This thesis has explored participation by adult volunteer workers of the Wapehani Girl Scout Council in central Indiana. This study involved 50 adults who were active members of the council at the time of the study and 50 adults who had been members of the council and were no longer active at the time of the study.A demographic questionnaire and a personality inventory were administered to each of the 100 participants in the study. The questionnaire involved the following information about each volunteer: age, sex, education, marital status, family income per year, size of community lived in, number of years in Scouting, membership in other organizations, number of children, number of daughters, number of daughters in Scouting, age at which daughters joined Scouts, and reasons for remaining or leaving Scouting. The personality inventory was the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, and it involved 15 variables: achievement, deference, order, exhibition, autonomy, affiliation, intraception, succorance, dominance, abasement, nurturance, change, endurance, heterosexuality, and aggression.

Volunteer tourism is a popular way for young Westerners to discover the world and at the same take on the role as an international aid worker. For a short time they get an opportunity to improve the life conditions of people in development countries and get to know a new culture. The discourse of “making a difference” is dominating the marketing and promotion of the volunteer trips, yet little research is to be found about what the volunteers contribute with and what “help”, provided by them consist of. The main purpose of this study was to explore eventual post-colonial legacies or structures in the practice of volunteer tourism by exploring how help, in the actual context is described and defined by the volunteer tourists themselves. The thesis is based on a field study, conducted during two months in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data was collected through 14 semi-structured interviews with volunteer tourists and observations at the volunteer sites. The data was further analysed by using terms and perspectives from post-colonial theory. The analysis show that the help from the volunteer tourists principally were supposed to compensate for deficiencies in the host community and that it was directed towards individual advancement for the kids that the volunteers encountered in the projects. Tendencies that the help-actions sometimes were based on assumptions, rather than facts about the conditions in the host community were also identified. Furthermore that the actions taken on by the volunteers sometimes implied simplified notions on ways to achieve development.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited / What is the political feasibility of a peacetime draft? Throughout this nation's history, the military manning debate has focused upon two separate schools of thought. On the one hand, there are those who believe that a "professional" force, comprised of experienced, career military personnel, is needed for national defense. At the same time, others have argued that a force composed of armed citizens is the best expression of democratic, "citizensoldier" ideals. A return to conscription has been proposed as the best means of remedying the deficiencies resulting from a market-based recruiting system. However, the fact is that Americans are quite satisfied with the current system (according to a 1984 survey). This thesis seeks to place the draft revival question within the framework of the philosophical and historical issues that have helped to shape the nation's attitudes toward military service. A major conclusion of the study is that political acceptability of a peacetime draft in the United States is highly questionable. / http://archive.org/details/assessmentofpoli00batt / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if regular volunteering during adolescence was associated with a delay in first pregnancy until adulthood. Method: Data for this analysis were drawn from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Logistic regression was used, controlling for demographic characteristics and pregnancy intention, to estimate the independent contribution of volunteering during adolescence to a delay in first pregnancy until after age 18. Results: One-third of respondents reported regularly volunteering during adolescence. Volunteering significantly differed among those who had a teen pregnancy compared to those who delayed pregnancy until adulthood (chi-square 6.52, p-value 0.012). In the adjusted analysis, respondents who reported regularly volunteering during adolescence were nearly 60% more likely to delay their first pregnancy until adulthood compared to those who did not volunteer. Conclusions: This analysis is the only one known to have examined volunteering alone, not as part of a multiple component prevention program. Its findings suggest that incorporating volunteering opportunities may make pregnancy prevention programs more successful. In addition, increasing the number of the kinds of volunteering opportunities that are already available may confer some protection against adolescent pregnancy.

D.Ed / Communities in a society consist of individuals within those communities. There are many individual members in those communities who are not effectively involved in serving that society. This study focuses on guiding individual members in a society to effective service in their community. Individuals who report for service in a community are referred to as volunteers. Many people don’t experience full spiritual health because they live selfcentred lives. People don’t realize that there is value in community service. Making a difference in the community by voluntary service leads to inner fulfilment and meaning. To accompany volunteers in finding their places of service, the following research question was asked: “What can be done to further voluntary community service?” The aim of this study was the description, implementation and evaluation of a Psycho-Educational Program to mobilize service in individuals to thereby further mental health. From a methodological viewpoint a qualitative research strategy was applied to realize the purpose mentioned above. A method of scouting and describing was further applied. The field - work was done by means of semi-structured interviews with volunteers. The results obtained were analysed and categorized. The findings of the data were justified by means of literature control. The trustworthiness of the findings was assured in this way. The following main themes were identified: · Points of departure to discover your place of service · Establishing healthy relationships The results of the data analysis show that the volunteer wants to know what value community service has to offer before he makes his time available for service. The volunteer’s involvement in the community should benefit his spiritual health by his experiencing meaning, peace and even health. The research indicated the fact that the volunteer should move through a process of self-discovery to find his place of service. When the volunteer discovers who he is and organizes his life accordingly, it should promote meaning to life. In the research it surfaced that volunteers in many cases experience that human relationships are inadequate. People from different backgrounds and with different types of personality form part of the community team. Therefore an effort should be made to further healthy inter-personal relationships. It is necessary that volunteers develop the social skills to promote healthy inter-personal relationships. In the research it also became clear that the facilitator plays an important role in the volunteer’s guiding process. He must guide the volunteer to find his place of service and to make him part of the community. Subsequently a service program for volunteers was developed. The program was developed out of the themes and categories. The program’s intent is to guide the volunteer in discovering his place of service. By being involved in the field of service which compliments his true “I” or identity, mental health will be attained. Secondly the program’s intent is to equip facilitators so that volunteers can be empowered for service. In conclusion the implementation and evaluation were discussed. Regard to the implementation, it was recommended that community leaders be trained during workshops to implement the service program in their communities. Thereafter they should develop facilitators in their respective communities who will guide volunteers in the process of finding their own places of service. The program was facilitated to a number of volunteers. Their experience was related during a focus - group interview. The data collected were analysed and categorized. The following conclusions were made: The program led to the fact that they realized the value of community service. The partakers discovered their true “I” or identity. This knowledge could be used to determine which type of service would lead to the greatest mental health. They also learned the necessary interpersonal skills for effective community service. The thesis therefore puts a community service program in place that will guide volunteers to find their place in service and to live to the full. In that way they will contribute effectively to society and will also benefit in mental health.

In 2006, Steven Oakley, an eighteen-year-old high school senior from Pennsylvania, is bribed by his father to go on a volunteer trip to hurricane-ravaged New Orleans, Louisiana. During his time, he meets a broken family whose experiences change Steven’s perspective on his own privileged life.

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um fato inexorável tanto em países desenvolvidos como em países em desenvolvimento. Além do controle das doenças crônicas, manutenção da autonomia e independência, é preciso manter o idoso ativo e inserido na sociedade. Para muitos, a velhice tem seu marco inicial na aposentadoria pois é o momento em que há uma reflexão sobre o que fazer, qual o seu espaço na família e na sociedade. O trabalho voluntário tem permitido que os idosos se sintam úteis, permaneçam ativos e inseridos na sociedade. Objetivo: conhecer os motivos que levaram um grupo de senescentes de origem japonesa, evangélicos a serem voluntários em um projeto para idosos com limitações. Metodologia: estudo prospectivo, descritivo, sob os pressupostos da pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa realizado com voluntários idosos de ambos os sexos, do Projeto Lírios do Campo, desenvolvido em uma igreja cristã japonesa da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: a entrevista com dezesseis voluntários mostrou o predomínio (75%) do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 70 anos. A maioria (81,25%) dos voluntários tinham ensino superior completo, eram aposentados e relatavam presença de doença. A percepção do que é o idoso foi pessimista e marcada pela dependência para 56% dos voluntários, entretanto, os mesmos tinham uma visão positiva do próprio envelhecimento, já 44% mostrou uma visão realista do envelhecimento sendo que a expectativa do próprio envelhecimento é a mesma em relação ao que é o idoso. Através da análise de conteúdo dos discursos, segundo Bardin e o uso do software Alceste, foi possível apreender que os motivos levaram os senescentes a se tornarem voluntários, classificados em três categorias: 1. Deus (pelo chamado divino e disseminação do Evangelho), 2. Projeto (sentimento de pertencimento e de utilidade) e, 3. Valores (relacionados a vivencias familiares e gratidão, principalmente relacionado a mãe). Conclusão: para os senescentes do Projeto Lírios do Campo, os motivos que os tornaram voluntários estão ligados a um sentido de vida, que por serem cristãos, esse significado é servir a Deus, com atitudes que o demonstrem, através dos cuidados aos idosos portadores de limitações. Pertencer ao projeto é o modo de servir a Deus, seja pela afinidade com idosos, com a cultura japonesa ou por se tornarem referência e sentirem-se úteis. Os valores relacionados a vivencia de cuidar da mãe ou de algum familiar idoso, além de inspiração, também, foi uma forma de compartilhar suas experiencias e de retribuição. Conhecer os motivos que levaram os senescentes a se tornarem voluntários, numa instituição evangélica, mostrou que a influência da cultura nipônica se justapôs a evangélica quando buscam o sentimento de utilidade e servilismo ao ajudar o próximo, principalmente o idoso. Esses achados contribuíram não só para entender a dinâmica deste projeto, mas como enfermeiros, orientar novas iniciativas de trabalhos onde os idosos tenham papel fundamental, contribuindo com a sociedade e ao mesmo tempo, tornando-os úteis, produtivos e felizes. / Introduction: Population aging is an inexorable fact in both developed and developing countries. Besides controlling chronic diseases, maintaining autonomy and independence, it is necessary to keep the elderly active and inserted in society. For many, old age has its starting point in retirement because it is the moment in which there is a reflection on what to do, what its space in the family and in society. Voluntary work has allowed the elderly to feel useful, to remain active and inserted in society. Objective: The present study aims to know the reasons that led a group of senescent to be volunteers in a project for the elderly with limitations. Method: This is a prospective, descriptive study under the assumptions of the quantitative and qualitative research carried out with sixteen elderly volunteers of both sexes, of the Lilies of the Field Project, inserted in a Japanese Christian church in the city of São Paulo. Results: There was a predominance (75%) of females and mean age was 70 years. The majority (81.25%) of the volunteers had completed higher education, were retired and reported the presence of disease. The perception of the elderly was pessimistic and marked by dependence on 56% of the volunteers, however, they had a positive view of aging itself. For 44%, a realistic view of aging is pointed out, and the expectation of aging itself is the same as that of the elderly. The reasons that led the senescent to become volunteers were related in three categories: 1. God, by calling and spreading the Gospel, 2. Project linked to the issues of belonging and feeling useful, finally, 3. Values related to experiences relatives taking care of the mother or taking the example of the grandmother as inspiration. Conclusion: for the senescent of the Lilies of the Field Project, the motives that made them voluntary are linked to a sense of life, which because they are Christians, this meaning is to serve God, with attitudes that demonstrate it, through the care of the elderly with limitations. Belonging to the project is the way of serving God, whether by affinity with the elderly, with Japanese culture or by becoming a reference and feeling useful. The values related to the experience of caring for the mother or some elderly relative, as well as inspiration, were also a way of sharing their experiences and retribution. Knowing the reasons that led the senescent to become volunteers in an evangelical institution showed that the influence of Japanese culture juxtaposed with the evangelical when they seek the sense of usefulness and servility in helping others, especially the elderly. These findings contributed not only to understanding the dynamics of this project, but as nurses, to guide new work initiatives where older people play a fundamental role, contributing to society while making them useful, productive and happy.

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um fato inexorável tanto em países desenvolvidos como em países em desenvolvimento. Além do controle das doenças crônicas, manutenção da autonomia e independência, é preciso manter o idoso ativo e inserido na sociedade. Para muitos, a velhice tem seu marco inicial na aposentadoria pois é o momento em que há uma reflexão sobre o que fazer, qual o seu espaço na família e na sociedade. O trabalho voluntário tem permitido que os idosos se sintam úteis, permaneçam ativos e inseridos na sociedade. Objetivo: conhecer os motivos que levaram um grupo de senescentes de origem japonesa, evangélicos a serem voluntários em um projeto para idosos com limitações. Metodologia: estudo prospectivo, descritivo, sob os pressupostos da pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa realizado com voluntários idosos de ambos os sexos, do Projeto Lírios do Campo, desenvolvido em uma igreja cristã japonesa da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: a entrevista com dezesseis voluntários mostrou o predomínio (75%) do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 70 anos. A maioria (81,25%) dos voluntários tinham ensino superior completo, eram aposentados e relatavam presença de doença. A percepção do que é o idoso foi pessimista e marcada pela dependência para 56% dos voluntários, entretanto, os mesmos tinham uma visão positiva do próprio envelhecimento, já 44% mostrou uma visão realista do envelhecimento sendo que a expectativa do próprio envelhecimento é a mesma em relação ao que é o idoso. Através da análise de conteúdo dos discursos, segundo Bardin e o uso do software Alceste, foi possível apreender que os motivos levaram os senescentes a se tornarem voluntários, classificados em três categorias: 1. Deus (pelo chamado divino e disseminação do Evangelho), 2. Projeto (sentimento de pertencimento e de utilidade) e, 3. Valores (relacionados a vivencias familiares e gratidão, principalmente relacionado a mãe). Conclusão: para os senescentes do Projeto Lírios do Campo, os motivos que os tornaram voluntários estão ligados a um sentido de vida, que por serem cristãos, esse significado é servir a Deus, com atitudes que o demonstrem, através dos cuidados aos idosos portadores de limitações. Pertencer ao projeto é o modo de servir a Deus, seja pela afinidade com idosos, com a cultura japonesa ou por se tornarem referência e sentirem-se úteis. Os valores relacionados a vivencia de cuidar da mãe ou de algum familiar idoso, além de inspiração, também, foi uma forma de compartilhar suas experiencias e de retribuição. Conhecer os motivos que levaram os senescentes a se tornarem voluntários, numa instituição evangélica, mostrou que a influência da cultura nipônica se justapôs a evangélica quando buscam o sentimento de utilidade e servilismo ao ajudar o próximo, principalmente o idoso. Esses achados contribuíram não só para entender a dinâmica deste projeto, mas como enfermeiros, orientar novas iniciativas de trabalhos onde os idosos tenham papel fundamental, contribuindo com a sociedade e ao mesmo tempo, tornando-os úteis, produtivos e felizes. / Introduction: Population aging is an inexorable fact in both developed and developing countries. Besides controlling chronic diseases, maintaining autonomy and independence, it is necessary to keep the elderly active and inserted in society. For many, old age has its starting point in retirement because it is the moment in which there is a reflection on what to do, what its space in the family and in society. Voluntary work has allowed the elderly to feel useful, to remain active and inserted in society. Objective: The present study aims to know the reasons that led a group of senescent to be volunteers in a project for the elderly with limitations. Method: This is a prospective, descriptive study under the assumptions of the quantitative and qualitative research carried out with sixteen elderly volunteers of both sexes, of the Lilies of the Field Project, inserted in a Japanese Christian church in the city of São Paulo. Results: There was a predominance (75%) of females and mean age was 70 years. The majority (81.25%) of the volunteers had completed higher education, were retired and reported the presence of disease. The perception of the elderly was pessimistic and marked by dependence on 56% of the volunteers, however, they had a positive view of aging itself. For 44%, a realistic view of aging is pointed out, and the expectation of aging itself is the same as that of the elderly. The reasons that led the senescent to become volunteers were related in three categories: 1. God, by calling and spreading the Gospel, 2. Project linked to the issues of belonging and feeling useful, finally, 3. Values related to experiences relatives taking care of the mother or taking the example of the grandmother as inspiration. Conclusion: for the senescent of the Lilies of the Field Project, the motives that made them voluntary are linked to a sense of life, which because they are Christians, this meaning is to serve God, with attitudes that demonstrate it, through the care of the elderly with limitations. Belonging to the project is the way of serving God, whether by affinity with the elderly, with Japanese culture or by becoming a reference and feeling useful. The values related to the experience of caring for the mother or some elderly relative, as well as inspiration, were also a way of sharing their experiences and retribution. Knowing the reasons that led the senescent to become volunteers in an evangelical institution showed that the influence of Japanese culture juxtaposed with the evangelical when they seek the sense of usefulness and servility in helping others, especially the elderly. These findings contributed not only to understanding the dynamics of this project, but as nurses, to guide new work initiatives where older people play a fundamental role, contributing to society while making them useful, productive and happy.

In nonprofit organizations (NPOs) volunteers often work alongside paid workers. Such a coproduction setting can lead to tension between the two worker groups. This paper examines for the first time if and how volunteers in uence the separation of paid employees, and thus it contributes to the debate over whether volunteers can substitute paid workers. Using Austrian data on an organizational level we find a significant impact of volunteers on the separations of paid workers in NPOs facing increased competition. These findings support the assumption that a partial substitution effect exists between paid workers and volunteers.

This study was an exploration of nonprofit human service volunteer training as related to the retention of volunteers. In their pursuit to fulfill client needs, human service nonprofit organizations often rely heavily on volunteers, which emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the means through which organizations may affect positively the retention rates of volunteers. Training long has been thought to be an effective tool for decreasing attrition and engaging volunteers. By investigating the training experiences of volunteers with a focus on retention, this study hoped to further develop the research community’s understanding of how training helps or hinders volunteer retention and may serve as the basis for further research on the link between training design and retention.