controlling whisker protraction and retraction as well as their tight synchrony with the sniffing cycle. Interestingly, our data suggests that this synchrony is immediately lost during the emission of ultrasonic vocalizations. Instead, we observed a novel whisking behavior, consisting of active vibrissae protraction and retraction independent of the respiratory cycle.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T23:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraCiralliBoerner_DISSERT.pdf: 13754051 bytes, checksum: 1867ba4d0a14ecc5b81205405465f4fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-16T19:44:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraCiralliBoerner_DISSERT.pdf: 13754051 bytes, checksum: 1867ba4d0a14ecc5b81205405465f4fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T19:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraCiralliBoerner_DISSERT.pdf: 13754051 bytes, checksum: 1867ba4d0a14ecc5b81205405465f4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Vocaliza??es ultrass?nicas de ratos de freq??ncia fundamental na faixa de 30-90khz, conhecidas como usvs de '50 khz', est?o relacionadas a contextos apetitivos, como intera??es sociais, recompensa e acasalamento. No entanto, ainda n?o est? estabelecido como essas vocaliza??es contribuem para o comportamento social do rato. Dados anteriores do nosso grupo mostram que essas usvs est?o bem sincronizadas com a locomo??o do rato emissor, aumentando a possibilidade de que as vocaliza??es possam ajudar os ratos a se rastrearem no escuro. N?s testamos essa hip?tese ao avaliar como a desvocaliza??o de um ou dois ratos em pares de macho e f?mea afetaram suas intera??es espaciais durante o comportamento de acasalamento. As medidas de correla??o espacial, como dist?ncia m?dia entre os dois animais e n?mero e dura??o das persegui??es, foram analisadas para cada registro. Resultados preliminares sugerem que, embora a desvocaliza??o n?o influencie o sucesso do acasalamento, ela possa interferir especificamente nas r?pidas intera??es espaciais. / Rat ultrasonic vocalizations of fundamental frequency in the 30-90khz range known as '50 khz' usvs, are related to appetitive contexts such as social interactions, reward and mating. However, how these vocalizations contribute to rat social behaviour is not completely understood. Previous data from our lab shows that these usvs are tightly synchronized with the locomotion of the emitting rat, thus raising the possibility that vocalizations could help rats track each other in the dark. We here tested this hypothesis by assessing how devocalizing one or both rats in a male-female pair affected their spatial interactions during mating behavior. Metrics of spatial correlation, such as average distance between the two animals and number and duration of chases were analyzed for each record. Preliminary results suggest that, although devocalization does not influence success of mating, it may specifically interfere with fast spatial interactions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoSS.pdf: 703357 bytes, checksum: 61a9f2f7ebf9d69474aa37bec7180627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Immediate-early genes (IEGs) expression has been widely used as a valuable tool to investigate brain areas activated by specific stimuli. Studies of natural vocalizations, specially in songbirds, have largely benefited from this tool. Here we used IEGs expression to investigate brain areas activated by the hearing of conspecific common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) vocalizations and/or utterance of antiphonal vocalizations. Nine adult male common marmosets were housed in sound-attenuating cages. Six animals were stimulated with playbacks of freely recorded natural long distance vocalizations (phee calls and twitters; 45 min. total duration). Three of them vocalized in response (O/V group) and three did not (O/n group). The control group (C) was composed by the remaining animals, which neither heard the playbacks nor spontaneously vocalized. After one hour of the stimulation onset (or no stimulation, in the case of the C group), animals were perfused with 0,9% phosphate-saline buffer and 4% paraformaldehyde. The tissue was coronally sectioned at 20 micro meter in a cryostat and submitted to immunohistochemistry for the IEGs egr-1 and c-fos. Marked immunoreactivity was observed in the auditory cortex of O/V and O/n subjects and in the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of O/V subjects. In this study, brain areas activated by vocalizations of common marmosets were investigated using IEGs expression for the first time. Our results with the egr-1 gene indicate that potential plastic phenomena occur in areas related to hearing and uttering conspecific vocalizations. / A express?o de genes imediatos tem sido largamente utilizada na investiga??o de ?reas cerebrais ativadas por est?mulos espec?ficos. Estudos de comunica??o vocal, especialmente em aves canoras, t?m se beneficiado enormemente dessa ferramente. Neste trabalho, utilizamos a express?o de genes imediatos para identificar as ?reas corticiais ativadas pela audi??o e express?o de vocaliza??es co-espec?ficas de sag?is comuns (Callithrix jacchus). Nove sag?is comuns machos adultos foram mantidos em caixas de atenua??o ac?stica. Seis animais foram expostos a playbacks de vocaliza??es co-espec?ficas naturais (phee calls e twitters; total de 45 minutos). Tr?s deles vocalizaram em resposta, compondo o grupo que "ouviu e vocalizou" (O/V), e tr?s permaneceram em sil?ncio (grupo O/n). O grupo controle (C) foi composto pelos tr?s animais restantes, que n?o foram expostos ao est?mulo e nem vocalizaram espontaneamente. Depois de uma hora do in?cio do est?mulo, (ou nenhum est?mulo, no caso do grupo C), os animais foram perfundidos com solu??o salina 0,9%, seguida de paraformalde?do 4%. Os c?rebros foram removidos e cortados coronalmente a 20 micro metros com o aux?lio de um criostato e submetidos a imunohistoqu?mica para os genes imediatos egr-1 and c-fos. Maior imunorreatividade foi observada no c?rtex auditivo prim?rio dos animais dos grupos O/V e O/n e no c?rtex cingulado anterior, c?rtex pr?-frontal dorso-medial e c?rtex pr?-frontal ventro-lateral dos animais do grupo O/V. Este trabalho foi o primeiro a utilizar a express?o de genes imediatos no estudo das ?reas corticais envolvidas na comunica??o de sag?is comuns. Nossos resultados, especialmente em rela??o ao gene egr-1, indicam que eventos potencialmente pl?sticos ocorrem nas ?reas relacionadas ? audi??o e emiss?o de vocaliza??es co-espec?ficas.Express?o de genes imediatos induzidos por vocaliza??es em sag?is-comuns (Callithrix jacchus)