Lietuvoje pirminio profesinio mokymo politika vis dažniau paliekama aukštojo mokslo užnugaryje. Nacionalinė šalies valdžia irgi nelabai sutaria, kaip turėtų būti formuojama ši viešosios politikos sritis. Todėl šio darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti Lietuvos profesinio mokymo politikos formavimą ir įgyvendinimą, remiantis ne tik įvairiais norminiais dokumentais, bet ir atliekant atvejo analizę (Kauno regione). Analizuojant teorinius profesinio mokymo politikos aspektus, galima pastebėti, jog plačiausiai procesus paaiškina viešosios politikos teorijos, leidžiančios išskirti tam tikrus politikos formavimo bei įgyvendinimo faktorius bei metodus. Tačiau šiandieninė Lietuvos profesinio mokymo politika yra kintanti, todėl konkretaus modelio suformuluoti negalime. Lietuvos profesinio mokymo politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas skiriasi, lyginant jų efektyvumo rodiklius. Strateginiai dokumentai suformuluojami, atsižvelgiant į tarptautinių organizacijų rekomendacijas, o institucijos retai kada pasiekia visus numatytus tikslus. Profesinio mokymo finansavimas irgi yra gana komplikuotas, nes Švietimo ir mokslo ministerija sulaukia Valstybės kontrolės priekaištų dėl nesugebėjo užtikrinti efektyvų lėšų administravimą. Atvejo analizė Kauno regione parodė, kad profesinio mokymo politikos procesus optimistiškai vertina tik ekspertai. Profesinių mokyklų vadovai daugiausia kritikos pateikė mokymo kokybės valdymo procesui bei finansavimo klausimams. Tyrimo metu buvo paneigta nuomonė, kad verslas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The policy of primary vocational training in Lithuania is left out in the back of higher education more often. The national state’s government does not agree upon how this particular public policy sphere should be formed. That is why the aim of this work is to analyze the formation and implementation of Lithuanian vocational training policy, referring not only to different standard documents, but also performing a case analysis (in Kaunas region). While analyzing theoretical aspects of the vocational training policy, it may be noticed that the theories allowing to distinguish particular policy formation and implementation factors and methods explain the processes the best. Nevertheless, Lithuanian vocational training policy today is changing and it is not possible to formulate any concrete model. Lithuanian vocational training policy formation and implementation differ while comparing their rates of efficiency. The strategic documents are formed regarding the recommendations of the international organizations, but institutions rarely achieve the intended goals. The financing of vocational training is also quite complicated as the State Control reproaches the Ministry of Education and Science with its inability to ensure effective administration of resources. The case analysis in Kaunas region showed that the vocational training policy processes are evaluated optimistically only by the experts. The directors of vocational training schools criticized teaching quality process... [to full text]

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-31T13:18:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS DO PRONATEC NO CAMPUS VITÓRIA DE SANTO ANTÃO DO IFPE ok.pdf: 2644607 bytes, checksum: 78c5c35727b5b68f3569994fb3238602 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T13:18:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS DO PRONATEC NO CAMPUS VITÓRIA DE SANTO ANTÃO DO IFPE ok.pdf: 2644607 bytes, checksum: 78c5c35727b5b68f3569994fb3238602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / FACEPE / Esta pesquisa, caracterizada como estudo de caso, tem como objetivo principal analisar a implementação dos cursos técnicos (Técnico em Segurança de Trabalho e Técnico em Alimentos) da Bolsa-Formação do Pronatec no Campus Vitória de Santo Antão do IFPE. O Campus do IFPE que serviu como local de nossa pesquisa localiza-se na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, uma região caracterizada por forte dependência da economia agrícola, notadamente o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, por empreendimentos agroindustriais e da indústria de alimentos, e que apresenta indicadores sociais preocupantes. Nossa investigação teve como referencial teórico o materialismo dialético e utilizamos como instrumentos de pesquisa a análise documental, entrevistas estruturadas e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com docentes, egressos e gestores dos cursos pesquisados, servindo as estruturadas para uma caracterização do público pesquisado e as semiestruturadas para uma efetiva investigação sobre a implantação dos cursos. Verificamos que as iniciativas do Estado brasileiro referentes à qualificação profissional nos últimos vinte anos guardam importantes semelhanças com o Pronatec e se revelam como diferentes programas que favorecem o capital, inspirados pela Teoria do Capital Humano e consequentemente dissociados de uma efetiva preocupação com a elevação da escolarização dos trabalhadores e contrárias a uma formação integral dos mesmos. Identificamos na implementação dos cursos técnicos do Pronatec investigados problemáticas que se repetem também em outras iniciativas de formação profissional realizadas pelo Estado brasileiro como: problemas na seleção de cursistas, evasão escolar, precarização presente nos cursos, dificuldade para a realização de estágios obrigatórios e dicotomia entre a realidade e as expectativas dos egressos. Ao lado desta série de problemas, identificamos docentes satisfeitos com seu trabalho, egressos esperançosos com seu futuro profissional e uma expressiva parcela de jovens técnicos que ingressaram em cursos de nível superior. / This research, characterized as a case study, has its major goal to analyze the implementation of technical courses (occupational safety and health technical course and food technical course) of the scholarship called Bolsa-formação of the Pronatec at Campus Vitoria de Santo Antão, IFPE. The Campus of IFPE, which served as the site of our research, is located in the forest zone of Pernambuco, an area characterized by a strong dependence of the agricultural economy, especially the cultivation of sugarcane, agro-industrial enterprises and the food industry that presents alarming social indicators. Our investigation had the dialectical materialism as the theoretical framework and we used document analysis, structured and semistructured interviews as research tools. The interviews were conducted with teachers, graduated students and managers of the courses under study, serving the structured interviews for a characterization of the participants and the semi-structured one, for the effective study on the implementation of the courses. We found that the initiatives of the Brazilian State relating to professional qualifications in the last twenty years keep important similarities with Pronatec, revealing how different programs that favor capital, inspired by the Theory of Human Capital, are thus dissociated from an effective concern with the increasing of workers‟ schooling and contrary to their integral formation. In the implementation of the Pronatec technical courses, we identified problems that are also repeated in other vocational training initiatives undertaken by the Brazilian government as: student selection problems, school dropout, precariousness in the courses, difficulty performing compulsory internship, and dichotomy between the reality and expectations of graduated students. Alongside this series of problems, we identified teachers satisfied with their work, hopeful graduated students with their professional future and a significant portion of young technicians who started undergraduate courses.

L'étude sur la politique de formation professionnelle et d'emploi en Haïti met l'accent sur l‟industrie touristique en tenant compte des atouts et de la position géographique du pays. Inscrit dans la lignée théorique du capital humain de Becker G. et faisant le lien entre les problèmes de la formation et le faible niveau de développement, le travail explore les principaux freins matériels et immatériels agissant négativement sur le secteur touristique et subséquemment sur le développement socioéconomique du pays. Adoptant une approche inspirée de l‟analyse systémique de Mélèze J. complétée par l‟analyse stratégique de Crozier M. et de Friedberg E., l‟étude met en évidence les enjeux des acteurs dans le cadre des démarches visant à dynamiser l‟industrie du tourisme en Haïti. Les données de l'enquête et les entretiens réalisés avec des personnalités ayant travaillé dans les secteurs de la formation et du développement ont permis de constater que les moyens alloués au système national de formation professionnelle sont largement insuffisants pour répondre à la demande sociale de la formation. Il a été permis de constater aussi que l'offre publique de formation professionnelle est historiquement faible et géographiquement inégalitaire. Ce problème affecte le stock de capital humain dont le pays a besoin pour assurer son développement socioéconomique.Les efforts déployés au cours de ces dernières années en vue d'atténuer les effets dévastateurs des crises qu'a connues le pays n'ont pas été accompagnés de l'application d'une politique de formation professionnelle en appui aux secteurs dans lesquels on espérait avoir des investissements. Les données économiques de la région et le positionnement géographique du pays autorisent à penser qu'une politique de formation ambitieuse aurait pu remplir une fonction attractive dans les branches d'activité à haute valeur ajoutée demandant moins d'investissement dans lesquelles le pays a des avantages comparatifs, notamment le tourisme. L'étude révèle que l'enseignement professionnel haïtien est déconnecté de l'appareil de production économique qui investit. Ce problème pousse certaines entreprises, pour répondre à leurs besoins, à faire appel à la main-d'oeuvre étrangère tandis que le pays connaît un taux de chômage important. Sous-financés, l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle sont victimes de la représentation traditionnelle que certains ont de l'apprentissage. De plus, il n'existe pas un espace formel de concertation et de dialogue entre les responsables des organismes de formation et les dirigeants des entreprises. Ces dialogues, nécessaires et réclamés dans une démarche d'accompagnement, d'anticipation des investissements et de mise en oeuvre des politiques de l'emploi, dans les rares cas où ils existent, sont plus personnels qu'institutionnels. La concurrence pour avoir des contactspersonnels prime sur l'intérêt général. La mutualisation des forces en présence paraît nécessaire afin d'arriver à une lecture partagée de l‟environnement économique, établir un partenariat privilégié et éclairé entre l'appareil de production et celui de l'enseignement pour mieux orienter la politique de l'État dans le champ de la formation professionnelle. Enfin, comme secteur prioritaire de développement, le tourisme, industrie pourvoyeuse d'emplois, ne sera pas profitable à Haïti s'il n'y a pas un effort substantiel pour innover, créer des entreprises nouvelles et les doter des compétences et des qualifications que requiert une économie fondée sur les activités touristiques. La rentabilité du secteur touristique passe également par la création d‟un climat d'affaire propice à l‟investissement direct étranger (IDE), par la levée des principaux freins à la croissance économique, par des actions ciblées relatives aux opérations de marketing et par l'amélioration de l'image du pays à l'étranger. / The study on vocational training policy and employment in Haiti focuses on the tourism industry taking into account the strengths and geographic position. Join in the tradition of human capital theory of Becker G. and linking the issues of training and low level of development, the work explores the main brake material and immaterial acts negatively on the tourism sector and subsequently the country's socioeconomic development. Adopting an approach based on systems analysis of Mélèze J. supplemented by the analysis Strategic Crozier M. and Friedberg E., the study highlights the challenges that the actors face in the context of efforts to boost tourism industry in Haiti. The survey data and interviews with personalities who worked in the areas of training and development have revealed that the resources allocated to the national system of vocational training are largely inadequate to meet the social demand for training. It was also revealed that the public offer for training is historically low and geographically unequal. This problem affects the stock of human capital that the country needs for its economic development.The efforts put forth in recent years to mitigate the devastating effects of crises within the country have not been accompanied by the application of a vocational training policy in support of industries in which one hoped to have investments. The economics data of the region and the country's geographical location that suggest an ambitious training policy might play a role in attracting industries with high added value requiring less investment in which the country has comparative advantages including tourism. The study reveals that Haitian vocational education is disconnected from the apparatus of economic output that invests. This problem leads some companies to satisfy their needs by appealing to foreign labor, while the country has a high unemployment rate. Under-funded, technical education and vocational training are victims of the traditional representation some make about apprenticeship. Moreover, there is no space for formal discussion and dialogue among those responsible for the educational system and business leaders. These dialogues are necessary and acclaimed in a quest for support, anticipation of investment and the implementation of employment policies, in rare cases where they exist, are more personal than institutional. Competition for personal contacts outweighs public interest. The mutualisation of forces in place seems necessary in order to reach a common view of the economic environment, establish a privileged and enlightened partnership between the production apparatus and that of education to better the politics of the State in the field of vocational training. Finally, as a priority sector of development, the industry of tourism providers of employment will not benefit Haiti if it does not make a substantial effort to innovate, to create new businesses and to acquire the skills and qualifications required in an economy based on tourism. The profitability of the tourism sector also means creating a business climate conducive to foreign direct investment (FDI) by removing the main obstacles to economic growth, through targeted activities relating to operations and marketing by improving the country's image abroad.