Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1933. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. "The appendices of the thesis consist of a collection of scientific papers (preprints and reprints) which were co-authored with my research director, Professor W.J. Blaedel." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1927. / 'Literature": p. 29.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1937. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 20.

Orientador: Artur Zaghini Francesconi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T11:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_Marcelo_M.pdf: 1028536 bytes, checksum: 23f02a0880e6d6900107ba391cfe6c73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação foi estudado o comportamento do volume em excesso em relação à composição de sistemas contendo água, alcanodióis e um líquido iônico a 298,15 K. Os dados experimentais foram obtidos pelo método indireto utilizando-se a densitometria por oscilação mecânica. Os alcanodióis utilizados nos sistemas estudados foram o 1,2-etanodiol, o 1,2-propanodiol, 1,2-butanodiol e o 1,3-propanodiol. O líquido iônico utilizado para o experimento foi o brometo de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio. A fração molar do líquido iônico foi de 0,01 para todos os experimentos. Os valores de VmE foram correlacionados utilizando-se um polinômio do tipo Redlich-Kister. Os dados experimentais sem o líquido iônico foram correlacionados pelo modelo ERAS e PFP. Os dados experimentais do sistema água / alcanodiol / líquido iônico foram correlacionados utilizando-se o modelo ERAS e PFP modificados com a adição da equação de Hepler relativo a um termo de efeito salino / Abstract: In this work it was studied the behavior of the excess volume in relation to composition of systems with water, alkanediols and an ionic liquid at 298.15 K. The experimental data were acquired from an indirect method by means of vibrating-tube densimeter (Anton Paar, DMA 55). Alkanediols used in this work were 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol and 1,3-propanediol. 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was the ionic liquid used in this experiment. The ionic liquid was 0.01 of mole fraction for all experiments. The VmE data were correlated with a Redlich-Kister type polynomial. Experimental data from water + alkanediol system were correlated with ERAS and PFP model. Water + alkanediol + ionic liquid system were correlated using an ERAS and PFP modified with a Hepler equation related to a salt effect term / Mestrado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Mestre em Engenharia Química

The nature of chemical reactions taking place during the titration of dilute Al solutions in the presence of either chloride or sulfate were examined by refining the apparent Al hydrolysis products assuming the presence of solution species with n (OH/Al mole ratio) equal to 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4. The second and third hydrolysis products for Al were refined by comparison of calculated titration patterns to those observed for 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻⁵ M Al in 1 M, 0.1 M and 0.01 M KCl. A large degree of polynuclear character of Al solutions was found even at Al concentrations as low as 10⁻⁵ M. The n value and size of the polynuclear complexes are affected by Al concentration. The concentration constant, pQ₁₃ is found to be at least 17.4-17.7. It is concluded that the mononuclear Al(OH)₂ species is never significant. Use of statistical analysis of the data and graphical methods did not result in consistent data for polymer size determinations. The lower pQ values for mononuclear Al hydrolysis are explained by the structural instability of the mononuclear complexes. The bond strengths required for the bonds in the second and third hydrolysis complexes are often larger than those allowed for octahedral coordination. For that reason, the pQ values would be lower than calculated by extrapolation between the stable first and fourth hydrolysis constants. A new polynuclear complexation mechanism for Al is proposed to account for the high concentration of high n value polynuclear species in the titration refinements. The proposed linear l double chain structure has a structure consistent with boehmite and diaspore. This structure differs from the linear single chain and ring based polynuclear structures by the presence of rows of three coordinated oxygens in the bond central chain and rows of two and one coordinated oxygens along the plane edges. A rearrangement of internal charge in this structure is proposed in which part of the charge is removed from the three coordinated oxygens to result in an uncharged hydroxyl with the charge shifted to the one coordinated site neutralizing the hydroxyl. This results in a general formula for the polynuclear structure of (Al(OH)₃)_x(Al(OH)₂)₂²⁺. This structure results in a higher n value for a lower number of Al than does the other polynuclear complexation schemes and therefore explains the presence of high n value polymers in unaged Al solutions which would have required polymers of greater than a hundred Al cations. The observed presence of a second Al plateau on titration patterns with Al concentrations greater than 5 x10⁻⁵ M could not be the result of the onset of precipitation as earlier proposed. It is proposed that at a pH in the 6 to 7 range, a change of some of the one coordinated sites on the edge of the larger polynuclear and precipitant structures from water to hydroxyls results in a change in net edge charge from net positive to net negative which causes an increased rate of crystal growth due to the unlike charge between the edges and the smaller polynuclear and mononuclear complexes. The refinement of Al titration data in K₂SO₄, provide pQ values one to three pQ units lower than those obtained from equivalent KCl solutions. A catalytic mechanism is proposed in which Al polymerization is facilitated by the formation of mononuclear Al hydroxy sulfate complexes which combine together to form nonsulfate containing polynuclear complexes. The increased hydrolyzed concentration and lower ionic charge resulting from these complexes would increase the rate of polymerization in these systems. Evidence for the presence of mononuclear hydroxy sulfate complexes comes from the better fit for titration patterns in sulfate systems which would not have been observed for increased polymerization alone. / Ph. D.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective cohort study tested the effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on symmetrical volumetric changes in the nasal cavity. Volumetric changes in overall nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were also assessed as well as minimum cross-sectional width changes and molar angulation in association with RME. METHODS: CBCT scans of before and after RME treatment for 28 subjects (17 females, 11 males, average age 9.85 ± 2.42 years) were collected from a previously de-identified database. All subjects were treated for maxillary constriction using banded hyrax expanders. Mimics software was utilized to segment the nasal and pharyngeal airways and create various compartments (left and right nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx) for volumetric analysis. Minimum cross-sectional width measurements and maxillary first molar angulation were also assessed. Paired T-test was used to quantify the changes brought about by expansion. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level. RESULTS: Posterior expansion as measured between right and left greater palatine foramen (GPF) averaged 2.41 mm (SD = 1.03 mm). There were statistically significant differences in overall nasal cavity (2249.6 ± 2102.5 mm3), right nasal cavity (968.8 ± 1082.7), left nasal cavity (1197.3 ± 1587.0), nasopharyngeal (1000.6 ± 917.7), and oropharyngeal (2349.2 ± 2520.8) volumes. In comparing the right to left nasal cavity, no significant changes were noted for initial volume, post-expansion volume, or pre to post-expansion changes (T2-T1). For cross-sectional analysis, the right nasal cavity (0.13 ± 0.07 mm) and left nasal cavity (0.11 ± 0.06 mm) showed significant increases in minimum crosssectional width measurements. Initial maxillary molar angulation had no significant correlation to initial nasal cavity volume on either side. CONCLUSIONS: RME has significant benefits to increasing nasal and pharyngeal airway cavity volumes in all segments of the airway. Nasal cavity expands symmetrically. Minimum cross-sectional width of the left and right nasal cavities showed highly symmetrical improvements. Initial maxillary molar angulation has no relationship to initial nasal cavity volume.

by Song Zou. / Year shown on spine: 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-[72]). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Related works --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Spatial domain methods --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Transformation based methods --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Parallel Implement ation --- p.10 / Chapter 3 --- Parallel computation model --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Classifications of Parallel Computers --- p.13 / Chapter 3.3 --- The SIMD machine architectures --- p.15 / Chapter 3.4 --- The communication within the parallel processors --- p.16 / Chapter 3.5 --- The parallel display mechanisms --- p.17 / Chapter 4 --- Data preparation --- p.20 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2 --- Original data layout in the processor array --- p.21 / Chapter 4.3 --- Shading --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4 --- Classification --- p.23 / Chapter 5 --- Fast data parallel rotation and resampling algorithms --- p.25 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter 5.2 --- Affine Transformation --- p.26 / Chapter 5.3 --- Related works --- p.28 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Resampling in ray tracing --- p.28 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Direct Rotation --- p.28 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- General resampling approaches --- p.29 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Rotation by shear --- p.29 / Chapter 5.4 --- The minimum mismatch rotation --- p.31 / Chapter 5.5 --- Load balancing --- p.33 / Chapter 5.6 --- Resampling algorithm --- p.35 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Nearest neighbor --- p.36 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Linear Interpolation --- p.36 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- Aitken's Algorithm --- p.38 / Chapter 5.6.4 --- Polynomial resampling in 3D --- p.40 / Chapter 5.7 --- A comparison between the resampling algorithms --- p.40 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- The quality --- p.42 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Implement ation and cost --- p.44 / Chapter 6 --- Data reordering using binary swap --- p.47 / Chapter 6.1 --- The sorting algorithm --- p.48 / Chapter 6.2 --- The communication cost --- p.51 / Chapter 7 --- Ray composition --- p.53 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 7.2 --- Ray Composition by Monte Carlo Method --- p.54 / Chapter 7.3 --- The Associative Color Model --- p.56 / Chapter 7.4 --- Parallel Implementation --- p.60 / Chapter 7.5 --- Discussion and further improvement --- p.63 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusion and further work --- p.67 / Bibliography --- p.69

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a gradually progressive degenerative neurological disorder that is characterized by increasing cognitive impairment, characteristic degenerative pathology and brain atrophy. Studies have shown that the progression of AD pathology in the brain develops in a predictable pattern and the pathological changes that take place in brain begin at the microscopic level long before the first signs of memory loss. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which has exceptional soft tissue contrast and detailed resolution, is the best way to noninvasively examine changes which occur early in the course of AD. For this dissertation, our aim is to improve the methods for measuring the atrophy of brain structures in AD, as seen on MRI, and to apply these methods to subjects with cognitive impairment. This study has established a new coordinate template to replace the widely used Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template for the atlas-based segmentation procedure. The new template was derived from the same structural image as the one used by the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) procedure. The agreement of the newly developed coordinate template and AAL helps to estimate accurate spatial transformation parameters used in warping the AAL to individual subject images. The new template combines the spatial information of the structural image and the frequency information of MNI template. Based on the same principle, a set of customized templates has been developed. The customized template, associated atlas and customized priors match more closely the aging population than the previous template, so as to improve the atlas-based segmentation of regions of interest in AD assessment. Visual Rating System (VRS) of a single coronal slice (MB slice) in MRI has been another valuable method in the assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy. An automated procedure has been developed in this study to measure the hippocampal area on the same coronal slice so that the labor of human experts in the VRS assessment of hippocampus will be significantly reduced. Finally the methods and materials (template and atlas) developed in this dissertation were applied to cross-sectional studies of subjects with cognitive impairment. We conducted volumetric analysis on subjects and conclude that the data from the new approaches have higher correlations with clinical data, and therefore can be reliably used as part of an AD assessment tool.

A prototype sensor array was developed for use with laboratory automation to permit closed-loop control of liquid-levels in a multiwell microplate geometry. A simple electrical model for non-contact capacitance-based fluid sensors was extended to describe a fluid-level dependency. The new model shows that a charge-transfer based capacitance transducer employing a liquid-specific calibration can be used to obtain an output signal that varies linearly with the liquid-level when fringe-field effects are negligible. The calibration also compensates for liquid-to-liquid conductivity and permittivity differences. / The sensor was tested using sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethanol solutions to simulate the range of conductivity and permittivity typical in biological and chemical research. Measured capacitance was a second-order function of liquid volume due to fringe-field effects and was compensated for by adding a hardware-based calibration. Liquid-volume measurement error averaged 0.2% of the 120mul fill volume with a standard deviation of 0.6% (< mul). The maximum absolute error for all liquids was 2.7% (3mul).