Dissertation (M. Appl. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2008.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-96). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR38814

Orientador: Noêmia Pereira Neves / Resumo: A presente tese tem como propósito investigar trabalho voluntário, considerando o lugar estratégico que ocupa nas sociedades complexas, modernas e globalizadas, e, surpreender, na trajetória histórica pessoal de alguns sujeitos paradigmáticos , as formas de comparecimento do trabalho voluntário: modo de apropriação, tática de inserção primária para futura inserção formal no mercado de trabalho; ou modo de reapropriação, tática de recuperação do valor humano do trabalho, capaz de superar simbolicamente os percalços da alienação. Para tanto, fez-se necessário traçarmos mapas dos conflitos enfrentados pelos sujeitos paradigmáticos, (Subgrupo de Apropriação) e (Subgrupo de Reapropriação), e das soluções encontradas por eles na manutenção de perfis satisfatórios à composição de uma identidade criativa. A partir da aplicação de Entrevistas, foram coletados os discursos. A interpretação dos depoimentos teve como base a Análise de Discursos e o uso das categorias: trabalho(ontogênica), ser social, concepção de mundo, ideologia(operacionais) e modo de apropriação e modo de reapropriação (explicativas). Os principais resultados do mapa de conflitos são: dificuldade em conciliar condição ideal de qualificação profissional com ausência de trabalho remunerado, constrangimento em auferir reconhecimento profissional em trabalho voluntário, incompatibilidade entre exercício de projeto social e necessidades de consumo; ausência de satisfação e compensações e significados no trabalho remunerado, desgaste, constrangimento, inexplicáveis sentimentos de vazio. Os principais resultados encontrados para o subgrupo de apropriação: trabalho voluntário é exercido como lugar de formação profissional, curricular, transição, espera de treinamento primário em serviço a preencher o vazio da ausência do trabalho remunerad...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present thesis has the purpose of investigating the volunteer work, considering the strategic place that it occupies in complex, modern and globalized societies, and to surprise, in the historical personal trajectory of some paradigmatic people, the forms of volunteer work attendance: way of appropriation, tactic of primary insertions for future formal insertion in the working market; or way of reappropriation, tactic of recuperation of the human work value, able to overcome symbolically the perquisites of alienation. For all, it was necessary to draw maps of conflicts that were faced by the paradgmic people (subgroup of appropriation) and (Subgroup of reappropriation), and of the solutions found by them in the maintenance of satisfactory outlines to the composition of a creative identity. From the application of interviews, the speeches were collected. The interpretation of the testimonies had as basis the Analysis of Speeches and the use of the categories: work (ontogeny), being social, world conception, ideology (operational) and way of appropriation and reappropriation (explanatory). The main results of the map of conflicts are: difficulty in conciliating ideal condition of professional qualification without salary, embarrassment in gaining professional recognition in volunteer work, incompatibility between exercising social projects and consumption needs; absence of satisfaction and compensation and meanings in paid work, wastage, embarrassment, incomprehensible empty feelings. The main results found for the appropriation subgroup: volunteer work is practiced as a place of professional formation, curricular, transitional, wait of primary training in service to fulfill the emptiness of the unpaid work. For the subgroup of reappropriation: volunteer work is a triumphant result,...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Graciously We Receive is an ethnographic documentary film about Hearts for Homes, a volunteer Christian outreach organization that does no-cost home repairs for low income elderly homeowners. Graciously We Receive examines the symbiotic relationships between volunteers and the homeowners, addressing the need to be needed by meeting the needs of others. Using qualitative research methods derived from the social sciences, Graciously We Receive represents an advancement in media-based research methods. with the introduction of quick cine-ethnography, which combines quick ethnography methods and grounded theory for data acquisition and analysis, Graciously We Receive applies anthropological research methods to documentary film production.

Nonprofit organizations rely upon volunteers to assist in achieving their mission and reaching strategic operational goals. As the volunteer population in the United States has decreased, nonprofit organizations are challenged to recruit and retain volunteers. To improve operational efficiencies in nonprofit volunteer management, organizations need to implement more effective strategies to assign roles to volunteers and develop a better understanding of how those roles fit into volunteers' lives and the value systems of individual volunteers. The functional theory of volunteer behavior characterizes the values, understanding, social, career, protective, and enhancement functions as they relate to an individual's motivation for volunteering. To investigate how active volunteer demographics related to self-reported ratings of personal and social motivational functions, a multivariate analysis of variance, with designated follow-up post hoc tests, was used to address the research questions and associated hypotheses to provide a basis to make comparative statistical analysis to determine volunteer needs, values, and purpose based on age cohort, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. It was found that the functional aspect, career, was a significant determinate when focused on the demographics of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Additionally, an interaction emerged with sex and age with career, social, understanding, and enhancement functional aspects. The results of the study will foster positive social change by increasing the understanding of how volunteer behavior impacts volunteer retention and recruitment, facilitating nonprofit organizations in their ability to effectively match volunteer skills with assignment, thereby maximizing their impact and longevity within the organization.

Volunteerism is a commonly researched topic however, much scarcer is research into the factors or motivations behind volunteering at domestic violence emergency shelters. Knowing the motivating factors that lead people to dedicate their time to different organizations is important because it gives us an understanding of what can be done in order to get other people involved in pro-social activities that benefit society as a whole. Just as there are different types of individuals who volunteer their time, there are different factors and motivators that compel those individuals to do so. Research to date has identified some common motivators. One of these is altruism. Altruism is essentially a motivation or drive to help another solely for that person's benefit or for the benefit of society as a whole. Other motivators that have been identified include: to gain understanding about a particular social issue, to strengthen social relationships and satisfy normative expectations; to aid in career advancement or to develop job prospects; to reduce negative feelings about oneself or address personal problems; and, to grow and develop psychologically and increase self-esteem. My research specifically examines the motivations among volunteers of local domestic violence emergency shelters. In my review of literature to date, I have been unable to find any research involving volunteers of domestic violence shelters, rape crisis centers, victim advocacy organizations, or anything along these lines. Only one study was found that has examined motivations among the volunteers for these organizations. This study was a very small (n=8), qualitative investigation with volunteers who occupied a specific position within an organization. This study examines motivations quantitatively of a larger sample of volunteers from two area domestic violence emergency shelters. To acquire this sample, all volunteers in the agency databases were emailed a link to the survey and asked to participate. The survey questionnaire included questions about the factors influencing their decision to volunteer and also why they chose to volunteer specifically at a domestic violence shelter. Demographic differences in motivations among the sample are also statistically determined. This study is important as it is the first to quantitatively assess the motivations of volunteers at a domestic violence agency. Motivations for volunteering at such an agency can differ significantly from motivations for volunteering at other types of organizations (like soup kitchens, day care centers, hospices and the like). The role of personal experience as well as knowing someone who has been personally impacted by domestic violence is measured as a unique motivation for this population. These findings are useful in providing domestic violence agencies with information that can assist in identifying potential volunteers from the larger community as well as a better understanding of their current volunteers. In addition, it contributes to the larger literature by examining a volunteer group that has largely been absent from the literature to date.

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Understanding volunteer motivation has been widely recognized by both researchers and administrators as a valuable component of program development. Thus, it is important to explore the motivational needs that contribute to Virginia adult 4-H volunteerism. This quantitative research study was designed to fill a gap in the current volunteer literature regarding our understanding of the motivational needs of Virginia adult 4-H volunteers. The following research questions guided this study: 1. What are the motivations of Virginia adult 4-H volunteers and how are these volunteers distributed in terms of their primary motivational need (power, achievement, or affiliation)? 2. What is the relationship between motivational needs (power, achievement, and affiliation) and volunteer satisfaction as self-reported by Virginia adult 4-H volunteers? 3. To what extent are Virginia adult 4-H volunteers motivated to volunteer for Virginia 4-H? 4. To what extent do motivational needs (power, achievement, and affiliation) differ in urban and rural Virginia adult 4-H volunteers? 5. What are the most prevalent youth experiences influencing adult 4-H volunteerism in Virginia 4-H? Data were collected from 296 Virginia 4-H volunteers via a 20-item questionnaire utilizing McClelland's Trichotomy of Needs Theory. The results showed that the top three motives for volunteering with Virginia 4-H were within the achievement and power subscales and included to teach and lead others, to improve the community, and to have an influence on how young people learn and grow. Further, a significant positive relationship was revealed between motivational needs (achievement, affiliation, and power) and satisfaction level. Results also indicated that the majority of Virginia adult 4-H volunteers described their current motivational level as "motivated." Additionally, no significant differences were found between the motivational needs of urban and rural Virginia adult 4-H volunteers and 4-H involvement was the most prevalent youth experience that influenced the decision to volunteer for 4-H. Based on the results of this study, implications and recommendations for practice and further research were suggested. / Ph. D.

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Abstract The purpose of military service is to have enough manpower to form military and in order to maintain national security. Thus, the military service system has direct influence on the quality of military and has direct impact on the result of the conflict and survival of nation. History has told us the importance of military establishment, but most people still emphasis on ¡§force employment¡¨ and ignore military establishment, In recent years, when we talked about defense policy reform, you will always hear abolish conscript service and start volunteer service; most of disagreements think conscript is not suitable for the current condition in Taiwan, at the same time that volunteer force will bring us more professional military, and mobilization will only need during war time. The purpose of this research paper is to analysis the possibility of adopt full volunteer service, through the study of others¡¦ experience, lesson learned and would trend. Through the research discovered that volunteer service is the modern trend, and at current time period we can not suddenly switch to full volunteer, it should be divided into different phases and progressively transform from conscript to volunteer service, and reaching the final goal of full volunteer force and professional military establishment. To reach this final goal we have to develop a strategy and to improve our recruitment skill. Keyword : Military service, Volunteer service, Conscript service, Mixed volunteer system, Possibility